Marine Current

8/14/2019 Marine Current

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Abstract:This paper discusses the background

to the development of a unique and

novel technique for power generation

using the kinetic energy of tidal

streams and other marine

currents.The main factor to develop

non-conventional energy sources isan urgent need to minimise

greenhouse gas emissions before

atmospheric pollution causes

irreversible and probably disastrous

changes to our ecosystem.Land-

based renewable energy technologies

are already facing constraints due to

conflicts over land-use, so the seas

offer huge open spaces where future

new energy technologies could be

deployed on a grand scale, without

impact on either the environment or

on other human activities.Arguably,

unless we develop and use marine

renewable energy resources we willnot be able to meet our future energy

needs without continuing to burn

increasing quantities of fossil fuels;

this is the main argument for

investing in these new and so far

little-developed energy solutions

.


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THE TIDAL STREAM RESOURCE

Although the tidal stream

resource is potentially enormous, in

most sea areas the velocities, and

hence the energy densities, are too

low for economic exploitation.

Therefore the resource of interest to

us can only usefully be exploited in

comparatively few places where fast

currents occur regularly.

The velocities needed for potentially

cost-effective power generation

involve relatively rapid tidal currents

typically with peak velocities at Spring

Tide in the region of 2 to 3m/s.The

gross kinetic energy in such flows isextremely large and it appears

regularly and predictably since it is

driven by the gravitational interactions

resulting from the relative motion of

the earth, the moon and the sun.

Therefore this is a unique renewable

resource that is relatively potent, yet is

independent of random weather

conditions Marine currents have the

potential to supply a significant

fraction of future electricity needs and,

if successfully

developed, the technology required

could form the basis of a major new

industry to produce clean power for

the 21st century.

POWER OF THE TIDAL STREAM RESOURCE

Water currents offer an analogous

energy resource to wind; kinetic

energy of the moving fluid can

similarly by extracted and applied by

using a suitable type of turbine rotor.

The power available from a stream

of water is:

where is the density of water, A is

the cross-sectional area of the rotor

and V is the free-stream velocity of

the current

The consequence of this cube lawrelationship is that power and hence

energy capture are highly sensitive to

velocity.

.


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PRACTICAL MARINE CURRENT TURBINE


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PRINCIPLE AND WORKING OF MARINE CURRENT TURBINE

Marine current

turbines work, in principle, much

like submerged windmills,but driven

by flowing water rather than air.

They can be installed in the places

with high tidal currents to take out

energy from the huge volumes of the

flowing water . .

It consists of a twin axial flow

rotors each driving a generator. The

twin power units of each system are

mounted on wing like extensions

either side of a tubular steel

monopile which is set into a hole

drilled in the sea bed. The steel pileand other main structural elements in

an the tidal turbine have cathodic

protection and the rotor is constructed

from glass and carbon fibre reinforced

composite materials which are not

significantly effected by contact with

seawater A unique, patented feature of

this technology is that the turbines and

accompanying power units can beraised bodily up the support pile clear

above sea-level to permit access for

maintenance. The technology does not

offer any serious threat to fish or

marine mammals. The rotors turn

slowly (10 to 20 rpm). turbines will

generally be installed in batches of

about 10 to 20 machines..

Energy yield

Marine current energy is a particularly

attractive renewable energy source.

The velocities in good tidal stream

areas are a fraction of typical wind cut-

out speeds, but they are steadier and

accurately predictable. This means

there should be less need of storage

and easier integration within network

planning.In addition, the increased density of

water in comparison to air means that

it has higher energy intensity than

most renewables (four times as much

as wind).

This means that marine turbines can be

much smaller than wind turbines, as

shown in the next page.


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Comparison with other resources

The advantages of marine currentenergy over other renewables can be

clearly observed in the table below,

although actual characteristics will

vary according to generator design.

One of the major drawbacks of this

technology however, is the highcapital cost, as technology is in its

infancy.

01000900000314bf00000000efbe000000000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050

000000c02aa003b02030000001e000400000007010400efbe0000410b2000cc00a9003a0200

000000a9003a0200000000280000003a020000a90000000100080000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffff00fefefe000808080010101000f7f7f7001818

1800efefef00212121000000080008000000080800000008000008000800101008001008080

0fefeef00fefef700fef7fe00f7fef700f7fefe00f7f7ef00f7eff700f7effe00efeffe0029215200f7f7fe00

1808520018105200101039001010420021184a001008520018104a00211042002110520010

084200080042001010520000004a001000630010005a0018184a000800520008005a001808

4a001808630008004a0018185a00eff7fe0021104a00181039001008630008085a0010185200

e7effe00000052000800630010086b0010085a0010103100180873001818420008085200081

04a0018186b0018105a0018104200211852000810520000005a0010084a000810630008086

b00000063000008630018086b00080842000808630010105a001018390000085a0010104a0

000006b0008185a0008087b0008084a000000730008106b00deeffe00effefe0008007b00e7e7

fe0008087300101063000810730000086b0010087b0018106b0000084a0008105a00181073

00000042000008520008006b00181063000810420008083900081039000008420010083100

1008390018085a00fef7f700180842002118420029295200efeff700f7feef00eff7f70021214a00

18183900feeffe0010184a0029214a00e7f7fe00000039001000310021105a0010006b0000105

a001008730008007300000873001818630010106b00efe7fe001818520021186300eff7ef0000

083900100039001000520010004a0021185a00101842000808310018213900212142001000

7300080829000800310010007b00effef70000003100080039001818310018087b0010004200

211063002929420029186300f7f7e7002118390010082900000000000000000000000000000

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

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