Marimekko dress knitted from birch
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Marimekko-dress knitted frombirch – Ioncell method offersnovel possibilities
Herbert SixtaSchool of Chemical Technology
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WoolSilkAngoraCashmereothers
CottonFlaxJuteHempOthers
ViscoseModalLyocellCuproAcetate
CaseinCollagenArdeinZein
PolyesterPolyamideElastanPPPUAcrylPET
CarbonCeramicsGlassMetal
Cellulosebased
(MMCF)Protein-based
Cellulosebased
Protein-based
Natural fibersFrom natural
polymersSyntheticpolymers
Inorganiccompounds
Man-made fibers
FIBERS
Textile Fibers Overview
Cellulosebased
(MMCF)
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Global Production of Textiles
Man-made cellulosics : CV, CLY, ACETATENatural fibers : CO, Wool, Flax, Hemp, Silk, etc.Synthetic fibers: PE, PP, PA, PAC
The Fiber Year 2013 - World Survey on Textiles & Nonwovens
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200
20
40
60
80
Global Fiber Production, Mio t
50.8 Mt Synthetics
5.5 Mt other NF1.1 Mt Wool
5.2 Mt MMCF
23.3 Mt CO
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Predicted growth of Regenerated cellulosefiber
The Fiber Year 2013: World Survey on Textiles`& Nonwovens, April 2013
Global textile market- Cotton stagnant at 26-28 Mio t/a- 33-37% minimum share of
cellulosics in textiles- GAP of 15 Mio t/a of cellulosic
fibers in 2030
Growth rates- Viscose, Lyocell > 9%/a- Acetate 1.5%/a
1940 1960 1980 2000 20200
2
4
6
8
10 MMC staple fiber, Mio t/a
1940 1960 1980 2000 20200
2
4
6
8
10 MMC staple fiber, Mio t/a
6%
9%
6%
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Textile chain
http://www.lenzing.com/en/fibers/tencel/botanic-fiber.html
IONCELL-F Final product
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Viscose vs. Lyocell
Viscose Lyocell
NaOH / CS2
wet spinning dry-jet wet spinning
derivatization direct dissolution
wood pulp
Andrzej Ziabicki, Fundamentals of fiber spinning,John Wiley & Sons Ltd, (ISBN: 0-471-98220-2).Michael Hummel
O
NO
H2O
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Why Alternatives to NMMO?
NMMO is an oxidant and relatively unstable:• Autoxidation reactions via Carbonium-iminium ions:
Stabilizer
• Radical scavenger• Formaldehyde trap
Rosenau, T. et al. Cellulose, 2002, 9, 283Rosenau, T. et al. Progress in Polymer Science, 2001, 26(9), 1763-1837.
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IONCELL-FLyocell Process using a
stable ionic liquid
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Spinning line: Dope preparation
Final dope has to be filtrated and degassed
pulp
Ionic Liquid
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10
Extrusionvelocity
Take-up velocity
Spinning line: Extrusion
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Spinning line: Aftertreatment
11
dryingwashingcollecting
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IONCELL* Solution
UNSTRETCHED STRETCHED
Dope Spinnability
Good spinnability
Adapted from A. Michud et al. ACS conference, New Orleans, 2013
65-70ºC
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IONCELL-F Production
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Comparative strength properties
Finnish Birch Pulp as raw material
0 5 10 15 20 250
200
400
600
800
1000
CuproViscose, CV
NMMO
Tena
city
cond
[MP
a]
Elongationcond [%]
IONCELL-F
Modal, CMD
0 10 20 30 400,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
CV CMDNMMO
Tirecord
s, GPa
Young's modulus [GPa]
IONCELL-F
IONCELL fiber shows superior strength properties and can bealso used as reinforcing fiber in light weight composites
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Fiber Value Chain
15
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Waste Paper and Board as Raw MaterialNOT SENSITIVE TO RAW MATERIAL:Pre-treated, and DP-adjusted Recycled Copy Paper (P) andBoard (B) used as raw material
P1 P1 P2 B4 B5 B3 B2 PHK CV0
10
20
30
40
50
60
REFBOARD
Tensile Strength, cN/tex
COPY PAPER
Properties from IONCELLfibers prepared from recycledpaper and board superior thanreference viscose fibers (CV).
Yibo Ma, PhD Thesis
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Demonstration runs
SCARF: 11/13 Marimekko®DRESS: 3/14
designed by Tuula Pöyhönen