Marine Ecology, June 6, 2007

Epipelagic/Antarctic 2

Focus: Antarctic penguins

Gentoo penguins (Photo: B. Grunewald)

Adelie penguins (Photo: K. Haberman)

Chinstrap penguin (Photo: Shir Goldberg

Adaptations for swimming, diving, cold water & snow

Solid bones Hindlimb

Rearward rotationWebbed feetClaws

ForelimbsModified as paddles

Air sacs: reduced

Other…

Shift in penguin species on the Antarctic Peninsula

Black-browed albatross Feeds primarily on krill!

Black-browed albatrossPhoto: K. Haberman

Feeds primarily on krill “Gack” defense by young

Southern giant petrel

Southern giant petrelPhoto: K. Haberman

Wilson’s storm petrel “Jesus birds”: feed on near-surface

zooplankton (smaller krill species, copepods, amphipods)

Wilson’s storm petrelPhoto: K. Haberman

Blue-eyed shag (cormorants)

Feed on fish and squid; deep divers Have heavy bones like penguins

Blue-eyed shagPhotos: K. Haberman

Kelp gulls Limpet eaters!

Kelp gullsPhoto: K Haberman

Order Pinnipedia, Family PhocidaeCrabeater seal

Photo: Karen Haberman

Crabeater seal skull showing krill eater teeth!

Elephant seals

Order Pinnipedia, Family Phocidae Leopard seal

Photo: Karen Haberman

Order Pinnipedia, Family Phocidae Weddell seal

Photo: Karen Haberman

Order Pinnipedia, Family Otariidae Southern fur seal (related to sea lions)

Photo: Karen Haberman

Order Cetacea; Suborder Mysticeti

Humpback WhalePhoto: K. Haberman

Order Cetacea; Suborder Mysticeti

Minke WhalePhoto: Project Atlantis

Order Cetacea; Suborder Mysticeti

Blue WhalePhoto: Project Atlantis

Order Cetacea; Suborder OdontocetiFamily Delphinidae

OrcaPhoto: NOAA