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Mapnn-AnroaHera

Tparnvnara u(Topt4f, Ha eAHa Kpaluqa, qufrro xc4Bor

3aBlrpuBa nOA OCTpl4eTO Ha ruIlOTuHaTa

Mowrmqero 6e: nHrepec K'bM yqeHilero

Krn Hoeils casr

louarnHnra Ha ABopeqa "Bepcafi"

Maprn-AnroaHera r4e 6t,qe npeAaAeHa

lzls6yxaanero Ha OpeHcKara peBon oqrflKpanr Ha AilHacrrrra Ha 6yp6onrzre

Kpanr Ha KpancKoro ceruet7rcreo

PeeonrcqnoHHl4f,T rpra6yxan Ha cMbprra

f peu.r n ra qa unu ruuven n qa?

l4cropuqnre Bce oule He ca eguHogytuH14

Epora 68

Ceguurxo u:4axue

tI3AATEICKA KOM|IAHlzlf : [e AfOCTt/Ht/l XEIAC OOE

(De AGOSTINI HELLAS SRL)

CTPAHA HA nPOLI3XO[: trpqun

lzl3IATEII: nerpoc KanHhcroc

LIKOHOMtIqECKTl fl,4PEKTOP: Oornc Ooruy

MEHlzfiXbP HA PEAAKTlzlPAHE / NPOlz]3BOICTBO:

Bupgxvuun Kyryy6ac

A,QPEC: BynrrueHVc 44-46, 16673 Atvaa

(Vouliagmenis 44-46, 166 73 Athens)

MEHTUXbP MAPKETIzIHI Mnxanrc Kyqyxoc

MEHtIEXbP HA lu13flAHL4ETO: Hacrra Kopreca

fflABEH PEAAKTOP: Tanr Cxau4anaxu

noMoulHt{K-PEEAKTOp T{ KOOp[r]HATOp 3A

64I KAH tlTE: EilM vr pvc AvMVr ph a EVc

nPOT43BOECTBEH KOOP$zIHATOP:

Kaponnna flynngy

MEHtUXbP [lz]CTPlzl6YLllzif : Eeu 6o:a

tulEHtlAxbP IlOtrlCTlulKA 7l OIIEPAl-llzllzl:

AilMtrrpnc llacxanugrc

KOOPA14HATOP JIOIUCfUKA lz1 OIlEPAUl.4l4: Anrouuc flourc

CnEUlz1AIIHA AIAnTAUTIfl 3A 6bllIAPCKlzl E3lz1K:

rilTA AXOPAX EOOA (GIGA GEORGE EOOD)

PEIAKUl4fi h KOPEK!14f: Panrqa llaHariroroea

nEqAT t4 nOABbP3BAHE: HAIDEMENOS 5.A.

ItlPEKTOP HA nEqATH14UATA; MAKhC KOTOIIYIOC

BHOC|ITEII: Arura Me4un 6urapur OO,[

lzl:4arenrr cn:ana3Ba npaBoro Aa npoMeHF peAa Ha ff3AaBaHe

Ha nope4ilqara, KaKTo tr npaBoro Ha r:6op ra uMeHara,

KOr/TO Ule Ce npeAcTaBflr

@ 2008 De AGOSTINI Hellas

o 2003 K.K. De AGOSTINI JAPAN

l55N:1791 4256

Cxnuxu: Corbis Japan, Uniphoto

Llexa ra 6poeaere:

lera na nlpsur 6pou: 1,50 rs.l-.iena na cregaaulure 6poeBe: 3,70 nB.

Bcrqxr rexcrose ca SaulffTeHu c aBTopcKr npaBa.3a6paHeroe Bb3npofr 3BexAaHeTo, cKaHtrpaHeTo, npeAaBaHeTo ilfl u

fr3nol3BaHeTo Ha MalepilanilTe c TbproBcKa qe, noA KaKBaTo fi Aae Qopua 6e: nilcMeHoro cbrflacre Ha peAaKTopa.

$@3a ga nonyvure no-po6po o6cnyxeane, noptsearre scern 6pofr

Ha nopeA,4qara or eAilH il cblr1 TbproBcKil nyHKT il ilHOopMtrpal/Te

npogaBaca 3a HaMepeHilero cil Aa KynyBare cneABaqilre 6poese.

3a eauero no-4o6po o6cnyxBaHe rbpcere il3AaHilero BilHarlr B eAilH 14 cbr4 rbproBcKh o6eKT ryBeAoMrBar4re npoAaBaqa 3a HaMepeHilero cil Aa 3aKynhre eBeHTyanHo u cnegsaulure 6poeee.

3a gcRraxaa l,rnsoprvrar{,rn, cnpaBKh,3aMrHa Ha eK3eMnnrpil [nr4 nopbqKil Ha npeAilulHil 6poeBe,norbpcere uu na reneQou (02) 489 95 53 unu nvi u3nparere e-mail Ha a4pec infofideagoriini.bg.

O6cnyxeaue Ha KrileHTvt: noHe4enHhK - nerux, 10:00 - 15:00 q.

3a ga noayrure crapn 6poeee no noulara, nrpeo ce o6agere ra reneQom (02) 489 95 53,ctteg Koero apeeegere teo6xoglMara cyMa lto cMerKa:AnQa SanxIBAN: BG3gCRBA 9898 lOOt 0718 50BIC: CRBABGSF

Keap fiafipexr EOOIllpn nony,raaaxe na crapu 6poeBe no Kyplep 3anrau{aHero craBa B MoMeHraHa nonyqaBaHero.

Iuqnocrure, yroBeHu B noroKa Ha enoxarHure Gb6uruf

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MapuA-AHToaHeTaKarsn e HefiHrzlltT xr4Bor?

KPA' HA XVIII BEK, KoTaTo

aMepilKaHcKl4 qaTm neqern

Hapo4br Ha Cre4nHeHilre

cBoflTa He3aBilct4MocT, B

LU

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LUmpm

Eapona nz6yxea BenilKa peBonoUVfl, KoflTo ce onilTBa,qa croxt4xpah Ha KpancKara Bnacr. B cnnyrHilre BpeMeHa Ha OpeHcKara

peBonollilF ce noflBflBa Kpanilqa, KoflTo ce onilTBa Aa cnacn

noL{Tr4 wzry6enara qecr Ha KpancKoro cennerZcreo.

Hefinoro uMe e Mapurn-AnroaHera.

E4urH or Harz-ronopvrrHilTe L{reHoBe B ncroptAflTa Ha KpancKara

AVHaCTIAA,TA e XeHa C rOfleMil AbnroBe il cKaHrqanHo noBeAeHne,

Koero noHflKora e cpaM 3a KpancKoro cenneficreo. BtnpeKil '.{e fl

KptArtAKyBar 3apaAr MHoro6pohnnre rz nop oqvl,rfl Hl/Kora He ry6unto6oera n noAKpenara Ha ceMeficreoro, or Koero npon3xoxrqa,

Xa6c6yprnre - eAHa or Hafi-erilflrenHrlre Qannunnn a Espona noToBa BpeMe. Mapnn-AHroaHera norqKpenff cBoR HepeunreneH

cbnpyr llyn XVI Ro Kpafl Ha xrBora My. Kagear, qe oMpa3ara,

KOflTO T4. npeAn3BtAKBa y Hapo4a, e eflHa or npnqnHilTe, AoBerytgo uz6yxBaHero Ha OpeHcKara peBonrcqn+.

Hnron fl noMHflT Karo Kpannllara, KoflTo noBexpa OpaHqrzrn

npe3 BpeMero Ha Harzr-ronflMara Kpil3a 3a crpaHara. xvraortr fi

ce Hocl4 Karo nvcro no cnaBHoro reqeHre Ha ilcropunra nyfacBaKaTO KanKa yTpilHHa poca non ocTpileTo Ha rilnoTrHaTa.

Karea e Maprzrn-AHroaHera Karo qoeer?

cnbHqe", ce Bb3KaqBa Ha npecrona.

1740 ll Mapun-Tepesa noeMa rpoHa Ha Ceeqenara Prmcra ilMnepuff cne4 cMbprra na Kapn Vl.

Ha 23 aerycr ere i (Opanqnn) ce paxna Ilyn XVl.

1755 ll Ha 2 uoeusplr sre BueHa (Aecrpiln) ce pax4a Maprn-AnroaHera.

1762 [f XaH-Xar Pyco ny6nvxyea noflill4qecKiln rparrar"O6qecreennnr goroeop".

1763 ll Mapran-Anroanera e onpeAeneHa 3a noreHqilanHa roAeHrqa Ha goQrana na Opanqnn.

Yvrupa 6ar4ara na Mapran-AHroaHera - Opanrl I lleSaH.

Mapnn-AHroaHera ce crorqflBa sa Ilytt XVl.

Maprn-AnroaHera ce oMbxBa :a llyur XVl.

Mapurn-AnroaHera cpeu.la rpaQ Xanc Arcen $on OepseH.

1775 fl tvtapurn-AHroaHera craBa Kpannqa ua Opanqun.

B Cre4rnenrre aMepilKaHcKu ularv 3anoqBa Bofrnara 3a He3aBrcilMocr.

1777 fl Epartr na Mapun-AuroaHera, [zlo:eQ, fi noceu{aBa ete Opanqun.

Maprn-AnroaHera paxAa nbpBara cil Abqepfl - Mapu-Tepe: [JJapnor.

3anoqsa poMaHrnqHa Bpb3Ka c rpa$ Xanc Axcen Son Oepaen.

Yunpa mafrxara na Mapnn-AnroaHera - Maprn-Tepe:a.

Maprn-AnroaHera pax.qa nbpBr/F cu ct H -1783 || fpa$ Xanc Arcen Qon OepaeH ce 3aBpbqa or Bofisara 3a He3aBilcLrMocr B Ctegrnenrre aMepilKaHcKr4 qaril.

Mapnn-AnroaHera pax.qa Bropr/fl cu ctAH - flyrrr-uJapn.

1786 ll l4r4ageHa e npncbAa no Aefloro BbB Bpb3Ka c "AQepara c AilaMaHreHara orrpnuqa".

1789 fl ns6yxsa Opencrara peBonoqiln.

Mapun-AxroaHera,3ae4Ho c r-lnnoro KpancKo ceueficreo, ce Mecril e flapux.

1790 fi Mapr,rn-AuroaHera 3anor{Ba Aa cbrpygHytvra c rpa$,.[uo Mr,lpa6o.

1792 [ tVtapurn-AnroaHera tlt celnefrcreoro rl ca 3aroqeHil B 3arBopa "Tamnn".

f1 posr:rnaceHa e peBon roqr4oH Hara lla prxrara KoMyHa.

1793 [ Hu 21 aayapvllylr XVle e$eKyr/rpau e llaprx.Ha 16 oxromepr Maprn-AHroaHera e erceKyn4pana e flaprx.

1804 fl Hanoneon Sonanapr e KopoHflcaH 3a uMneparop Ha Oparqr,rn.

1814 fl Pecraepallilfl Ha AnHacrilflra ua 6yp6onure xa SpencxilF rpoH.

1815 fl Tnnoro na Maprn-AnroaHera e eKcxyMupaHo u norpe6aHo orHoBo e 6agilnrrara"Cen flexra'i

TparnqHaTa ucroptrn Ha eAHaKpaJrr{ua, qvvTo }nrrBoT 3aBbprrrBarIoA ocTplleTo Ha II,IJIOTI,IHilTATh e pogeHa B eAHo or nafi-sr[treJlHrrre ceMeftcrsa B r1f,na Enpora v ce oMbx{Ba 3a [pr{Hrl or KpancKara 1irlaacrttrHa BenI4K HapoA. locrura BbpxoBere Ha cnaBarav ce [poBaJrr BbB Brzxbpa Ha BpeMero, Ho 3arra3Ba cBoeroAocrofincrBo Karo KpaJII4ua ua Opanqzq. CreA ras6yxnauero Ha OpeHcrara peBonroqrs o6aqe xrvBorbr fi 4ocrzra6rpso cnor rpafi rIoA ocrpl4ero Ha rlrJlorrrHara.Ts. e ilocneAHara rocrroAapKa Ha BeJrr4rrecrBeHrrr ABopeq

o'Bepcai.r"

rtucrryrrfl'talealrrei*tws xlrBor e rcrrbJrHeHa c ApaMarvrrrnr MoMeHTr4. 3a nes Bce oIqe ce roBoprr xaro sa Hafi-TparkItlHara nteHa B cbBpeMeHHara eBpoleficra krc-tryLrfl.llpranqecara lportxoxAa or eAHa or nafi-ynaxaeaHr4Te

$at,,ziatruvrnEnpoua-[vnacruflTanaXa6c6yprzre.

Monnnqero 6es ilHTepec KbM yr{eHneroIlerna4eceroro Aere

LfA 2 HOEMBPII lTss r IIMIIEPATPI4IIATA Ha Ascrpmn,

I lMapran-Tepe3a, pax4a cBoero nerHa4ecero 4ere. 3a

Mapr,rn-Tepeaa roBa e egilHa4eceroro MoMl4qe, Ha Koero

AaBa xilBo1, u rF ro Hapuqa Mapun-AnroumR. Toea cna4roMoMr4qe cne4 togt4Ht4 qe 6rt4e u3BecrHo Ha BcilqKu KaroMapnn-ArroaHera.

Mapran-Tepeaa e nafi-ronnuara Abulepr ua Kapn Vl *uMneparop Ha Ceeqeuara Pumcra mmnepus. Marira fr eEnra:a6er-Kpucla u $on 6payn r.learlr-BonQen6roren. KapnVl rarvra eAuH-eAmHcrBeH MbxKll HacneAHilK HapeqeHIeonon4-iloxan, uo rorl yMupa oqe Karo nereHaqe npe3171 6 r. Ero 3aulo, Koraro nper 1 740 r. Kapn Vl yMilpa, npec-Tona aBToMarilqHo Hacne4flBa tafi-rolRuara My .qbqepfl.Tara ua 23-rognLuxa Bb3pacr Mapran-Tepesa 3acraBaHaqeno Ha eAHo or uafi-eu4Hnre ceMeficrea e Eepona

- Xa6c6ypnare. Wcropwara AoKa3Ba, qe rfl e u3Knrcqu-renHo Ha4apeHa u cnoco6sa hMneparpuqa, cbc cilnHo pa3-

Br4To '.ryBcrBo 3a orroBopHocr il rorflMo 6naropogcrso.l1o epeme Ha cBoero ynpaBneHile rfl ycnnBa Aa yBenuqu

MOqTa U BnuflHUeTO Ha ilMnepilflTa, Karo yKpenBa nonil-TilqecKara, o6paloearenuara il BoeHHara cucreMil. fleqenueaxun6vtxu Ha 6oriHoro none, Karo orcrpaHflBa onacHoc-

Ture, Ha4BmcHanu Hag crpaxara i.Xileorbr ua Mapun o6aqe ue e caMo noruruxa. Ts

ce oMbxBa 3a nbpBara cra nlo6oe Opancrac, xepqor Ha

florapuurun, il ABaMara 3ae4Ho cb34aBar eAHo qacrnmBo

ceti,teticreo. CrrrnacHo npaBilnara Ha KpancKara AilHacrunor ro3r4 nepuoA, cne4 xeuur6ara OpaHcrac - xepqor Ha

Iorapunrun, craBa aBToMarmvuo @parq l, uuneparop r.ra

Ceeqeuara Puucxa uunepun. Mapun-AHroaHera ce paxAae ronroro, lrro6nulo ceuericreo na raau peorlxa. Tn u:pacreae o6rprrxenuero Ha MHoro 6patau cecrpn, B KpacuB ABo-peq B cruna ra aecrpraricxun 6apox.

Mapun-Tepeaa o6nua 4a opraHil3rpa nepmoAur.tHo

6anoee il nuulHt4 qepeMoHylyl B ,lMneparopcKr4n ABop B'bB

Bneua. Tn HacbpqaBa il Aeqara cu Aa yqacrBar e regil cr6il-TUfl, KaTO rh BbBnUqa aKrmBHo B TFXHOTO OpraHil3ilpaHe.

Ero rarl egea 4-ro4uuLHa, Mapun-AnroaHera ce c6rucxea3a nbpBt4 nbr c nuu.lHara annoc$epa Ha ABopl"loBr4n xl4Bor.

Maprn-Auroar.rera e o6qurerHo Aere c 6esynpevnra

MaHilepu. Tn o6aqe HilKora He nponBflBa cbult4HcKll l4HTe-

pec KbM o6pa:oeauuero. Brnperra qe marixa rl Mapurn-

Tepesa urvra uecrHa4ecer Aeqa, Aecer or Kot4To Aocrilrar3pflna B'b3pacT,3a Hefl e rpyAHo Ea ce 3aHilMaBa c Bb3nhTa-

nuero m o6pa:oBaHuero Ha Aeqara cu, Tbri xaro e il3Knoqu-TenHo 3aeTa Aa il3n'b'lHfBa cBouTe 3aAbnxeHilF Ha ilMnepa-rpuqa. Ero aaqo o6pasoeaHuero Ha Aeqara e noBepeHo Ha

npuABopHuTe il ABopqoBure npucfipKHl4ql4.

3a geopqosrare Bb3nurarenu tA yqurenu Mapmn-

AHroarera e uari-rpy4noro gere. Tn e MHoro nanaBa m

cb3AaBa MHoxecrBo npo6leuu, Ho caMo c qapoBHara cilycMr4BKa ycnFBa Aa ce cnacu oT yKopure 3a rouloTo noBe-

4erue. B rpariua cuerxa Bb3nilTarenilTe fi ce otraleat or

v "14uneparopcxoto cemerircreo ra Konega" - xaprnxara eHapilcyBaHa or Mapilq-KpilcrtlHa, cerB]prara Abrqepn na Mapun-Tepe3a. l\4ap[n-AHToaHera crou no cpeAara n Abpxtr MarKara cuxyxna. Or ra:u KaprnHa 'loBeK Moxe eABa nu He Aa yceril TonflaraceueiHa aruocQepa.

: floprper sa 7-ro4uuuara Mapun-AHroaHera. flpe: cuqara roAlaHa B

4eopeqa "l.lJsor6pyH" ce opraHu3upaMy3uKaneH cneKTaKbn. fnaBHara arpaKqilFe Gro4rurnrr Moqapl xofiro eeve eo6neeH :a reHl/arHo Aere My3nKaHT.

Ka3BaI ,ie eAtrH ntr Moqapr ce npenrea rMapnn-Auroarera, KoflTo B To3u MoMeHT

e Ha6nu:o, my nomara Aa ce x3npaBu.Mnapnnr Moqapr e raKa 3anneHeH orKpacorara Ha Mapufl-AHToaHera, qe

aepaara ir npegnara Aa ce oMbxh 3a Hero.

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e noctBoeH KaTo nSTHa pe3[AeHLlilr 3a

kluneparopcxoto ceMefi crBo

loroBilHaTa oT roAilHaTa ryK.

glg

I ,-[-_; -:t.t[-

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oT cBoilTe Errqepr4 3a npilHq or $peucxara KparrcKa

$awurnvn. B ncropuuecxu nnaH nonlrrilqecxunr 6pax e

MHOrO none3eH n CtAneH AunfloMaTilqecKil LrHcTpyMeHT 3a

KpancKilTe AnHacrvt B To3il nepfiog. !nnnomaruuec<rnrc-blc3 qpe3 6pax c gpyra KpancKa Qavtwnva pa3urlpFBa h

yKpenBa BrLrflHuero Ha Qamnnunre e Eapona. llorouqnre

Ha AnHacrhflra Ha Xa6c6yprrare ca Ha npaKruKa HaBcfl-

KbAe - B lzlgroqHa Ywaptrn, s 3anapHa 6enrvtn, e EcroHns.

no 6peroeere sa banruficxo Mope il e loxHa lAranv,n.

Bcuqxu reau repilTopul4 u AbpxaBr ca B cbro3 c aBcrp/t-cxrare Xa6c6yprh il noflAbpxar ilMnepilrra il3BbH Het-

HilTe npegenm. B ucropuvecKr KoHTeKcr peueHilero Ha

Mapnn-Tepe:a Aa ype4/ nonurilqecKr4 6paroee 3a cBo-

ilTe Aeqa c qen yKpenBaHe Ha EilnnoMaTilqecKilTe B3a11-

MoorHoueHhfl e Mbgpo. llper 1 763 r. Tfl ycnflBa Ea cnoxul

rpari na Cegemroguuruara goirHa c llpycun qpe3 nognrc-

BaHe Ha ,loroaopa or Xy6epryc6ypr. Toraea ilflBa peA

Ha cneABau.lufl ir nonmrnqecxlr xog - LtHr4qur,4paHe Ha

xeuur6a c qaeH Ha KpancKara EVHacrvA na Syp6onr,rre

ete Opanqrn. llpnemnnea naprilfl e 10-ro4uu.rroro

MoMqe, BHyK Ha xpan Ilyn XV, Ilyu-Orocr. 3a Maprn-

Tepesa vrna4rarr 6r4eu1 xpar e uafi-go6pranr napruuop

aa Herinara Abulepn Mapnn-AnroaHera. Trir Karo r ABere

celnericrea o6aqe ca npeAcraBilTen,4 Ha BerilKilTe cu4rn1 B

Eapona, no4roroBKara Ha crparerilqecrlrn 6pax rpn6aa

Ea npeoAonee MHoro rpygHocrn. Epaxrrr He cpeu.la pagy-

ueH npneM sta OpaHqun, rufi xaro cKnoqeHilflr c-bto3

c Aecrpran He e u3qffno B nor3a Ha crpaHara. Harrqe e

flcHo r43pa3eHo qyBcrBo na epaxpe6nocr cpeuly npta-

ervra Ha 6rgeqara Kpanflqa ua Opanqran or aecrprrZcxo

celaeficrso. Toea e npilqilHa xpan llyu XV ga ornara ypex-

AaHero Ha xeHur6ara Bb3MoxHo Hari-4tnro, 3a Ea cne-qenil BpeMe ga rar4ericrea no-6raronpnnrHh ycnoBuF orAscrprurn. Mapran-Tepera, o6e:noxoena or cb3Aanara ce

cnryaLlvtfrt u3npaqa aecrpnricxn AilnnoMar ere Opanqrn,

3a Ea nonynnpnaupa po6po4ererilre Ha aecrpulrcrara

epqxepqornHfl Mapun-AnroaHera. floproroexara o6aqe

ce orrara il ce stgo6HoeflBa qaK cle4 6 roguHrzr.

) Kpanjlyr XV, xorlro cxnnqea ctog c

ilMneparpnLlara Ha ABcrpilF Mapff F-Tepe3a.

ft-; ii:;i

il

ffi,:

3aAbnxeHilrra cil tzl ocraBFT Maprn-Atroauera Aa il3pacHe

no Bb3MoxHo uarT-pa:nycnarriF HaqilH.

Bpax:a 3a3ApaBsBaHe Ha cr,rc3a

HesaeL4cl,llMo Aanil e uHTeneKTyanHo HaAapeHa, rnilne, ct46ara Ha Mapran-AnroaHera e peueHa oule c pax-ganero ri. llpe: 1756 r., eAHa roAriHa cneA noflBara Ha

Mapnn-Auroanera ua 6Rl cenr, Mapnn-Tepe3a cKnnqBa

AoroBop 3a cbo3 c OpaHqran,3a Aa cil Bb3BbpHe cyBepe-

Hilrera HaA Cunezwa. llpu cmrprra na Kapr Vl ra:il seMr

e orHera or cbceAHara u llpycun. BtscraHosqeaHero

na o6nacrra vt HoBVflr AoroBop c Opanqran ule npo-MeHflT ApaMaruquo 6alauca Ha cvnnre MexAy eBpo-

neficxute A-bpxaByi. B gericreurentocr cnefl cKrrcqBa-

Hero Ha [oroBopa Ascrpnn craBa eAHa or Hafi-morr-qrire AbpxaBil. B rosyt MoMeHr ra Aecrpun noAAbp-

xaHero Ha c'brc3a c OpaH[.luH e no-BaxHo or Bct4LtKo

gpyro. llpn re:u o6crorrercrea Mapnn-Tepe3a peuaBa

Ea 3a3ApaBu Bpb3Kl/Te cu c OpauquR, Karo oMbxil eAHa

3 a ,q r.( !'71 ra'c x4l T e

r [lerropuunara Mapun-AHroanera

raHqyBa Ha 6pavnara qepeMoHilfl Ha

cson 6par BbnpeKil qe e MHoro MaaAa,

T9 TaHLlyBa TaKa eneraHTHo, ce BerqHara

3aBnaArBa cbpqara Ha ny6nuxara.

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KOHOnTKTbT ME)l([v g14HACT]4flTA HA XA6CEyPTUf E U Ar4HACT]4flTA HA sypEoHt4TEB saqanoro Ha XVI e. xoHQnnxrur MexAy At4Hacrrlra ua Xa6c6yprnre v Atlacrv+ra

na Syp6oHlrre ce npeBp'bula B cepno3eH nonhrr.iecKh npo6nen. KpanflT Ha l(cnasv,sKapn V, rofiro npor{3xoxAa or AilHacrilfra Ha Xa6c6yprrzre, no6ex4aaa ete eotiHara

cpeu.ly Kpaflfl na OpaHqrn Opancoa I r neqenur cyBepeHilTera uag CeeqeHara PuucxailMnepilt. llopagn roea creLreHile sa o6cronrenclgara Opauqur ce o<agsa gao6ilxoreHa

or cilnhre ua Xa6c6yprrare - ABcrphn or il3ToK, lAcnasrr'n or 3anaA n Xonangrn, ronro e

no! ncnaHcKo rocnoncrBo, or ceBepoh:rox. Toea pa:6lrpa ce e onacxa :a Opasqrn cury-aqnn. Opeucrrre BraAerenn no roBa BpeMe npoh3xoxAar or,qrHacrrnTa Ha Syp6onnre.llpe: 1 589 r. Xa6c6yprrre, xoraro npIHaAflexar KbM KaronhqecKara BFpa,3anoqBar norr-Tr/lKo-penilrr4o3Hn roHeHr4r cpeu.{y nporecraurnre. XolaHAilfl, KoFTo e noA rocnoAcrBoroHa ilcnaHcKl/re Xa6c6yprtt', BtcraBa cpeuly norrcHilqecrBoro ra ce 6oprrr 3a cBoflTa He3a-

Br,4chMocr. Tlt,pBl,tflT Kpan or AytHacrhnra na Eyp6ouure, AHpn lV noAKpenr nnaMeHHo

XonaH4nn. Koraro npe: 1 61 8 r. e leprrranr,rn n:6yxaa TpnpecerroAl,4ulHara aoilHa, J1yr,t Xlll

- chH Ha AHpr4 lV, ueraaucruo ve e KaronrK,3acraBa Ha crpaHara ua nporecraurrre. Te:n

Ha&tecil s6ecsear Xa6c6yprrare. B naqanoro Ha ynpaBneHilero Ha Kpafl ffflyra XIV xou$nraxrbr MexAy gaere $atrrnrn ce naocrpn. llo roaa ffiBpeMe il ABeTe AL4HaCTiln ilMaT Kpt,BHn Bp-b3Kr1 C flCnaHCKOTO KpaICKO qcen,terZcrso, cb3AaAeHh qpe3 crpareril'lecKil nonilTl,tqecKll 6pa<ose.

Ero 3aqo B nephola or 1 701 go 1 7'l 3 r. il ABere ceuerZcrea ce g'uennqar

arg eoilHa 3a ,'rcnaHcKoro HacneAcrBo. B pe:ynrar na xon$nnrra, (Drnrn

- euyrr:r Ha llyra XlV, craea xpan Ha lzlcnauurs. Or repilTopr,4ilTe Ha l/tcnannn,

Aacrprn nevenr cauo Xolaugun, Mrnano r HeanonrraHcKoro KpancrBo

- pe:ynra1 roilro chnHo pa30qapoBa Xa6c6yprrre.

lzl raxa xoH$nrrrur il aHTaroHyl3M'br vexgy geere ceveft-

crBa npogbflxaBar noBeqe or ABecra rorqilHil. Ero :aqo ctto:trMexAy AnHacryrilTe e He caMo HeoqaKBaH, Ho 14 r4ABa Karo TorfM d'

uoK 3a ocraHanrre AbpxaBn a Eapona. Tori e uapeveu'grnno-MarnqecKara pesonoqur"Ha Xa6c6yprnre.

Kunn HoBytfl cBRT

OrnrrynaHe or poArrHara

Blnpgrr.r qr \aAvII{-AHTOAHETA e n'bpBara cepilo3Ha

KaHEilEarKa ra 6r4eqa Kpanilqa Ha Opauqran il c'bnpyra

na Qpexcxun npunq, rpafiHoro peueHile ce ornara Abnrospeue. Mex4yBpeMeHHo rfl l43pacrBa u ce npeBpbqa

B yMonoMpaqhrenHo KpacilBa Mna4a AaMa. Ha 13 ouu1769 r. xpan flyn XV ornpaBn o$raqnanxo npeAnoxe-

Hue/ Karo yroBopeHara Aara 3a cKrnqBaHe ua 6para e

16 mau 1770 r. Mapran-Ar-rroaHera e MHoro Mra4a, e,qBa

14-roguuua, a cbnpyrbr rl flyra-Onocr e He MHoro no-

TorflMr Ha nerHa4ecer togl4Hu. Epaxtr xa ra3u Mna4a

georira o6aqe ce cKnnqBa B ,4Mero Ha cbto3a Ha EBe Ebp-xaBu cbnepHilvxrrr - opanqnn u Aecrpun. ErgeqeroHa EBeTe MOHapXLil4 Beqe Ule

'lexil Ha KpexKilTe nneqil

ua Mapran-AnroaHera. Toea e raxoea rornuo 6peue,qe Aoplr Mapun-Tepeaa, BenilKara uMneparpilqa Ha

Aecrprn, 3anoqBa Aa ce rpeBoxil 3a cBoflra Abulepr.llpea epeuero Ao MoMeHra Ha ornbryBaHero na Mapun-

Anroanera aa Opar.rqran, Mapran-Tepera fl BuKa B cBoure

noKol4 fi re npeKapBar il3BecrHo BpeMe 3ae4Ho. Marirara

cfiKau ce onilTBa Aa HaBaKca BpeMeTo, KoeTo He ycnflBa

Aa orAenu Ha A-brqepn cil B no-paHHilre rl rogunu. l1o

BpeMe Ha re3u noceuleHrn Mapnn-Tepe3a ce onilrBa Aa

Hayvu Mapun-Anroauera KaKBo o3HaqaBa ga 6lge rpa-Jll4t.{a il KaKBo ce oqaKBa oT Hefl.

^ Ct,npyrrr xa Mapne-AHToaHera,

Qpeucxrnr nplrnq Iyr-OrncrTofi e il3BecreH cbc cBoflTa

cpaMexfl nBocT r HepeurTefl Hoct

,( Kaprnxa Ha MaAaM,qbo flounagyp.Ts e n3BecrHa c rongMoro cr BrrlnHuena4 xpan flyr XV 6e3 Hefl 6paKbr

Ha Maprfl-AHroaHera eABa nil61 6rn st:voxen.

^ KaprilHa or XIX B. u3o6pa3flsa 6pavrara qepeMoHilr na Maprn-Anroasera u $pencxur nprHq. TB'bpAil ce, qe Maprfl-AHToaHerace ycMrxBa npe3 qtnoTo BpeMe no Atnr!{fl nbT Ao qepeMoHr4tTa B

ABopeqa "Bepcari'i

Cneg pa:rnvnure eKcrpaBaraHruu 6anose u qepeMoHt4t4,

opraHil3ilpaHil ere BueHa B qecr Ha xeHilT6ara, Mapran-

Auroanera HanycKa cBonra pogilHa n 3aML4HaBa 3a"Bepcari'i

Kbgero F ovaxea QammuflTa Ha 6yp6oHr4Te. ToBa e nocneg-

HilFT nb1 Koraro rF Bt4x(Aa cBoffTa po4Ha 3eMfl, rufi raro

HilKora noBe're He ce 3aBpbula B ABcrpr,tfl. Ha7 r'tah 1770 r.

Kaperara h npucrra Ha eAilH ocrpoB Ha peKa PerZx, rugero

F nocpeula $pencxu ecropr. Ce4uuqa no-KbcHo, ua 14 viait

Mapran-AHroanera cpeula 3a nbpBt/t nbr cBofl cunpyr lyr,r-

Orrocl rrr xpan llyvr XV. lea gHra no-KbcHo, Ha 16 uati e geo-

peqa "Bepcafi" c nbneH 6nactx rtr Benr4qile npoTtaua 6pav-

Hara qepeMoHyrn. Cnope4 cnlD(oBere uag 6 000 rocl4 orqflnara crpaHa npilcbcrBar na xennr6ara, a qflnara Haqilfl

il3npaqa ceonre 6raronoxeraHr4fl ua 6r4eqrre xpan ur

Kpanr4lla ua Opanqrn.

Knreqoee flaqwoofttMAAAM EbO

Magam.Quo florvrnagyp e xeHara, KoflTo nonKpenfl u e AilpeKrHo BbBneqeHaB nperoBopilTe u opraHu3aqhnra ua xeHnr6ara Ha epqxepqoruHnra Maprn-AHtoanera n $pencrun npr,rxq flyrur-Orrccl B pe3ynrar Ha KoRTo flBere rq'bp-xaBil ce o6egnurear e uail-cvnHta cuo: a Espona.

Btnperu ve aecrpufrcrara uMneparpuqa Mapun-Tepe3a npegnpheMacepilfi or MepKu, Kor4To npeBp'bu{ar AbpxaBara B eAHa or Hafi-enunrenHrre e

Eapona, ctce4Ha flpycrzrr e nocrorHHo ronflMa 3anflaxa aa Aecrprn. Ero:arqoB To3rr MoMeHT eAuH cbto3 c Opanqran, crapufl Bpar Ha ABcrpl4fl, e il3Krtoqh-reflHo BaxeH 3a crpaHara. Bte Opaxqran Maprn-Tepe:a pa3qilra Ha noMou{Ta nnogKpenara na uagam,luo flounagyp. Tn 3anoqBa cBoff xr4Bor B ABopeqa Karoo$raqllanHa Merpeca Ha Kpar Ilyvt XY, Ho nocreneHHo pa3KpilBa nonilruqe-

noMnAAyPcKrte cv cnoco6nocru n am6wqun. Kpan llytA XV e gocra xecnoco6en B noru-Tu'recKu nraH u ur4poKo l43BecreH Qaxr e, ve ma4au .[oo florr,rna4yp 4lpnaKOHqilTe 3aA CqeHara.

llpe4u Havanoro Ha AilnnoMarilqecKnre nperoBopra Mapr,ln-Tepe3a niluJenucMo Ha nragau,[so noMflagyp, B Koero F Monh Aa npeAafle flilqHo nocnaHu-ero ri xa xparR. Magam flto flomna4yp e MHoro nol]acKaHa or Qarra, qe eAilHor Hafi-enuRrenHilTe cyBepeHu a Eepona nuue rr"bpBo na nen. Ero 3aulo rR nog-KpenF or qflrroro crl c'upqe uol6ara na Mapnn-Tepeea :a 6paxa Ha Hefrnara

rqbu{epfl c Spencxnn npilHq 14 nocraBn ro3r4 Bbnpoc npefl Kpanff. ly'urepecxo ega ce or6enexr, qe cbo3'br rvrexpy OpaHqraa v Aectpun, rorlro crtnncea qnnaEepona, e e 4eficreurentocr Aeno Ha re3r ABe aa6enexutennn 4aun.

He;aauen 6parc

3a una4ara Mapnn-Anroauera o6aqe ceueriHusr

xr4BoT ce oKa3Ba He ToBa, KoeTo oqaKBa, n TR ce qyBcTBa

He MHoro xonQoprxo B Ta3il cl4 ponR. flpuvuuure :aToBa ca nnoro. llrpeara e, qe cbnpyrrr rl flym-Orrocr e

ceKcyanHo He3pffn. Ero raqo ceAeM Abnril ro4lrHrl cneA

xeuur6ara Mnagara 4aorlra HffMa cbquHcKh ceKcyanHil

B3auMoorHouJeuvn. 3a Mapnn-AHroar.rera, vunro xafi-

ronfiMa oTroBopHocr e Aa poAr4 Hacne,qHuK Ha TpoHa,

ToBa e MHoro cepno3eH npo6neu, aa xoriro MHoro xopa

Br4Hrr Hefl.,[opu no-ronnn npo6neu o6aqe ce oKa3Bar

crporilre nypuTaHcKr4 rpa$Au't4n il KynTypHilTe pa3nh-

rr4n, ycraHoBeHil B ABopeqa "Bepcarl'i Tesu rpaAuqura

o6ce6ear genn rl - or MoMeHTa, e rorlro ce cu6yxga,

Ao MoMeHTa, e xotrro nRra Aa cnra. 3a Mapnn-Auroarera

e M3KnrcquTenHo rpyAHo Aa ce aAanrilpa KbM crpofoycraHoBeHure npaBnna uoxe 6u nopagr4 roBa, qe

h3pacrBa B Aocra ceo6o4nara il pa3nycHara aruocQepa

na aecrpurlcxus ABop. Crrnacno eruKera KpancKoro

ceMeticrso ilMa Aopr4 3agbnxeHuero BcRKa Beqep Aa ce

xpaHil npeA ny6nuxa. Tosil xilaor cbc crporlr npaBilna

He e HiluJo,qpyro, ocBeH HenpeKbcHaro crpaAaHile 3a

xil3HeHara MapuR-Anroanera.

3a nen o6aqe ce oKa3Ba Aoplr no-TpyAeH 3a pa3-

6rapaxe $axrrrl ue lyra XV eenmxilnr BnaAeren Ha

Opanqun, qnero uMe ri e uaeecrHo oqe or paHHa Aer-cKa B'b3pacl uMa Merpeca - MaAaM,[o 6apu, Konro e

c noBeqe or 30 ro4unu no-Mna4a or Hero, il Bct4r.tKll B

qP,i;,i,

ii iii iil!

lt; il::::i:l

^ Kaprusa ra uagau firc Sapn -Merpeca Ha Jlyn XV. Mapl4fl-AHToaHera

BflpBa, qe nprcbcTBl,teTo Ha MeTpecil

B ABopa e HenpocrtrMo fr 3apaAr

roea ry6n enpara u nrc6oara cvr

xtm xpan Ilyn XV.

- Kaprrsa c uacnexr 6or ua

gaopeqa "Bepcafi" or Haqanoro Ha

XVlll e. flaopeqrr e o6exr xa crporur

npaBuna il 3aKoHu u noAAbpxa cypoBpeg n o6craHoaxa, Ha Ko[To MnaAara

Maprr-Axroanera ce onrrBa Aa ce

npoTfrBonocTaBu c BcilqKI cpeAcTBa.

ABOpeqa npueMaT ToBa c'bBceM cnoKol4Ho 14 oTKpHTo.

3a $pencrran ABop Aa ilMau Merpeca e HflKaK cr1 npr4eM-

nhBo/ Ho 3a MnaAara Mapun-Anroaxera, KoflTo r,l3pacrBa

B qacrnilBo t,t 3aApyxHo ceMeficrBo, To3u Haq!4H Ha

xilBor e cpaMeH il no3opeH. Mxoro cxopo Bb3xLruleHH-

eTo, KoeTo Mapun-AuroaueTa h3nilrBa KbM Kpanf, ce

m3MecTBa or npe3peHile u oTBpaqeHue. 6ea 4a nr'la xa

Koro Aa pa3qilTa ilnil Aa qyBcrBa 6nv3bK, xhBorbr Ha

Mapran-Anroauera craBa r43onilpaH u uonoroueH. TR ce

qyBcTBa MaIKO nO-yroTHO B KOMnaHURTa Ha CeCTpr/Te Ha

cbnpyra ri, Ho ra cbxaneHile npilHqecuTe h3o6ulo He fl

xapecBaT. Brnpexra qe ce AbpxaT npuffrencKh c Hef, He

nponycKaT HrTo eAHa Bb3MoxHocT Aa 3fiocroBflr 3aA

rrp6a rl u Aa r Hapilqar c o6nAHu r/MeHa.

C reqeuue Ha BpeMero npo6neMilTe Ha 6paKa H3nh-

3aT HaflBe il CTaBaT U3BeCTH[4 3a xopaTa B ABOpeqa.

Buecro Aa norbpcnT AericrBilTenHure npiltl,4H14 3a re3H

npo6neum, BcilqKh npuABopHr4 o6BilHRBar aBcrphr4-

cKaTa npuHqeca 3a He3pflnoro ri noBeAeHr4e u oTHo-

ureHue KbM MnaAufl ra crnpyr. Mapun-Auroar.rera He e

AOCTaTbqHO qyBCrBr/TenHa Unil MbApa, 3a fla pearnpa

Ha cuTyaquflra/ il npoAbaxaBa Aa ce Abpxr Karo pa3-

rne3eHo ManKo MoMr4qe. Tn ne o6ptqa nogo6aeaqoro

BHUMaHfie Ha nO-Bb3paCTHilTe AaMil Or apilCTOKpa-

L\vtra v 3apagh roBa ry6il nrc6oBTa il noAKpenara Ha

BaxHil xeHu or ABopqoBr4r aHTypax. B roar,r neprog, ua

8 touv 1773 r. Mapnn-AuroaHera il cbnpyrbr rl ce ornpa-

Bnr Ha oouqilanHo noceqeHue B flapilx. Llepemonunra

no nocpeulaHero e opraHil3r4paHa Hari-BHr4MarerHo 14

u3KycHo. fpa4tr e o63er or npilnoBAilrHara aruocQepa

il rpaxAaHfiTe nocpeqar c eHTycua3bM n ro6oe xpacr-Bara Mraga npilHqeca or ABcrpnn. Mapun-AHroauera,Lrt4tiTo xt4Bor B-bB "Bepcafi" e npoBan or caMoro Haqaflo,

ce enllt6ea Haqaca B llaprax ra oT To3t4 MoMeHT HaraTbK

ro noceu.laBa peAoBHo, TonKoBa qecro, KonKoro ri e no:-BoneHo. [pax4ar.rrare Ha napux o6ilqar HefiHilTe noce-

u{eHilfl t4 c yAoBoncTBile il B'b3xr4uleHme cneAflT MnaAara,

ereraHrHa il KpacilBa npilHqeca.

..:,it

'r _

.^.t t,-' 'lr r-

lonna KtAHflra Ha gBope Ua " Bepcafi"18-roAnmuara KpaJrr{qa

MuHeeAT qETI4plI follllHtd or npilcrilraHero Ha

Mapran-Auroanera BbB Opaxqran Karo cbnpyra Ha

nphHqa HacneAHnK. Ha 1 0 prayr 1774 r. aeilwtar cBeKbp

xpan llyv XV yruupa BHe3anHo or e4pa u:apra. llprauq

Iyra-Orrocr e KopoHoBaH 3a Kpan Ha Opauqrn no4rraero lytzt XVI n e4ea oceMHaAecerroAytuHa, Mapran-

AHroanera craBa Kpanilqa. Merpecara sa nororinuRKpan MaAaM ,{ro 6apra, cBl4KHana Aa ce Abpxr Karo

HeKOpOHOBaHa Kpanhqa/ e il3foHeHa or ABopeqa, ocBo-6ox4aearhxra Mflcroro 3a Mnagara Kpanilqa.

Cropo cne4 Karo noeMa o3Arre Ha Bnacrra, Mapran-

Autoanera 3anoqBa Aa npoMeHR crapilTe tpa1t ltAtA tA

nopflAKu B ABopeqa "Bepcari" cnopeA co6creeHure cn

npeAnoqilraHnfl il BKycoBe. Hanpnrr,rep Ao ro3m MoMeHT

caMo qneHoBere Ha KpancKoto ceMericreo hMar npaBo

Aa Be'repflT c Kpanfl. Mapun-Anroanera o6ave npaelr

TaKa, qe Aa e Bb3MOXHO Aa KaHil npilflTenu Ha Kpan-

cKara rpane3a. Tr opratn:upa cbulo HRKolKo rea-rpanHu npeAcraBneHuF ,r ABe raHqoBlr ea6ash Ha

cepMuqa. Kpannqara il3nor3Ba cBoero Blt4flHne AaorcrpaHh BilflH14 LlapeABopqr/ or ABopa, BKnoqilrerHono-crapilTe u no-MbApure, KaKTo 14 BcvtttKtA, 6nusKA Ha

noxohtun xpan llyn XV. Tn ce orHacff Aocra xnagHo

KbM CeCTpLrTe Ha cBofl cbnpyr, Kol4To HilKora He ff npfi-eMar Karo nbrHonpaBeH qfieH Ha rFXHoro ceMeficreo.

llpuHqecrare ca noqru npfiHy4eHil Aa ce orremflr oro6qecreetmn xilBor B ABopeqa, 3a Koero Hl4Kora He

npoqaBar na Mapran-AxroaHera. 3acernaru, re 3anoq-

BaT Aa pa3npocTpaHFBaT CAyXOBe 3a l-1l|AqH'li.fl XI/BOT Ha

KpanullaTa u no-KbcHo Te3m 3nocTHt4 KnoKu ce 3aBp-b-

ular il R npecneABar.

Koraro craea oQuqraanuo Kpanuqa na Opanqran,

Mapun-AHroanera nuue nilcMo Ao ceolra uarlra,B Koero m3pa3sBa 6narogapuocrra cu 3a roBa, qe era:6pana 4a 6uge BragerenKa ua uari-xpacueara Abp-xaaa e ceera. B orroBop pa3TpeBoxeHara uafixa Mapran-

Tepera ce onilTBa Aa HanoMHrr Ha cBoflra At u.lepn 3a

orpoMHara oTroBopHocl KoFro Hocil eAHa Kpanuqa.Kpanraqara rpn6ea 4a 6r4e MilnocruBa t4 3arp[4xeHa

i

aa ctg6ara Ha Apyrilre il,qa He ce no4AaBa Ha noBeAe-

Hile, Koero 6u nomo 4a 6r4e cqereHo ra 6eaparcupuo.Trri xaro o6ave ura4ara xeHa e Ha Bbpxa Ha cBoflra

cnaBa, Tff ne o6ptqa flocrarbqHo BHLlMaHile Ha AyMhrena uailxa cu. Cera Mapmn-AnroaHera e AoMaKhHfl Ha

BeflilqecTBeHilF ABOpeq h He ce nuuaBa or BITAAHVI-

ero na a6colrorHara Bnacr. f1o epeuero, xoraro noxori-Hrflr Kpan e xhB, Tfl e npocTo npilHqeca u xopara ue fio6pur4ar e 4eficranrennocr ronflMo euunanue. Cne4

xaro o6aqe craBa Kpanrqa, BuHaril e cneflBaHa or rbnnanpilABopHl4, Kol4To ce on[TBar Aa cneqenflT Herinoro6naroeoneHile.

^ KopoHrcBaHeTo Ha Kpan

Ilyn XVl. lopil B ra3tr ctrryaqtlflHeAopa3yMeHrff Ta r npo6neunreua 6para uex4y llyn XVI r Mapun-AHroasera He orulyMfl Bar.

;,{,I

i')l

.t

, t,j

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d -,t,I;I .'r

.-'i i" i ";| ,:. "'': i'ii I{i .-' r:r'I ., :.\ ,ii { .,

ii.

ffi

Jlu't li u ift o M e..t+'t{!.tr ttt

[o6pe u:eecrHo e, ue Mapnn-AuroaHera o6nva ga xapvn

roneMil cyMt4 napn. Bcnra rogilHa rff nopbrrBa orono 170

poKmA v KynyBa orpoMHr4 KorrlqecrBa 6tnxyra v aKcecoapr.

O6uva crr4o il xa3apra.

Tn Hacnegnsa flpacfia KbM xa3apra or cBoilTe po4ilTenu.

6aqa fi xapvra napilTe neKoMucneHo, Karo Aoprl il3rpax(qa 3oo-

.norhqecKa rpaAuHa B ABopeqa srs BneHa, a uarixa rl o6rava ga

3anara Ha xa3aprnr rarpn. Te o6aqe ycnffBar Aa noKpuffr pa3xo-

Anre cn, Karo opraHil3r/par caMocroRreleH 6n:Hec il He AoKoc-

Kpaluqara cbc cr,MHrrreJrHaperyTarluq

l'1pea 1775 r., eflHa rogr4Ha cne4 Karo craBa Kpanuqa

na Opanqran, Mapnn-Anroanera cpeu.la eneraHTHa AaMa

c apucroKparilqeH npoil3xoE, rruero ilMe e xepqorrHfl

luo florunnx. Tn e xpacuea u oqapoBarerHa xeHa,

KoFTo Ha Mhra npuBrr,4rra Mna4ara Kpanr4qa. Mapun-

AnroaHera ce onilrBa Aa 3a4bpxr4 ABaAecer u uecr-

roAvrrlHara xepqorrHn 6rr,rso go ce6e cn. B xpafir.ra

cMerKa Aoplr r KaHil Aa xilBee B ABopeqa "Bepcah" v

or ro3n MoMeHT HararbK KpancKara $per.rcxa $amnnun3anoqBa Aa nnaula orpoMHr4 napuqHil cyMr4, 3a Aa noA-

noMara ceAaericreoro Ha xepqornHR luo flonunnr.Maplln-Anroanera e cnrHo npilBneqeHa u or Marh-

nra ua llapux, Kb4ero rpa4cKfinr rL-ryv r,r 6esrparinrare

y4oBoncrBl4n n3nbnBar arrraoc$epara. fpaQ ['Aproa,rafi-ura4unr 6par na uefiuns cbnpyr flyu XVl, e ronflM

np6nren Ha yAoBoncrBllnra, xorlro npeKapBa no-rorff-Mara qacr or BpeMero cu e llapux. Kasear, qe Mapun-

Arroanera qecro npilApyxaea rpa$.{'Aproa npu nbry-

BaHhrra uy e llaprax il npeKapBa BpeMero raM B noce-

u.leHilfl Ha TeaTpanHil nocTaHoBKLr, TaHqm Ha BerilKo-

nenHil 6aroee, B vtpvt Ha xa3apr u nrc6oeHu cpeu{u c

ula4n 6naropo4Hylql4. lzlrr'ra 4opra cnyvav, Koraro rr He

ce Bpbula B ABopeqa c 4nu. llpu egtztH noBog ce Bpbu]a

or rpaAa u BeAHara A3nA3a Ea A3Avt, Ho He npeAil Aa

orMeHil BaxHm cpeqil, ypegeHil Meceqfi no-paHo.

KPA,lt4qATA, KOf TO O5t4r{A XA3APTA

Bar AbpxaBHil cpeflcrBa. Or 4pyra crpaHa Maprn-AHroaHera

e flocra pa3nnqHa;3a cbxaneHile rfl HacneAflBa camo Qauun-Hara crpacr 3a xapqeHe Ha napil, Ho He n eHeprnvHnre 6ul-Hec cnoco6Hocrn.

llpe4nonara ce, ve Kpanilqara ra Opauqun ce or4aBa qecro

ua no4o6Ho noBefleHue, onutaahxu ce Aa il3pa3il cBoffTa

caMora il rHflB KbM 6e:pa:nuvnero Ha cbnpyra att, xoittoBMeCTO Aa npeKapBa BpeMero cl4 c Hef, npeAno'.il4T4 Aa orilAeHa floB.

lloerpxHocrHoro orHoueHile Ha MapilR-AHroaHera

KaKTo KbM xl4Bora, TaKa il KbM :aguxerurra tl ua

Kpanilqa nopaxAaT oTpl4qaTenHil '.ryBcTBa KbM Hefl

He caMo B ABopeqa "Bepcail", Ho 14 B cbceAHuTe Abp-xaeh. Ikc6oera u yBaxeHhero Ha xopara KbM Kpacil-

BaTa MnaAa Kpanilqa 3anoqBaT nocTeneHHo Aa m3qe3BaT.

Ilcrnncrca ABofrKa

Mapran-Tepeaa, uarirara Ha Mapiln-AHToaHera, e

cunHo pa3rpeBoxeHa or Qaxra, ve cne4 ce4eM ro4ilHl4

6par 4rqepn fi unna geqa. Tn ce o6pur4a c mon6a xuvr

Hari-roneMilF cu cuH - 6ugeqran ilMneparop lzloaeQ ll

Ea nocerrr cecrpa ch eue OpaHqun. Mapun-Anroaxera

AoBepRBa Ha cBoR 6par ecnvro no orHoueHue r.ra $raera-qecKara Hecnoco6Hocr Ha Kpanr Aa mMa Aeqa, cne4

Koero ilo3e$ ce 3axBau.la :a pa6ora, Karo AaBa Ha cec-

Tpa ch HrKoLr cbBeril no npo6nerua. Ha ntpeo uncrorora ra npe4aea cBoero nuqHo il Ha rrxHara MatiKa noc-

raHhe, qe eAHa cbnpyra He rpfl6Ba HilKora Aa ry6uyea-xeHue KbM cBoff cbnpy[ He3aBilcl4Mo oT Bb3HLtKHa-

nilTe o6croffTercrea. llo-rtcHo rofi pa3roBapF HacaMe

w c llyu XVl, aa 4a ce onura Aa ycraHoBl4 npuquHara 3a

npo6neua, xoRro no o6u1o MHeHile ce cBbpasa c o6cron-

Te'lCTBO, KOeTO Hafiara MUHUMaIHa OnepaTilBHa HaMeCa.

Creg paarosopa c Kpanff, tzlose$ cr,r rpbrBa y4oBnerBo-

peH or roBa, KoeTo HayqaBa. B peaylrar Ha HeroBara

HaMeca, cegeM ropuHr4 cne4 xeHur6ara, npe3 aBrycr

1777 r. Mapua-Arroasera u llyu XVI rorcyrvrr,rpar oSra-

qilarHo cBoF 6paK u ce npeBpbrqar B LrcrlrHcKt4 cbnpyril cbnpyra.

,( Kapruna na Maprn-Anroanera no BpeMe Ha e3Aa.

Tt,fr xaro xo6nrara Ha cr'npyra rI ca noeysaxero n

uflocepcTBoTo, Tfl TpyAHo HaMnpa pa3BneqeHrlfl,

Ha KOilTO Aa MOraT Aa Ce HaCIaXAaBaT 3aerqHo.

) lZo:eQ tl - 6partr ua Mapnn-AHroanera.

Cne4 xaro Hayvasa rarinara na xpancxara peoitxa,

rorl npe4npueua neta6aexr 4eicrern,:a ga

noMorHe 3a nogo6pnsaHero Ha xnBora Ha cBoflTa

cecrpa. B pe3ynrar Ha HeroBara HaMeca tlyil XVI n

Mapnr-Anroanera xoncynnpar oQnqilanHo cBoq

6pax cneg cepem roghH14 ct,BMecreH xtrBor

^ lpaenpa or XIX e. u:o6pa:raa 4allror eucuero o6qecrBo, nrpaeuil Kaprv

Mapnn-AnroaHera uacnegnsa no6oaraKbM xa3apra or ceosra uaixa.

^ Mapus-Auroauera cBrpil Ha

ap$a e peopeqa. CneA Karo craBa

Kpanhqa, Tfl 3anocBa ApacTilqHo Aa

npoMeHfl cTporn9 Haql/lH Ha xuBoT

B ABopeqa cnope4 co6crserrre cn

npeEnocnTaHnfl.

Ma pvtn-AHroaHera u{e 6uge npegarqeHaAncrpufircara

HAI:i-Harpeq [pE3 1778 t Mapran-Anroaxera ra6pe-MeHflBa il paxAa Abulepn. Hapuva n Mapu-TeperU.Japnor. Cera sari-cerue rR e cnoco6na 4a ugnunnu uafi-BaxHoro ch 3agbnxeHile Ha Kpanilqa. CtqeepemennonoBeAeHilero Ha Mapnn-AuroaHera, Koero e 4ocra 6e:-oTroBopHo t/ cBoeBonHo, ce cqilTa 3a HenoAXoAFu.lo 14

HenpileMnnBo 3a eAHa Kpant,lqa r.ra OpaHqran il KaKTo

noAaHilqilTe il, raxa w npr4BopHltre it n xpurnxyaatOparqyenre 3anoqBar Aa ocbxAar eKcrpaBaraHrHocrra

14 neKoMucnnero fi mnoro no-cl4lHo or MoMeHTa, B

xorTrro craga Kpanuqa.

llper 1778 r. OpaHqmn e il3npaBeHa npe4 npo6-neM c MHoro cna6a xurra peKonra nopagu ue6raro-npvnrHn armocQepHr ycnoltn ra 6tpso noKaqBaHe

Ha qeHnre 3apaAil ,tKoHoMuqecKara peqecnn. HeqonoBeqe, Spanqysrare nnaqar orpoMHn AaHbqn, Kouro

ce ,43non3Bar ra $ranancrapane ua Bofrnara 3a He3a-

Bhcr4Mocr e Auepuxa. Curyaqranra B crpaHara e flocraHanperHara, Ho Aopll npil re3u o6croRrencrea Mapran-

Asroanera cqura 3a Heo6xo4muo fla opraHil3upah3KnrcqilTerHo cKbna LlepeMoHLlF B qeCT Ha paxAaHeTo

Ha np[HqecaTa, KoeTo ecrecTBeHo oTHoBo nopaxAaoMpa3ara Ha xopara. Konxoro u Aa e crpaHHo, Mapun-Anroauera, KoflTo He ycnnea Aa Bb3npueMe rpyAHnn

xl4Bor Ha QpaHqyarare, He oqaKaa raKoBa rouo orHo-[JeHUe OT CTpaHa Ha noAaHilqilTe KbM npa3HeHcTBOTO.

Aecrpuficrnnr nocnaHilK ete Opanqrzrn, xorlro pa16npa,qe peaKqilflTa Ha xopaTa ce Abnxil Ha rflxHara oMpa3a

KbM yrorqHilLlecKilfl xl4BoT Ha KpanfiqaTa, cnoAelff c

Hefl ToBa ch npeAnonoxeHue, Koero o6aqe e orxBbp-r eHo no4o6aea r4o. Ha n pola a, Ma pran-Auroa Hera n po-

AbnxaBa Aa xapqh napil, KaTo h3pa3xoABa orpoMHa

cyMa, 3a Aa peMoHrilpa KparcKara Bilna, HapeqeHa

"Manxua Tpraanon'i KoFTo Hacne4ffBa cneg cMbprra Ha

- KapruHa or XVlll e. n:o6pa:raa pax4aHero Ha npux4 flyn-Xo:e@ npe: 1 782 r. CbrnacHo rpa4rqhu{Te ra QpeHcxoro xpancxocemeicreo rpanrqara rpn6aa ga po4r npeg ny6ruKa. Kpafl Jlyil XVIorMeHfl To3t4 o6rqata, xaro ce npor!4BonocraBF Ha nAerra KpanilqaraAa paxAa AeLlara cff npeA ABopt-loBaTa aptrcroKpaqilF.

Ilyr XV. Tara uuero Mapnn-Anroar.rera craBa cuHoHt4M

Ha AyMara "pa3roq urencreo'i

Crr4ara roAuHa Mapran-AHroaHera craBa npuqilHa3a ilHrlr/AeHT, c xofiro oule BeAHbx ry6ra ceon npec-

Trx Karo Kpanilqa Ha Opar.rLy,rn. Bcrqro ce cnyqBa B

MoMeHra, xoraro Mapnn-Tepe:a ra lzlo:eQ ll, xorro nna-

Hilpar Aa 3aB3eMar npoBt4HLlLlR Eaeapran e lepmaHun,

ilcKar BoeHHa no4Kpena or Opar.rrlran. Aecrpun ce

onuTBa Aa ce Bb3noI3Ba oT npuflTencKuTe cil B3ailMo-

orHoueHilr c OpaHqrn. Mapnn-AnroaHera HacroflBa

cbnpyrbr fi 4a npr,rervre uon6ara na narlxa il u 6par u.

Ilyn XVI ce xone6ae 4ar v Aa v3npartl BoeHHa noMou.l, Ho

Mapran-Auroanera npegnpileMa caMa geficreun, xaroBrri43a B npeKil pa3roBopil no Bbnpoca c QpeHcxranMr4Hr4crbp no BoeHHilTe Bbnpoct4 u ce cpeqa rafttoc aecrpwitcnttn nocraHilK. leficreunra fi ce oqeHnsarxaro xparluo HenpueMnuBLt 3a Kpanilqara ua OpaHqran.

Karo ve sa ga Bnouil cr/TyaLlhflTa, npe3 1785 r. Mapran-

Anroasera npeAil3Bt4KBa cnop c Aocra noul Ll3xoA 3a HeF

- rn e o6neeHa 3a "Bpar na Opanrlran'i Koraro AecrpnnBnfi3a BbB eoriHa c XonauguR, Koflro e EbpxaBa -cbro3H14K na Opanqran, Kpanilqara il34aBa noBepurenHa

nn$oprvrarlran e rafiHa cpeqa cbc ceon 6par t/oseQ ll,

xoriro e 6tger4e 6n morun Aa craHe Bpar Ha Opanqran.

Heqo noeeve - rfl ce o6ptr4a xrrrit flyra XVI or uneroHa tzloreQ ll c rr,ron6a Oparqran ga o6nera Heyrparilrere aacrpurlcxo-xoraHgcKlln cnop. Xoran4l4r, KoFTo e

cilnHo pa3oqapoBaHa or cBofl cbto3Ht4K Opar.rqran, ne

Moxe Aa npeAnpileMe Hilqo Apyro, ocBeH Aa onura Aa

ilg6erHe aotlHata c AecrpuR, Karo nraril KoMneHcaqfiil,qacr or Kouro ca nnareHh u or Opar.rqnn.

Cne4 xaro rafiunre 4ericreun na Mapun-AlroaueraKaro Abqepr Ha ilMneparpmqara Ha Aecrprr, a He Karo

Kpanuqa na Opanrlran, craBar uilpoKo l43BecrHl4, Tfl ce

^ Mapr-Tepe: [1]apnor - nbpBopo.q-Hara Alrqepfl, n Ilyr-Xo:eQ -tat)t-roneuugr crg ga

Mapun-AuroaHera.

- "Manrnnr Tpuasou'ipa3nonoxeH na 2 xu or paopeqa"Bepcah", e ygo6no y6exrar4esa Mapun-AuroaHera.

npeBpbu.la B MilureHa Ha flpocTHaTa KphTuKa Ha opaH-r.ly3hre. B rosn neprao4 Tr nonyqaBa npnxopa "aecrpmfi-

xara". Bunperu Bcr/'r'tKo rF He Moxe ga par6epe npilqu-HUTe, nopaAil KOT4TO fl KpXTl4KyBaT, il CnOpeA TBbpAeHr-

nra nura: "Xopa, KaKBo 3a 6ora cuu nanpaeuna?"

"A$epara c AuaMaHreHara orbpnilqa" or 1785 r.

e TrnilqeH npilMep 3a roBa KonKo HenonynfpHa e

Mapun-Axroanera cpe4 xopara. "A$epara" npegcraB-

nrBa u3MaMa, cBbp3aHa cbc cKbna ofbpnulla il e 3aMuc-

neHa or rpaQuun luo na Mor (Xana ,quo Banoa), xonro

cbc ctoxeH, BHhMarerHo o6mmcneg m r3nbrHeH nraH

ycnflBa Aa u3MaMn xaxro Mapun-AHToaHera, taxanllyuPene Egyap4 - KapguHan fluo PoaH. Poau e xapgranan

na Crpac6ypl Ho orKpt4ro t43pa3flBa cBoero xenaHile Aa

cTaHe Mr4Hr4crbp B KpancKuF ABop 'l

oTAaBHa qaKa nofl-

Bara Ha Bb3MoxHocr Aa cneqenu 6naropasnonoxeuu-

ero Ha Kpanuqara. fpaSr,rnn luo na Mo1, Korro ce xBaru

cbc cBoilre 6nusxn orHoueHufl c Mapun-AuroaHera u

3Hae 3a xenaHuero ua Poan, Ka3Ba, qe e vyna ea 6raxy-

rep, xofiro ucKa na npoAaAe Ha KpanuqaTa eAHa il3Knlo-qurerHo cKbna AuaMaHreHa orbpnuqa. Heseponrnara

r4HTpilraHrKa npe4nara xerinuRr rp6osFtr4x Abo PoaH

Aa Bne3e B ponnTa ua Qraxaucoe rapaHT Ha Kpanuqara n

Aa ypeAu noKynKara Ha orbpnuqara or sefiuo uue, rurixaro MapuR-AHToaHera He e cKnoHHa Aa Kynil Heu.lo

TorKoBa cKbno B MoMeHl Koraro AbpxaBrmre $uHaHcrca B TaKoBa oKaflHo cbcToflHile.

B rosil earoeop Mapran-AHToaHera, xaro na6egen

KynyBaq Ha orbpnuqara, cTaBa xepTBa Ha uHTpl4fuTe Ha

rpaQunnra. Bunpexr,r roBa noflaHrLlure ca cKnoHHr4 AaBflpBaT Ha KIlloKUTe il 3flOCTHilTe KneBeTil nO OTHOUe-

Hhe Ha yqacrhero Ha Kpanuqara e aQepara. Xopara ca

retp4o y6e4enu, ve Maprn-AnroaHera, B xenaHilero o4

Aa nonyqil orbpnilLlaTa, ce onhTBa Aa ce Bb3non3Ba oT

HauBHocrra Ha KapgilHan luo Poau vper rpaQuun luona Mor Karo nocpegHuK l4lr4 qe 3arara KanaH sa Poan

3apa4u roBa, qe He ce noAAaBa Ha ueriurs vap. flo ynra-

Llilre Ha flapux lanovea fla ce pa3npocrpaHnBa Aopl4

^ fpaQ Xasc Axcen Qor Oep:er -np6ogxnxtr sa Mapnr-AHToaHera.

Ka:aa1 ue roi r o6rva npe: qenrr cn

xhBoT h HnKora He ce xeHil, KaTo fi

ocraBa npeAaH Ao Kpai.

carupr4qeH nauQner c HenpunilqHo cbgbpxaHme, KoliTo

pa3Ka3Ba .qpaMaruqHara vcroput na Mapun-AuroaHera

il KapAuHan ,[uo Poan, Kor4To rafiHo ce cpeqar 3aA eA]rH

xpacr. Toru cfiyqafi yrBbpxgaBa HanbrHo o6pa3a Ha

qyxAeHKara Mapun-Anroauera, c npflKop "aBcrpl4ri-

Kara", vrA craea narir-mpa3eHara xeHa BbB OpaHqhfl.

Ilrpnara u rocJreAHa Jrr06oB HaKpaJrr.rrIaTa

Mapun-AnroaHera HilKora ue o6prqa oco6eno

ronfMo BHhMaHue Ha Kpurr4KilTe. Tn noceeqaea ocraHa-

nara qacr or cBoR KparbK xr4Bor Ha nto6oeHure aQepra,

B Kot4To ce BbBrr4qa. lz'luero ua nerlnnR ro6oeHilx e

rpaS Xanc Arcen Qon Oepaelr, ulBeAcKr4 6raropo4xrax

na cnyx6a ere Opanqrn. lnauara ce cpeqar 3a nbpBlr

nbr Ha oceMHaflecerroflr4uHa Bb3pacr. 9ernpu roAHHx

cne4 nbpBara ilM cpeula, xoraro (Dou Oepseu noceqaBagsopeqa "Bepca ri" ra eropra nt1 Ma pun-AuroaHera BeA-

Hara ro pa3no3HaBa. llo roea BpeMe rR e Beqe Kpanhqa

ra e 6peuenua c nbpBoro cil Aere.

llpea 1780 r. Oon Oepren ce

npilcbe4ilHffBa rcru QpeucxaraapMtAF tri 3aMuHaBa ra Auepuxa,

3a Aa ce cpaxaBa ete BofiHara 3a

He3aBucr4Mocr. f1o-x'ucuo, xoraro

paz6npa, qe He Moxe Aa xuBee

6ea Mapun-AHroaHera, roi ce

3aBpbula eue Opanqran. Bpurrara

My c KpanuqaTa npoAbnxaBa Aonefrnara currpr.

( Mapnfl-Tepe3a - MafrKara

Ha Mapur-AHToaHera.

MarlKara ,4 Abu.{epsra cilpa3MeHar nrlcMa 1 1 roAnHn.

Pacm-dqHa

NUCMATA, KOI4TO C14 PA3MEHf,T

lzluneparprqara ra Ascrpun Mapnn-Tepeta. oqeBuAHo ct4nHo pa3rpe-BoxeHa :a 6rgeqero Ha cBoFTa Abqeps, o6eqaaa 4a fi nuute BeAHbxMecei{Ho. flpuvuxara 3a roBa e, qe yqilTen ta Mapun-Auroanera e a6arBepuon, Haer u u3nparen ot llyn XV 4a n Hayqu Aa 6l4e 4arvra, gocrorlxaAa craHe cbnpyra xa flyu XVI u Kpanuqa xa Opaxqnn. Ycunuara xa Bep-wtox o6aqe ca Hanpa3Hu, rufi raro MnaAara epqxepqoruHn u3rnex4axecnoco6na Aa ce orbpBe or crapilTe cu HaBilqu u npogbnxaBa Aa ce

Abpxm KaKTo BnHatu. Pagussara Ha nucMa ce na3u e rafiHa or Qpex-cKoro KpancKo ceMerircrso. Bcr4qro roBa ce cnyqBa B MoMeHTa, KoraroOpanqun u Aecrpun cKrtoqBar cbto3 cneA Abnbr nepilo.q ua xox$nuxruu apax4e6xocr.3a ga He ce npe.qil3BilKar noAo3peHVA, cne1 Karo nuc-Mara ca u3npareHil go bproxcen - cronuqara xa 6enrrn, KoflTo no roBa

MATTKATA t Abt4EPf,TA

BpeMe npilHagrexil Ha Aecrpun, re ce cMecear xega6enfl3aHo c pa3nu'{Hu

ArnnoMaruqecKu noKyMeHTil u ce u3npaqar xa Maprn-AxroaHera qpe3

aectpuitcxua nocraHuK, rorlro cnyxu e geoper4a "Eepcaft".Kopecnou4enqurra Mex4y rrrarlxara h Abu{epflra npogbnxaBa 11

roAuHvl ot '1770 - roA[Hara, B Korro ce oMbxBa Mapun-Atroanera, Ao1780 * ro4ranara, B KoflTo yrvrrapa Mapran-Tepera,6eg sHaxrero Ha Kpan-cxara $peucxa Qauunrn.

flvrcuara cb4bpxar rauQoprvraqun 3a exe.qHeBHnre cu6uruR. Mapun-Tepeaa nocronHHo npeflyrrpex4aBa u cbBerBa Abu{epfl cr4 flo BchqKt4

npo6nervrra il ce onurBa Aa fl Haflbl4 B roBa KaK.qa ce Abpxrl Karo Kpanuqa.Xenaxusra xa Mapran-Tepe3a Karo traira o6aqe ca Hanpa3Hu - B cneABa-u{ure roAvr H yr Ma pun-Anroa tera cpeu{a rorff Ma Henonynfl pHocr.

lAz6yxBaHero na OpeHcKara peBon ollt/nMapnn-AHToaHera BJrr{3a BTIOJIIITIIKATA

C:rn4 tzsz r MArI4I-AHTOAHETA, Korro He ce ilHrepe-cyBa or noflhTl4Ka, e 3aAbrxeHa KaTo Kpaflilqa Aa noMara

Ha cBofl cbnpyr xpan llyw XVI npu pa3peuaBaHero

Ha pa3nilqHil AunnoMarrqecru npo6reuu cpeuly cBo-

fra Borr. llpur onpe4enesn o6croRrencrBa AoBepeHLtKpancKn cbBeTHilqt4 yMilpar eAuH cneA Apyr, a cenara

h 3eMeAeIcKl4Te cTOnaHCTBa Ca pa3OpeHU 3aparqu cna-

6ara xurua peKonra. B 4ontrueHre KbM Beqe 3arpy4He-

HaTa cilTyaqilf, l4KoHoMilKara u3naAa B cepilo3Ha peqe-

cnn, npvqrAHeHa oT HaManeHoTo TbpceHe Ha npoAyKTLt

MecTHO npoil3BOACTBO 14 yBenil'leHilf BHoc Ha eBTilHt4

npo4yKn4 or AurnuR. Orgenr.ro or roBa HaqiloHafiHara

xa3Ha e xa pr6a Ha 6anrpyra nopagm orpoMHr4re cpeg-crBa, Kol4To ce il3nor3Bar 3a cnoHcopt4paue Ha Borinara

3a He3aBilcuMocr e Aueprra.llpra rerra o6croRrencrea Ilyra XVI u3naAa B 6esilgxo-

4rqa, 6er Aa 3Hae KaKBo Aa npaera. Mapran-Auroanera,

Koflro He Moxe Aa ocraHe npocro Ha6nogaren, rocbBerBa Aa no4Kpenu Elzren [JJapn floueuu 4uo Epraen

- KaronrqecKu apxuenilcKon, xoriro npunagnexil KbM

peQopnucrxara Qparqran, 3a rnaBa Ha (DilHaHcoeils

cteer. llpe4noxeHmero fi e npuero. 6puen or csoncrpaHa npileMa Mapurn-AuroaHera 3a qneH Ha ynpaB-

rflBaHara or Hero vHcruryqvtfl. Karo pesynrar Mapran-

Auroaxera e npilHy4eHa Aa noeMe noflrrilqecKil orro-BopHocrll, Kollro onpegenRr 6r4eqero Ha Opauqran,

MaKap il npoTLtB cBOFTa Bonfl.

Xopara, koilro sHasr ve Mapran-AHroaHera no4no-

) lloprper Ha Mapilr-AHToaHera B nut4Ha

poKnfl. Kpanuqara, KoflTo HflMa HrKaKBn

no:Hannr e o6nacm HanonvrnKar4noAnoMara affiBHo cBo9 cbnpyf npn

B3eMaHeTO Ha nOIIt4ThCeCKh peueHr1fl,3a AanoMoTHe 3a 3ana3BaHeTO Ha KpancKat? BnacT,

^ KapuKarypa ua Maprn-AuroaHera,u:o6pa:ena Karo xapnufl - rpa6nneocyAoBilqe oT rpbqKafa MnTonorrfl,chMBonh3upar4o "anqHocrra': fpaxAaHureft ce nogurpasal Karo I Hapncar"aBcrpuhKara".

r Brpxy:evure ua "ManKilr TpuaHoH"-unctoto, o6oxaeaxo or Maprr-AHroaHera,e nocrpoeHo o6pa3qoBo cero.

Mara Kpanfl npil B3eMaHeTO Ha nonilTmqecKil peuleHilf

o6aqe, ranoqear Aa rBbppr1, qe "Kpanuqara ynpaBnnBa

crpaHara uu", vlpalneaitKl4 orKpylro cBorra HeHaBilcruI

oMpa3a KbM Her. 3a rpaxpannre na OpaHqun Qarrrrlqe i/eAHa noKBapeHa aectpwilxa" B3ilMa Bnacrra B cBol4

pbqe/ noqril ugMecreafixu Kpanr, e npocro HenpileMnilB.

llpe4 lraqero Ha KpuruqHara QunaHcoea aAryaqv+ u

crpaAaulfire or 6egrocr xopa Mapran-AHroaHera ocb3-HaBa Eo KaKBa creneH Qpencxrare KpancKlt oco6u, exnlc-trlrrerHo u ra, npere6perBar rpax4arure. Or ro:yrMoMeHr HararbK TF ce npoMeHR. llpexparnea cBoff pa3-

TO']LrTeneH HaquH Ha xuBoT 14 CnecTFBa foneMil napuqHil

cyMlr, Karo npocro opr3Ba 6o4xerure cil sa o6nexnou ue6enupoexa, a cbqo c-bKpaqaBa ApacrhqHo pa3xo-

Ailre 3a noA4pbxKa Ha cBoilre KoHtolxHt4. KpanrqaraHaMarflBa 6pon ua cnyrvre, xouro pa6ornr e"ManxuaTpuanon" u cnupa 3araraHilflTa il opraHil3llpaHero Ha

6anoee B KpancKilfl rqBopeq.

Brcrauuero Ha rrapu?KaHr,r

PagxaRruero xa Mapun-Anroanera o6ave rgsa rBbpAe

x'ucuo. Cor.luanHure BbnHeHilF ets Opauqran craBar Bce

no-HanperHaTil h cneA roflilHa cTpaHaTa Bce ot4e He ce e

Bb3craHoBl4ra or uKoHoMt4qecrara xpmsa.3a Aa onura Aa

nogo6pra curya.lu+ra, Kpanflr peuaBa ga naenavu usefi-qapcKr4r 6anxep Xax Herep, rofiro ce nolr3Ba c rolrManonynnpHocr cpe4 xopara,3a MilHl4crbp na Quuancure.

Karo uuHucrtp ra QuHancure Hexep npegnara ueo6ra-qaeH nfiaH 3a npeoAofiRBaHe na 6ernpeqegeHrHara Kpil3a.

Tofi npegnara Kpanrr Ea csrxa leuepanHure u1aru - 3aKo-

HoAareflHo ct6panrae, cbcroflll1o ce or npe4craBilren[Te

En6mlorera Ha crroMeHr,rre

KPA'ICKATAKPA'ICKATA BI4'IA, B KOf TOE B'IIOEEHA MAPI4f -AHTOAHETA

Ip6ruoro Mflcro Ha Mapun-Axroauera,cne4 xeHnr6ara h za Ilyw XVI r npemecrsa-uero fi e qyxfla crpaHa, e KpancKara Bnna"Man<ua Tpr,raHoH'i pa3nonoxeHa Ha ABaKunoMerpa or ABopeLla "Bepcait". " ManxuntTpnanon" e nocrpoeH no aanoseg ua flyuXV xaro nogapbK 3a MaflaM fluo llorvrnagyp

- KpaficKara Merpeca, Ho rfl yMupa, npeAilcrpoilTeflcrBoro Aa e 3aBbplueno. "MalxrnrTpuauox" ce cbcrorl or ocHoBHa crpa4a B

KnacuqecKrl rpbqKil crun, xofiro e Ha MoAanpe3 ro3r4 nepuo4, il rpa4uHa ste Speu-cKt/t cTun.

Mapraa-Auroaxera nonyqaBa ABopeqacneg cMbprra na flyu XV. TR ne xapecsa rpa-AuHara BbB Qpencxra crun, Ko+ro no uefruoMHeHile il3frrexfla npeKaneHo cnMeTpilqHan rl3KycrBeHa. 3arosa peulasa Aa r apaH-

xilpa orHoBo w u?Llr'no. Kparnqara pa3Kpa-cflBa rpa4ilHara, Karo Bb3npreua xutahcxuacTiln c eneraHTHh pacTeHilF, pa3nonoxeHLrno npoTexeHueTo Ha ManKil BilTil nbTeqKilnoxpaft ureopu 14 Bo4onaAil. TR o6n.la AilRc-

TOTO AO TaKaBa CTeneH, qe pa3unpfBa fpa-Hr4LU/re Ha 3eMflTa il u3rpax4a "o6pasr4oeoceno" clc 3acroHt4, rpaAuHcKl4 6ecegrra rBOAeHhqil - TOqHO KOnile Ha TilnuqHoTo cenoete Qpeucxnre npoBl4Ht-luyt.

Mapun-Anroauera o6uqa "Manrun Tpra-

anoH". Toea e Mflcroro, Kb4ero rfl Moxe Aa ce

Abpxil no-cKopo KaTo HopManHa xeHa, a He

caMo Karo Kpanilqa.

,{nec "Malxunr TpuanoH" e uyreri, xr4eroca il3noxeHr ue6enu il KyxHeHcKt4 cb4oBeu npw6opu, v3non3BaHu HRKora or Mapua-Anroanera.

Ha Tpil coqrlanHfi rpynr4: nbpBoTo cbcroBile - BilcueTo

A)4(OBeHCTBO, BrOpOrO CbCrOBile - apilCToKpaql/1.flla, tA

TpeToTo cbcJroBHe - 6ypxoa3rfl Ta, cenfl HuTe, 3aHafl TqL4 uTe

il ApyrilTe o6nKHoBeHL4 xopa. lloflrlTl/]qecKilfr opraH He e

cBilKBaH or 1 61 4 r., Ho HeKep cMrra, qe e Aouno BpeMe 3a

HOBa OpraHu3aurt Ha BnacrilTe, KoRTo Aa 3aMeHil HeHa-

AeXAHOTO KpancKo ynpaBneH14e.

Kpan Jlym XVI ce ecryuaa B npe4noxeHilF nraH vl

ceuxea lenepanHL4Te ularr, BbnpeKil qe ce c6ntcrea c

Tpy4Hocn4, cneA Karo ge6arurre Mex4y qneHoBere crtl-

rar Ao rnacyBaHe. Kparnr ucKa Aa Hanoxlt KoreKTuBeH

BoI c Koero TracoBere Ha rperoro cbcnoBre ce o6e:clu-

Bar cpeqy re3/ Ha AyxoBeHcrBoro ri apilcroKpaqufra.

,flenyrarure or rperoro cbcfloBile ce npoBb3ilacrBar 3a

"Haquouanuo ct,6paHr,re'j Karo nprieMar HoBr/ qneHoBe or

nbpBOTO ,1 BTOpOTO CbcnoBile npil XenaHile Aa Ce npuct'-

eAtAHnr v HacroflBar KpannTAa oEo6pil HoBa KoHcrilryLlilF.

Toea peLueHrae oKa3Ba orpoMHo BnhFHr4e B-bpxy Kpanfl rl

xparnqara, rurTr Karo MoHapcilTe BflpBal qe caMo nbpBoro

14 BToporo cbcroBile ca npuBilnerilpoBaHr4Te macn. Te se

MorarAa npmenar Qaxra, qe rperoro cbcnoBile ule nonyqfi

npaBoTo Aa rfiacyBa no cbr4lrfl HaqilH, KaKTo qreHoBeTe Ha

nbpBoTo 14 BTopoTo cbcfioBile.

Ero aaulo Ilyur XVI u Mapun-AuroaHera AaBar il3nBrre-

Hile, c Koero npn3HaBar Haquouanuoro cr6panue, aa

4a ua6eruar ecKaflaqilfl Ha Beqe 3arpy4HeHara cilrya-qrlfl B cTpaHaTa, KaTo cbqeBpeMeHHo Lr3EaBaT 3anoBeA

3a cbcpe4oroqaBaHe Ha KpancK/r BofrcKr/ B oKonHocl,4Te

ua [1aprx fi HacroflBar 3a pa3nycKaHe Ha Haquouaruoro

c-u6panne. Toea e pracroeaH xoA vr flaprax e o6xBaHar orHanperHara arrr,toc$epa. B xparar-ra cmerxa Haquonaruoro

ct,6paHrae e h3nrraureHo [o raKaBa creneH Aa ne 6tgearaKyBaHo or KpancKara aoficra, qe cMeHr ilMero cu Ha

HaqmoHarno yqpe4ilrenHo cr,6paHL4e, c Koero Hanpexe-

HheTo e oBnaAfHo.

Ha 11 lcnra 1789 r. Ilyv XVI yeonnnea Hexep, xofiro

ce paABa Ha il3KnoqilTenHa nonynrpHocl il Ha cne[-Baqilfl AeH Ha3HaqaBa Ilyu llJapr Orncr loo Touelue,

6apor-r luo EperuorZ, peBHocreH MoHapxilcl 3a MilHr4c-

Tbp-npeAceAaren. Mapran-AxroaHera cMflTa, Lre no ro3r,1

HaqilH KpancKara Bnacr Lrle 6tge 3ana3eHa il Heulara

uafi-raxpan qe ce BbpHar KbM cBof HopManeH xoA.

OqaxeaHilRra r7r o6aqe ce oKa3Bar noBeqe or HeBepHl,t.

flapuxauure, rHeBHil or yBonHeHilero ua Herep, ur:nu-

3aT fla nporecrilpar cpeuly KpancKoTo peueHrle ,43 qenilF

rpa4. leuoncrpaHr/re ulypMyear "lulneanu,qtare" (Les

lnvalides - KoMnfleKc or My3er4 il naMerHilllyr, cBbp3aH c

BOeHHaTa v?ropvtfl ra opaHqun),3a Aa ce cHa6Aflr c opb-

xun. Cnegroea ce ornpaBRT Kbrr,r 6acrurnnnra

- cilMBofl Ha nOTUCHr4qecKilfl pexilM,3a

, Aa ce cgo6vn c roreMrl Korl4qecrBa

MyHtA[utA r/ Oapyr. br/rKara c Kpan-

( XaK HeKep - MfiHl,4ct,p-br Ha SrHaHcure,e MHOrO nOnynflpeH cpeA rpaxEaHilTe.

Heroeoro yeonneHue e ornpaBHa roqKa 3a

u:6yxeaHero ra (Dpeucxara peBonnqilfl.

^ flpoqyroro ct6rrue,HapeqeHo "KnerBara Ha reHilcxopra'l 9neHoeere Ha rperorocbcnoBfl e ce npoBb3Tnacfl BaT

:a "l-laLluoHanHo cl6paHre" rnnaHilpaT c-b3AaBaHeTo Ha HoBa

KOHCTfrTyT-1frF.

- PeBon0qiloHepn araKyBar

Eacrnrugra. Or ro3M MoMeHT

HaTaTbK peBofl0t-lilflTa

npoAbnxaBa 1 0 ro4uHr.

cKaTa apMilfl npoAbnxaBa caMo HfKonKo tiaca, npeAil npoTec-

rilpau.lilre rpaxAaHil Aa ycnerr Aa n ua4suRr. Tosa e caMo Haqa-

floro Ha (Dpencxara peBonoqilfl, Kofro BnocfleAcTBile npe-

Bpbula Mapilfl-Anroasera B rparilqHa Qurypa.B noqra na 14 nnn llyra XVl, Beqe ilHQopMupaH 3a 6ilrKilre t13

ynilqure Ha cronilqara, nhTa ABopqoBr4fl uraM6enaH:"BbcraHrle r14

tzc,6yxla?", Ha Koero uau6erantr orroeapn:"He, Baue Benrqecrao.

TOBa He e npocro BbcraHue; ToBa e peeoloqranl',Cneg teau cr6rrrROpanqran Beqe HriKora HFMa Aa 6r4e crqara.

:rr'j:s.

*Y.i;:

*,.Lof'

',:4l j i-.,rc

':':,.

Kpanr Ha flwHacrnfrra Ha 6yp6oHilreC6orou, ooBepcafito

OKq:ee cE HEBT,3MoxHo rpocrHilre nnaMbqil Ha

peBonrcquffTa, xouro u:6yxear raKa npxo, ga 6r4arnoryueHil. Eynroeere ce pa3npocrpaHflBar u3 qflrara

crpaHa il rpaxAaHilTe Ha MHOrO rpaAOBe Ce il3npa-enr e 6ilrxara c Kparcxara apvrran. Bcpe4 xaoca xa 6

oKroMBpr4 1789 r., pea 14 nonoBuHa Meceqa cneA qypMa

ra EacrurmRta, qnnoro KparcKo ceMeticreo e B3ero B

nJleH oT rHeBHil rpaxAaHil/ KoilTo HaxnyBaT B ABopeqa"Bepcaw", 3a Ea nnflqKocar xpaHilTerHnre cKnaAoBe.

Kpancroro ceMerlcreo, Koero e 3arBopeHo e flaprax,

noBeqe HnKora HFMa Aa ce BbpHe ere"Bepcari'iBrnpexra Bclrr.tKo cnygnno ce, rpaxgaHure ua llapux

Bce oule n3nilTBar yBaxeHile KbM KpaltcKoro cetreir-crBo il He3aBrcilMo or o6ctoRrencreara npileMar Hero-

Brlre qreHoBe Aocra pa4yulHo. flpr,r npucrrraHero cu B

cronilqara KpancKilTe oco6u ce noffBflBar ua 6anxona

Ha KMeTCTBOTO C rpuqBerHuTe KoKapAil Ha peBonoqu-

flra il ca npuBercrBaHil c Ebnril oBaquu or cr6palurece rpax4aHh. Crqara eevep ceuericrBoro nonyqaBa

pa3peueHile Ea ce HacraHr4 B ABopeqa 'Tor,rlepu" nogo6nerqen qoMaueH apecr.

Kpalcxoro ceMetlcrao 3anoqBa cBon HoB xl4Bor noAoneKara ua "HaqroranHara rsap4mn'i llyw XVI u Mapvta-Auroauera npeKapBar BpeMero cl4 cKpoMHo c LlneHo-

Bere Ha ceoero cefiletlcreo. Coquannmre pa3BneqeHhf,Karo opfaHh3l4paHe Ha 6anoee il nocet4eHilF Ha rear-panHil flocraHoBKr4, ocraBar B MilHanoro. Ilyu XVI nelt3nfi3a MHoro qecro, a Mapran-AHroanera cbu.lo pnAKo

ce noFBFBa e o6qecreoro. f1o rporun na crnq6ara o6ave,HoBoro noBegeHue ua llytri XVI u Mapran-Anroanera

- 6er QopmarHocrtA v qepeMoHl4t4, Kapa rpaxAaHilrenocreneHHo ga uzry6m cBoero yBaxeHre KbM Tflx.O6nKHoaeHure xopa 3anoqBar 6aeno 4a BflpBal qe rRX-Hara Bracr B xparlna cmerxa npeBb3xoxga ra3h Ha Kpann.

lope-4ory no roBa epevre HaqraonanHoro yqpeAmrenHo

cu6paurae nogrorBn npileMaHero Ha HoBa KoHcruryUilF.

Hai-enhnrenHilflr qoBeK e Cu6pauraero e OHope la6prael

Purern, rpaQ luo Mrapa6o, xorlro nogrpenn KoHcrury-

ql4oHHaTa MoHapxilfl, npn KoRTo ponFTa Ha Kpanfl e caMo

cr4MBornqHa. Mupa6o nnaHhpa pay6egnllyra XVI Aa npil-

eMe peBonrcqilflTa u Aa ce nphcbeEmHu Ha cTpaHara Ha

peBonpqiloHeprre. Maprn-AnroaHera o6ave rau nenpn-

n3bH KbM Mrapa6o, rufi xaro ro Bb3npueMa Karo npe-

garen, xofiro ce npilcbe4ilHfiBa K'bM Macure, BbnpeKh

qe e apilcroKpar. Ilyu XVl, roriro ne Moxe Aa npene6-

perHe MHeHnero na Mapnn-Ar-rroaHera, AaBa cbrnacuero

cra Cr6panr,rero Aa npoAbnxu c yMepeHrre peQoprvrr,r.

Crtqeapemenno o6aqe rbpcil no4Kpenara Ha KpancKure

Samwnun e Eepona, 3a Aa Bb3craHoBl4 MoHapxilffTa B-bB

Opauqun. Mapnn-Axroanera or cBoff crpaHa Monr4 3a nop-

Kpena cBofl 6par lzloreQ ll - nrvrneparop Ha Aecrpun, Ho

He nonyqaBa no3ul/BeH orroBop. 3a ga npeogonenT Ta3Lt

rpy4Ha curyallwa, Ilyr'r XVI r Mapun-AHroaHera ce cnopa-

rynRsar rarino c Mmpa6o nper Qeepyapr,r 1790 r. Mrapa6o

o6eqaea na Ilyra XVI ga npeAnoxlt npfieMaHero Ha KoHcrr4-

ryqun,6naronpr4flrHa 3a Kpann, B 3aMflHa Ha cbulo ronKoBa

arpaKrhBHo Bb3HarpaxAeHue. Bnocregcrer,re Mnpa6o,

xorlro ce onurea pa n:6erne prpeKTHl4fl xoxraxr c flyra XVl,

My r3npaqa nilcMa, npe4narafiru uy ceonre cbBeril.

Odpeuenusr orlur 3a dqrcrBo

,loxaro peBonoqunra npogbrxaBa cBoH ecrecrBeH

xog, crpaxbr o6:evra Mapnn-AuroaHera c Bce no-roflflMa

cuna. lloqru BceKil AeH rR yMorflBa Ilyra XVI Aa He ce

cbrnacflBa c peBonoquoHepure u ce onlarBa,qa ro y6e4r,r

Aa HanycHe cTpaHaTa, 3a Aa 3anoqHe noAroTBilrenHil

pericreun, Konro r.qe ro BbpHar Ha Bracr. IlynXVl, xowoe B nocrorHHo xole6aume AantA na HanycHe Opanqran,

na*-uaxpan peuJaBa ga vz6nra cne4 BHe3anHara cMbprna Mupa6o, nocpeAHilKa rraexgy HarlroHanHoro yLlpeAu-

renno cr6panue u Kpann, npe: anprar 1 791 r.

Ha 20 roxra 1791 r. B nonyHou1 Ilyra XVl, Mapran-

Auroauera, rexHure ABe Aeqa il npilHqeca Eruea6er - cec-Tpa Ha Kpanfl, HanycKar llapnx c HaMepeHue Aa ce ornpa-anr ruu Aecrpnfl, noAnoMorHala or rpaQ Xauc Axcen $on

) Maprn-Tepe:a Iynza pn Caeoh-KaprHrHo, nprHqecaAbo JlaM6an, e 6nu3Ka nphrreflKa u no,q,qpbxHtrqKa

ra Mapua-AHroaxera. no-KbcHo rF e y6rra or stcraHrqnre, :apagn roedi ve orka:ea pa noAnrule nerilqlal cpeu]y Kpans.(.

^ KaprrHa or XVlll B. L43o6pa3flBa

MoMeHTa, e xorlro xparcxoro ceuercreoHa Jlyil XVI HanycKa ABopeqa "Bepcafr': B

geft crsurerrocr rpaxAaHh, BbopbxeHnc MHOTOTnaBU KOnh9, HanpaBIfrBar

KpancKaTa KapeTa.

^ KpancKoro ceMeicTBo ce pa3xoxAa

ff3 aneilre na gsopeqa "Tnfinepr'iflo roea epeme xpancxrre oco6rce non3BaT Bce oqe c yBaxeHueTo

Ha rpaxAaHilTe.

ra ad rupcsr

""rehp*y"u"*

\\. \

a6",

rie

Oep:en - rp6oeHuxa Ha Mapr,rn-AnroaHera, u 6apon,{uobperuofi. Enrcreoro o6aqe ce oKa3Ba Heycner.luo. B nony-

Houl Ha 21 p.ru re ca 3aroBeHh B rpag Baper, ctecer,l

6nraao 4o rpaHhqara c Aacrpun, h ca BbpHaril s llaprax.

lzluqmgexrur peuaBa oKoHqarerHo crg6ara Ha Kpan-

croro ceueficreo. l1o o6qo MHeHile Kpannr nph3HaBa

peBonloLl4tTa, Ho He3aBhcl4Mo oT ToBa n3ocTaBff cBofl

HapoA t,t ce onurea rariHo 4a uanycHe crpaHara. Teau Qaxrunopax4ar HeBuxAaHa epaxge6nocr y xopara il s xparana

cMerKa rpaxAaHilTe fi cKar Haquouanuoro yqpeAurenHo

ct6panr,re Aa AerpoHhpa Ilyn XVl. flporusxo Ha HapoA-

Horo xeraHr4e, Haquonarxoro yqpegilTenuo cr6pa-Hile oTHeMa BpeMeHHO BflaCTTa Ha Kpanff/ CneA KOeTO Ce

onurBa Aa peuu cilryaqfiffTa, Karo 3ana3Ba craryca ua lyrXVI r nocraeR KparcKoro ceMeficreo noA AoMaueH apecre Aeopeqa'Trcftnepr4" - xo4, rofiro 3acilnBa npe3peHuero

Ha xopara KbM KpancKaTa vqc-!.uryquq KaTo qflno.

Ha 3 cenreuepvt 1791 r. e npuera "Opencrara KoHcl4-

ryqr4n or 1791 r!',qvhto ocHoBeH npuHr.liln eycraHoBflBa-

Hero Ha KoHcrr4ryqiloHHa MoHapxrfl . 3axouogarerHoroct6paHue, qreHoBere Ha Koero ce ra6upar sa 6aEa

HOBilTe KOHCT,lryLlnOHHl,l 3aKOHil, 3anOqBa CBOnra pa6Ora.

Cne4 raro o6ave xparnr ynpaxHnBa MHoroKparHo cBo-

eTo npaBo Ha BeTo no pa3nilqHil BaxHn Bbnpocil, nocTa-

BeHil 3a o6ctx4aue npe4 3aronogarenHoro ct6parrae,rHeBHilTe rpaxAaHh vsnv3al Ha ynuqilTe u 4ypMyBaT

ABopeqa 'Tahnepu". B orroeop npoMoHapxilcrure, no4-

KpenflHu or HanycHanure Opauqran apucroKparil, 3anoq-Bar aHTilpeBonbqiloHHr4 6yHroee il3 qnflara crpaHa.

llpu reeu o6croRrencrea nocreneHHo cpe4 pe4uqilTe

Ha peBonoquoueprare na6upat cunw nxo6vtucKilTe pagu-

ranu. Te noggbpxar uAeRTa 3a 3anoqBaHe Ha eoriHa ctccbceAHilTe KpancTBa/ c KoeTo fla ocyeTflT onacHocTTa

Opauqran Aa 6'u,qe HanagHara. Kpannr cur4o ce c'btnacflBa

Aa Bne3He ete eofiHa. Heroeure oqaKBaHufl ca peBono-

qt4oHHnre eoficxu ga 6tgar nouerenil or cl4lara Ha qyx-

AilTe apMilr4. Creg xaro Kpanrr il paAilKanHilre peBonoqil-

oHepr nocrilrar KoHceHcyc ra 20 anpun '1792 r., Qpauqtn

o6neRea eofiua ua Aecrpun. llper rcnu o6aqe, roraro llpycran

cbqo Bnm3a ete eofiHara. curyaqilFra craBa oqeBhAHo

ue6naronpunrua aa Qpeucxara apuun. 3aroro4arenHoro

cr6panne o6nenea il3BbHpe4Ha curyaLIAA eue OpaHqun

Lr cBr4KBa Haquonannara rBapAiln Aa 3aulilraBa llapux. Or

Apyra crpaHa qyxAara cbp3Hr4qecKa apMhfl HacroflBa QpeH-

cKr4flT HapoA Aa 3acBuAeTencrBa cBoero noAqmHeHile Ha

xpanR. lzlcxanero noAr4KBa Qpanqylare or4e noeeue. Ha 10

aBrycr xopara HaxnyBar e 4eopeqa'Trorlflepu" c HaMepeHu-

eTo Aa AeTpoHr4paT KpanF, 3a Aa cnpaT peBonloql,'-flra t 3aan-

rffr cBonra po4ilHa. Kpancxoro ceMericreo rbpcm 3aKpil-

nara Ha 3arouogarennoro ct6paHre. Cr6pauuero o6ave,quero ynpaBneHue He Moxe Aa noflKpenil KoHcrilryqiloH-

Hara MoHapxuf, npueMa peueHile 3a oTMflHa Ha MoHapxil-

flra u yqpeAflBaHe Ha Hoeo Cu6paHme, KoeroAa npueMe HoBa

KOHCTUTr{Lrf.

B rogu AeH uABa KpaffT Ha KpancKara Bnacr BbB

0parqran.

^ Ha 1 0 aBrycr 1792 r. napvxaHlHaxnyBar B ABope4a "fnitnepn" n aare-xparl Ha xpancxara anacr B1'B Oparu,rr,

- Kpancxoro ceuefcrBo e

3anoBeHo oT rpaxAaHilTe Ha

Bapeu en Aproc.

bE.

t

Iluyrrane BbB BpeDrero

Efl TCTBOTOfhantr:a 6nrcteoro or llapul1 Koero peuaBa oKoHqarerHo ctg6ara na rpan-

croro ceMerlcrgo, e 3aMncneH or rpa$ Xauc Arcen Qou Oepaen. Toil B3ilMa BcnqKul

neo6xo4nuu MepKu, 3a Aa octrypt ycnex Ha nnaHa, Karo Hanp[Mep npegBapure-neH orneA Ha n'brrqara, no Kouro qe MhHe KpancKoro ceMetlcreo, xarro u npo6eH

o6xog ua Mapupyra go Aecrprn. Maprnaa luo Typ:en - ryBepHaHrKara Ha Aeqarafa Mapurn-AxroaHera, npileMa ilAeHrr/rrHocrra na pycxa 6apoxeca, Kpaflilqara il cec-

Tpara Ha Kpann - nprHlleca Eau:a6e1 ce npecrpyBar sa xefixyr npuAeopHn AaMil,Kparflr - Ha HeilH ilKoHoM, a KpancKilre Aeqa - Ha Heiuu gtqepu.

llnaxrr e :agericrsan oKoro ABa qaca npe3 Hoqra Ha 20 oHn. KpancKoro cemeri-

CTBO Ce npoMbKBa npe3 eAHa HeoxpaHf,BaHa ABopqoBa nopTa n ce oTnpaBF KbM

UlapoH, pa3nofloxeH Ha nbrs rrrexgy llapux ta HeMcKara rpaHuqa. Cnopeg:auu-c'bna, cneg np[crilraHero sa 6errtlqnre a lUapou uie rh noeMe BoeHHa qacl Haqeno

c BepHilR Ha KpanF 6apou luo bperboil, Kosro ule ru ecKoprupa Ao rpaHuUara c

Aacrputlcrara t,tMnepiln. llo nrrR xtrvr [Japou o6ave ce cryqBa snononyra. EgHa orKaperilTe yApn ynilqeH 3HaK, r:pa6oreu or KaMbK, 14 peMoHlbr Ha Kaperara npoAbn-

xaBa no-Atnro or oqaKBaHoro. Korato xpancroro ceMeficreo npncvra s [Japon,

BoeHHara vacr ua 6apox fluo 6peruorl Beqe ce e orrerlrr4ra. bapontr perxaBa Aa

ce orrernn, rtfi xaro 6errnqnre He npilcrilrar B yroBopeHoro BpeMe, a celflHr4Te

3anoqBar Aa craBar noAo3pnrenHil ta Aa ce cyerflT npil Bl/Aa na aofinnqnre. Kpan-

cxoro celaeficreo Hf,Ma Apyr r:6op, ocaen Aa rp'brHe K'bM cfleABaqara cnilpKa -Bapeu ex Apron.

[o BAPEHMexgyepemeuuo 3axonogarennoro cl6panne, Koero Beqe gHae ga 6Rrcraoro

Ha KparcKoro ceuefrcreo, peuaBa Aa stpue 6erunqnre B flapnx Ha BcrKa qeHa ilh3npau{a npareHhqh il3 qfrara crpana. B rparlna cuerra HaqarHilKbr Ha nouleH-

cKara craHqilF B CeH MeHexon4 pa3no3HaBa Kpann il il3npaqa cto6qenne go enac-

rnre BbB Bapex eu Aprou uanxo npegu ceueficraoro Aa crilrHe rpaAa.

Bcnegcrane KpancKoro ceMeftcreo e apecryBaHo ABaAecer il qerilpr4 qaca cneA

raro nanycxa llaprx.

19 loHn 1791 r. Kpancxoro ceueficrBo ce u3[4bKBa He:a6enr:auo orgeopeqa'Toineps:

Cemefi craoro ranycra fl aprax.

3aroHogarenuoro ct6parue u:4aaa ranoee4 :a 6noxupaHe 6nrcreoro

EgHa or xaperure or KoHBofl flperbpnflBa 3nononyKa roqHo npeAu

BoeHHara ,racr Ha 6apoH Abo 6perboi, yMopeHa or qaKaHe,

beruqnre npncrnrar e lUapou u peuaBar Aa npoAbnxar

HaqanHuxtr sa noqeHcKara craHqhn e CeH MeHexoniq np!4cruraete BapeH eu AproH npegt,t KpancKtas roueofi. Kpanrr n HeroaoroceMeicrBo ca 3anoBeHu or rpaxAaHu, KotrTo Beqe ril oqaKBar.

KpancKoroKpanr

^ Cneg ex:eryquara ra lym XVI

Mapra AnroaHera He Moxe iqa xanHe

Hfrqo n 3anocBa Aa ce Abpxt4 il iqa?iiTfr€xAa KaTO HanbflHo pa3nuqeHqoBeK.

^ 3areoprr "Koscnepxepr'i xr4eroe 3arBOpeHa Maprs-AHTOaHera npe3nocneaHfit€ ,EHn oT xrBo]? fi.

ceMencTBoTparuunara cMbpr Ha KpaJrfl

Ha r: ABfycr 1792 1., TpA AHu cneA Karo Bnacr-

Ta e orHera or Kpannr KparcKoro ceMeficreo e orBe-

AeHo B "Tattnn" - cpeAHoBeKoBHa Kpenocr e llaprax.

llocrpoeuara npes Xlll e. "TaN4nr" rMa creHil, Ae6enlr 3

MeTpa; no Ta3il npfiqilHa e noAXoAFt4o MFcTo 3a 3aTBa-

pflHe Ha KpancKoro celrericreo no4 crpr4KrHoro Ha6lto-

AeHile Ha Haquonanuara rBapgufl. Mapun-Auroauera

o6aqe, xonro e o6exr Ha cepuo3Ha KpvrtA<a, Bce oule

u3nvrBa cmrHo xenaHue 4a ce 6opra cpeuly peBonoqr4-

oHepilre, Aopvt tA Karo 3arBopHt4qra. Toea ce Abnxn Ha

Qarra, ve rfl nonyqaBa rar-rQoprvraqran 3a roBa, qe peBo-

,itoqroHHara apMriff u3nilrBa 3arpy4HeHiln e 6tAtKfie

cbc cbceAHilTe AbpxaBil, KaKTo ,l Lle npoMoHapxilcTl/Te

ca 3acvnvrv cBoilTe aHTr4peBonoqnontu 4efrcreun.Kpanr,lqara cbu1o raKa BflpBa, qe cblo3HilqecKara apMilr,

KOflTO BKnrOqBa eOtCXtA Ua UerTrUata poAilHa Aecrpun,

cKopo t4e oKynfipa flapux u qe cnacil KaKro Hefl, raKa u

ocraHanilTe qaeHoBe Ha KpancKoro ceMeficreo.

MapuR-AnroaHera, paa6rapa ce, He Moxe Aa KoH-

rponilpa co6creeHara cv ctp6a, Aa He roBoprM 3a

ra3h Ha Llnnoro KpancKo ceMeficreo. Egran 4eH e pas-

BalryrHrre Ha ABopeqa "Tnilnepu" e orKpl4T KpancKvt+r

ceri$. B ceraQa ca cKpl4Ttl AoKyMeHrLl, Kol4ro AoKa3BaLqe KpafiFl rorirro oQraqualrHo npil3HaBa peBontoqr4nra,

railHo wonu cbce4HilTe EbpxaBil 3a rflxHara noflKpena

B onhrilTe cm Aa 3ana3r4 KpancKoro ynpasnenme. C reau

orKpt/rryrn 3a xoHogaren Horo crr6pa H ne, Koero no-paHo

pa3ilcKBa AantA Aa il3npaBil ilflh He Kparfl Ha cbA,3ar-BbpxAaBa cBoffTa no3flt_114fl cpeu..ly Hero. Ha 1l EeKeM-

BpLl KpanflT e il3npaBeH Ha cbA IilqHo OT KMeTa Ha

l-lapNx ra ua 17 nuyapu 1793 r. Haqraon anHu+r KoHBeHr

ocbx4a Ilyrrr XVI Ha cMbpr. B geun npegra eK3eKyqil-

flra KpanFr cau nnQopnrapa ceMeficreoro cu :a ctge6-Hara npilcbAa. Kassal ue Mapun-AuroaHera ce xBbplne o6RrnRra My cbc cbpqepa3flilpareneH nrav. Ha cneg-

BaulaTa cyrpri4H Kpanflr e rilnorilHilpaH Ha nnoulafla c

uuero "flnac 4uo na Peeonocuon" (llnor4a4 Ha peBo-

^ Kaprrna or XVlll e. u:o6pa:rsa cqeHara Ha 6one:ueuara pa:4rnauexgy.llyn XVI e serosoro ceMeicrBo. Ka:aa1 ve cutpraaranptlcbAa e npilera c MHoro ManbK npeBec Ha rflacoBere /'3a'l cpeqyrnacoBere "nporilB'i

nrcqunra), AHec il3BecreH xaro "lhac 4uo na Konxop4"(uoulaA "KonxopA'1.

Xteprna Ha peBor'rroqrrflTa

Cre4 eraexyqilflra Ha Ilyra XVI 34paBero r.ra Mapun-

Auroaxera pF3Ko ce BJrouaBa. llo roea BpeMe rfl e Ha

37 ro1unv, Ho KaKTo ce rBbpALt, l43rrex4a 3HaLlilTenHo

no-crapa. Or4e e4na np,4r.thHa ra uefiHoro crpaAaHue e

pa3Annara cbc cilHa rl. Toea ce cnyqBa, rur7r xaro npe:nFroTo cbr4aTa foAilHa ce pa3npocTpaHflBar cnyxoBe,qe npoMoHapxilcrKr/ BoeHeH reHepan Bb3HaMepFBa Aa

HA

r,l.,.tii

En6tmoreKa Ha crroMeHrdre

3ATBOPbT3aleoprr "Koncnepxepn", xrrgero Mapvrn-AHroaHera npeKapBa

nocne4Hure AHll or cBoF xr4Bol e pa3noroxeH 3ana4Ho or ocrpoea flaCnre, e 6nurocr ,qo Karegpanara "Hnrp ,[arrr'i Cnopeg ilcropilqecKilTeu:rouHri"ln "Koncuepxepn" e nbpByler KpancKyt ABopeq na Opanqmn.

1or7r e noc'rpoeH npe3 oKoJro V , Vl e. il e peMoHrt4paH r pa3unpeH orcneABaqytTe Kpane.

Ctqecr-syealr4ara BefiilqecrBeHa crpaga c lierilpure Kynil e 3aBbpueHanpe3 nepr4oAa Ha qapyBaHe sa Onnurr lV Xy6aera oxoao XIV e"

,KOHCI4 EP)KEP14'

Cneg ras6yxeaHero Ha Opexcrara peBontoqufl "Koucuepxepu" ceil3no,n3Ba or peBonpqiloHHur cb4 3a 3arBop. Tam e nepuoga ot 1793 r.,

Koraro peBonoqilflTa e e ceoR anorefr, Ao1795 r. ca yl3npareHu Hafvnorv-Hara oKoro 2 600 sareopHr,rqra. Mapran-AHroaHera e eAHa or rflx.

.Quec "KoHcuepxepil" e orBopeH 3a noceqeHilfl. Typncrvrre Morar AaByrflFT 3arBopHuqecKilTe Knnvv vt craure Ha oxpaHara. Morar ga BurilAr t

Kvnnlra, B KoRTo e 6una aareopeua Mapun-AnroaHera. Toea He e vcruH-cKara KVrvtA, a ToqHo Konre Ha ophrilHana.

ocBo6o4t4 cilHa Ha Maprn-Anroanera il Hacne4HilKa

Ha rpoHa na OpaHqr,rr Ilyra XVll 11 Aa ro o6neu ra xpar.Toea rapa peBonroquoHephre Aa pa3Aenflr Mapran-

Axroaxera or chHa ri, raro rh 3arBapflT Ha pa3nuqHr4

eraxu. Or ro3L1 MoMeHT HararbK Kpanilqara Hocl4 Tpa-

ypHa poKnfl u cauo o6nrann cBorra Knnrifl Karo npu3-

pax. Kaaeal qe eA!4HcrBeHoro ft ygoeoncrBile e Ea

rrega KaK cunrr fr r4rpae B ABopa npe3 eflHa nponyKa B

creHara ua HefiHara rnrnR.

Peeolrcquonxara apMHfl, KoflTo npeMuHaBa npe3

TpyAeH nepiloA, r,r:npaanrixu ce KaKro cpeqy cbto3-

HmqecKaTa apMHfl, TaKa h cpeuly aHTilpeBolrloql4oH-

Hl4re ctAnv, peuaBa Aa yHrlu]oxrl Bcr4qKr'r BparoBe Ha

peBonoqhFra u nz6upa Mapnn-AHroaHera Karo cr4M-

Bon Ha crapun pexilM. Ha 1 aerycr MapuR-AuroaHera

e npexBbpneHa or'Tarann" a "Koncuepxepil" - 3arBop

3a onacHu npecr-bnHhqu. Mnoro6porTrnu Hen3BecrHl4

nocerurer h, o6 14 KH o BeH h rpaxga H L'r, noceulaBar 3arBo-

peHara B xurnn Maprn-Arroanera. Oxpanara B3ilMa orTrx napil tA tv nycKa Aa R BhArr. Cpe4 re:u rarTrHcreeHu

nocerilTeru e qoBeK, rofrro i cbo6ulaBa 3a nnaH 3a 6flr-

crBo, cKpr4r e 6yxer rapar,r$vrnr. Cxopo o6ave nraHbr

e pa3Kpr/|T tt "cnyuanr c rapar,aQranr,tre" cTaBa oTnpaBHa

ToqKa 3a Haqnoraruun KoHBeHT Hari-HaKpafl Aa peuu

Aa u3npaBh Mapur-Anroanera Ha cbp, o6BuHABaiAKu fl

^ Mapus-Asroasera e HacilflcrBeHo pa3AeneHa

or cBor cuH Iyil XVll n or ro:r MoMeHT HararbK

Te HilKOra noBeqe He ce BilxAaT,

B KoHcnilpaqilfl cpeqy Opanqran.

Ma pun-AHroa nera n peAcra Br y6egraren x ra KoHrpaa p-

ryMeHTil cpeqy o6eraueHilFra, noBAurHaril cpeuly HeF.

B noeeqero cnyqail o6BuHeHuero He npeAcraBfi Aocra-TbqHo AoKa3aTencTBa, 3a Aa AoKaxe cBouTe xilnoTe3'4;

ero 3al4o npr HopManHil o6crofrencrBa KoHrpaapry-

MeHTilTe Ha Mapun-Anroanera 6uxa 6unil noeeqe orpeuaBaulil. Cyrpraxra Ha 16 oKroMBpr,r o6aqe rn e o6n-

BEHA 3A B'4HOBHA NO O6BilHCHilCTO B I43MFHA T OCb-

AeHa Ha cu'upr. B AeficrBurenHocr cMbprHoro HaKa-

3aHhe e peueHo oqe npeAil Haqanoro Ha npoqeca.

Ex:eryquRra ri e urstpuena no-KbcHo cblt1r4r [eH Ha

"l1nac guo ra Peeorlocr4on'i Mapnn-AHroaHera npilc-

Tilra Ha MFCTOTO Ha eK3eKyqilFTa, 3ao6r4KofleHa OT

Tbnnil xopa. Kaseal qe rfl cnu3a or 3arBopHl4qecKara

Kapera eneraHTHo, cneA KoeTo KoneHilqu, nocraBfl

BHilMarerHo rnaBara cil Ha euaQo4a Ha rilnorilHara h

3aTBapfl Klenaqfi.

v fpaenpa Bbpxy AbpBo or XVlll s. u:o6pa:nea Mapre-AHToaHera

na rrnornnara. Tn HilKoTa He Ty6r csoero pocroiucreo,4opu nprBrAa Ha FpocrHilTe nnqa Ha apaxiqaHure, npucbcreaqri Ha nerinara

eK3eKyqfrfl.

> CKilqa or ro3il nepnoA

n:o6pa:nea Mapnn- _

Antoasera raxa xaxror3rnexAa ToqHo npeAn

eK3eKyL'lrFTa.

....;... l

a..s'.-"' \ ;'1' ,.t/' ---.,FI --1 ,./ a--it -- l/'/'l ,/"

,/, '-' \,

.'/ ,/i'--::::: ,(

,t,ll

,i'i

r 'll,t 'E-f:

ilu'.!

rfr:tdfia.

'#:.!i4

PeB oJr r0 rIH o H H r,rfl T Tp rrHa cMbpTTaEr<aeryrJr4flTa Ha Maprq-AHroaHera e r43BbprueHa Ha "llrPenonrocr4oH" upel orpoMH a ybrrr'a HapoA B KbcHr{f, cneAoKroMBpvr 1793 r., caMo ABa l.:g^:z cneA Haqanoro Ha rty6wrcpeqy Her. llo npeMe Ha rrpoqec a Mapvrs-Auroauera zasss*a c

AarencrBo cpeqy Hapopa na Opauqun". Acrunata e,qe Tfl c-bBeTBa il oKa3Ba peuhrenHo BnuRHue Bbpxycbnpyra ctA npu nonnTuqecKuTe My peueHuF, HO

HeB'b3Myrr4Mt4Rr fi orroeop rnacu: "MoRr c'bnpyr He

ce HyxAaeue nnrorl ga My Ka3Ba KaKBo Aa npaBil,Koraro ynpaxHflBaue cBofire 3agbflxeHufl. He ctu nyAaBana HilKaKBu cueeru." Mapran-AnroaHera orpt4.la

Hanb,nHo yqacTileTo cu BbB B"bTpeuHaTa nonuruKa tA

utnara y6epvtrenHu KoHTpaapryMeHTil cpeqy re3ilnogo3peHhfl. Hape4 c BcuqKo roBa rnaBHnFT o6euxh-Ten fl nura 3a yqacrmero tr s tvlHororo pa3nhqHu npoh3-uecrBr4fl no BpeMe Ha peBonoquflra, Karo "6Rrcreoro

4o Baper" - HeycneuHLlfl onnr Ha KpancKoro ceueil,crBo Aa HanycHe crpaHara. MapuR-AHroanera o6aqeoTpl4qa cBoeTo yqacTue B Te3u uHr.lilAeHTh.

HeBI4HHocT rlo eAkIH aBTopt4TeTeH u y6eguTeJreH HarrHH. Toea e HrrocneAna 6uffia.

Cnr.r4erencKrr rrora3aH[s rro BpeMe Harpoqeca

Tf-A 12 OKTOMBPT{ 1793 t rflaBHusr o6eurrrenT. I aa n oq ea vH AtABuAy anlo n peABa puren Ho u 3cnyur -

BaHe no Aenoro cpeqy Mapun-Auroauera, Karo qacr

or npaBHure 4eficrsrn, eua6y4eHra cpeqy Hefl.

lnaeHusr o6euHhren rl xasea: "Bile 3ana3Bare nonil-ruqecKu orHoueHufl c Eoxeunn ra Ynrapran (nune-paropa xa Aecrpun) npeAu Haqanoro ua (Dpencxara

peBonoqilfl. Teara 4ericrern ca B pa3pe3 c HaqnoHan-

Hure r4Hrepecu na Opauqrafl, AbpxaBara, Ha KoflTo

npunagnexnre."

Kpanuqara orroBapfl: "Kpanere sa boxeuuR u

YHrapran ca Mor KpbBH14 6parn. BsauuoorHoueHilflTaMr4 c rflx ce ocHoBaBar Ha h3KoHHara o6rav laex4y 6paru cecrpa. Hsuaue HilKaKByl Apyrvt nonvrtAqecKn orHo-ueHufl. A gopn il Aa ilMaxMe, ro re 6uxa 6unn e nonsa

Ha HaLluoHanHure ilHTepecu ua Opaurlran."

l-naeHhRr o6ehHuren npoA'bnxaBa: "Bne aaroeop-Hr4qure c KopyMnilpaHuMtAHUCrpV U He caMo xapquTe

6esnonesHo HaquoHanHoro 6orarcrso, nno4 Ha rpygaHa HapoAa, ra gpe6onnn, c Kor4To Aa 3agoBonureBauure pa3BneqeHhn vi av6wlnv, Ho t4 il3npaqareorpoMHl4 napuqHu cyMu Ha nMneparopa ua AecrpunJ,

Kpanuqara orBp'bula cry4eHo: "paa6rapa ce, qe He eenpno.3nau, r{e xopara qecro Me KneBerfr no BcflKa-

KbB Haqt4H,3a Aa noApoHflT aBropnrera un. Ar o6aqeo6uqax cbnpyra cu c qflfloro ct4 cbpqe. 6n 6rano eua-MyTUTenHO Aa npaxocBaM AbpxaBHu napu 3a fny-nocril. OceeFt roBa Monr 6par cuc cr4rypHocr He ceHyxgae or napure ua Opauqran."

B rogu NlorueHr $axrrrl ve Mapnn-AHroaHera BoAt4

nhcMeHa KopecnoHgeHqur c'bc cBoFTa uarira, e

Bce oqe Her3BecreH v TIaBHVAT o6euHuren HRMa

HI4KaKBU AOKa3aTencTBa,3a Aa npoA-bflxaBa Aa cnopilno ro3u Bbnpoc. Ero aaqo roia a o6evaaBa B ToBa, qe

noATr4KBa M'bxa cu 4a 4erlcrea nporl4B t4HTepecure Ha

Opauqran. Toft naprva reara fi gerlcrewa"axt Ha npe-

' KaprhHa or XIX e. n:o6pa:neaMaprn-AHroaHera B yrporo B AeHflHa HeriHaTa erceKyqilr.

j

tt;

?.tt.,t

ft

Curprnara rprrcbAa

Cne4 xpan Ha u3qepnareflHoro npe4BapurenHo

h3cnyulBaHe ny6nuuuwat npoqec :anoqea Ha 14

oKioMBpr4. llpmvuHrre 3a Aenoro ca cbulilTe Karo re3u

3a npegBapureflHhfl pa3nilr. Egnncrseuara pa3nuKa

e B TOBa, qe BbnpocuTe no oTHoueHue Ha eKcTpaBa-

raHTHl/Te xapqoBe Ha Kpannqara cTaBar no-npeqh3H14

t4 oKoIo qerhpnAecer cBhAeTenil ca noBilKaHil/ 3a Aa

qynT il norB"bpAflr AoKa3arercrBara. Bcnqxu noKa3a-

HmR o6aqe ca nhueHil or nogpo6Ha ra cneqraQrauHa

muQopuaqran. B cpaenenne c rRX KoHTpaapryMeHrilre

Ha Mapnn-AxroaHera il3rnex4ar MHoro no-yMecrHt'l.

Parrpeeoxenure o6evrHurenu nafi-narpan il3Bax-

Aar roBa, Koero crlilTar ga ceofi xog - o6enHeHuero e

Kp-bBocMeueHue. Te re'upgn1, Lle Kpan14qara e u3Bbp-

uluna 6ny4creo cbc cBoF craH flyra-UJapn (Ilyu Vll). Karo

AoKa3aTerrcrBo B noAKpena Ha roBa t43flBneHile npeA-

craBflT noAnilcaHhre or caMilr flyn-LJ.Japn noKa3aHilF.

flcuo e o6aqe, qe peBonror-lt4oHepilre h3rp'brBar c-bc

cilna re3u HeroBt4 npil3HaHuR. Maprrrn-AHroaHera cb3-

HarerHo orxBbpnn o6euxeHileto, 6er 4a u3flara KoH-

rpaapryMeHr. llpr e-unpoc Ha qreH Ha xypt/ro, rfl

npocTo oTroBapf:

"Aro ne cbM orroBopvrna, e npocro 3aqoro caMara

nphpoga orKa3Ba Aa orroBopl4 Ha raKoBa o6euHeH14e,

ornpaBeHo cpeuly eAHa uaftxa."

Xeumre, npficbcrBaulil e ctge6uara 3ana, He Morar

Aa ce Bb3gbpxar Aa ne ri cnunarn:rpa1 npueuataxu

o6eilHeHnero cpeuly Kpanilqara Karo yHuxeHre

cpeu.ly xeHure no nphHqun. Koarr xa o6euHeHrero

He nocrura xenannR e$err.Pagnurur na Maprn-AnroaHera npo4bnxaBa ABa

AHU - Ha 14 vt 15 oKToMBpr4, no Aecer qaca Ha AeH.

B yrporo Ha 16 oxroMapw vABa MoMeHTbl Koraro

r cbAl4fl npn3oBaBa xypr4ro KbM rnacy-

;:.P.ElncxeaHilsra Ha xypr4ro o6aqe ca noBeqe or

ftOCT; Tbl4 KaTo npilc'bAaTa e Beqe peueHa.

ua Mapun-AnroaHera, qe BcilttKt4 qlte-

xvpl4To f cqnTaT BilHoBHa B npeARBeHhTe h

,t4 6ueuLara KpanuLla e ocbAeHa Ha cMbpr.

iipracuAara rBbpgo, c npuctqure i goc-

xypax, 6er Aa ce onura Aa ce 3aullrril no

e HaqilH.

''1 l(apmua or XIX e. r:o6pa:naa MapLlr-AHroaHera no BpeMe Ha

nocreAHara fi uonnrea, Ts orKa3ea Aa fi 6tpe n:nparen cBeuleHnK orcbAa n BnilcBa B 3aBel4aHileTo cil, ce yMupa Karo KaTonrqKa.

rl

2

^ IlocneAnnsr noprper xa Maprn-AHroaHera. TasH He3aB'bpueHa KaprilHacb3AaBa Bne'laTreHileTo 3a eAHa xeHa,cbBceM pa3nuqHa oT HflKorauHaTa6punnxrua Kpanuqa.

ilocneAuoro rrr{cMo

Tpra4ecer MwHyrt no-K-bcHo rr ce Bp-bqa B cBorraKVntAA tA nrue nncMo, Koero Moxe 4a 6r4e oKaqec-TBeHo Karo uetiHara nocre4Ha Bonfr u 3aBeu.laHue,

aApecrpaHo Ao Enraaa6el c Koflro e e 6nugril orHoue_Ht1fl AO CBOflTa CMbpT.

"!o Bac, cK'bna Mofl cecrpo, nnua 3a nocne4eH nbr.Ocr4eua cbM Ha cM'bpl Ho He cMbp1, Koflro e cpaMHa,

rlfi xaro cMbprra e cpaMHa caMo 3a npecr-bnHrqilre,a raKaBa, Koflro u.le ue ct6epe orHoBo c BaLuran 6par.Karo Hero HeBilHHa, ce HaARBaM Aa noKaxa c-bularacfina, KoFTo rofi no<a:a B nocreAHhff MoMeHT or cBoflxfieor. CnoxofiHa c'urvr Karo qoBeK, qr4flTo cbBecr eHeonerHeHa. fl'un6oxo crtp6n 3a roBa, ve r4e rpn6saAa il3ocraBn 6e4nrare cn Aeqa. C6ororrlt, Mofl cK-bna yl

Mr4rocrilBa cecrpo. Hapneav ce roBa nucMo Aa crurHego Bac. Mr,lclere 3a MeH Bt,tHaril. llperprr4anlt Bac ra

6e4Hmre Mtl MVnu Aeqa or 4-un6nnrre Ha cbpqerocu. focnogu, cbpqero Mu ce Kbca 3apaAil ToBa, qe qerpn6sa Aa rr il3ocraBfl 3aBilHaril. C6ororvr, c6orou."

3a crxaneuue nucMoro HuKora He crilra AoEnuEa6er. 9oeex4 rorlro orrpmea nucMoro B KtAnv-nta h, ro 3aHacn Ha Po6ecnraep - eArH or nuAepureHa peBonoqilnra, xoriro B To3l4 MoMeHT KoHTponilpaKoMr4chFTa :a o6L4ecreena cilrypHocr. Tofi ro:anaeea:a ce6e cu.

,fu

Krpnaeure KarrKrr

Cneg uanoeeATa Ha Mapun-Ar.rroaHera, B eAilHa_

Aecer qaca cyrpr4Hra Ha 16 orroMepu rA tA uerZHusreK3eKyTop ce KaqBaT Ha 3aTBOpHr4qecKaTa KapeTa rce ornpaBrr x'uu "flnac 4uo na peeonpcuou,,. ptqerefi ca stpaanr nnbrHo aag rrp6a rl, a oxoro xpucra rie 3aBbp3aHo etxe..{llrarah6ana Koca e Kbco no[_cTphraHa, 3a Aa He Moxe ocTp[eTo Ha rilfloTuHaTa

Aa ce no4xnb3He no xeR. O6neqeua s cevua 6RnapoKnfl, rR npeMuHaBa npea ynmqa "Cen Onope'i xonroe nbnHa c xopa, ct6panu ce oule paHo cyrpt4HTa,3a

Aa BhAFr eK3eKyllhflra Ha 6ueuJara KpanilLla. Kasaal,qe Tf ocTaBa n3npaBeHa u BerruqecTBeHa, He3aBil_

cl4Mo or noAhrpaBKure u BilKoBere ua epaxge6naraTbrrna.

Orono o6ng Kaperara npilcrilra sa ,,flnac Abo na

Peeonrocraon'i K'b4ero e MoHTilpaHa rilnoruHara.Maprzrn-AHroaHera cril3a caMa or Kaperara il u3KaqBa

AbpBeHilre ctan6n KbM cBoflTa crg6a. HrxonKo Murano-KbcHo maBara h napa c rynBaHe B ,t3non3Ba_Ht4fl Kol!. Koraro eK3eKyropbr B3ilMa rraBara il|:!. .F B4mra B'bB B-b3Ayxa, xopara HeEa6aeHo t.noqijbi*iiil

^ 3aBer4aH[ero Ha Mapnfl-Auloaxera, xoero ce noflBflBa B

nilreparypara or XIX B.

v AHeuHilnr "flnac Abo naKorxopg'i xt4ero B MnHaroro caeK3eKyr?lpaHh MHoro xopa, Mexiqyxouro n Mapnn-AHToaHera.

Aa Kpeu{er: "[a xraeee peny6nnKara!" Toea ogHa-'

'raBa, qe Mapraa-AnroaHera e nocreflHara KpanhqaHa OpaHqrF, Koflro onullerBopgga'3a xopara a6co-,

'j i::;nrorHl4fl MoHapxyr3bM. Ji.,,

1,ad::,

(,}i..

iffi.fhtR\.lH!

"/axatunlA. 6G|o - &*iuw l' &.ki&-,

,e* * ry"

ilri-!'--j."i;.s i H-.H,|e,ri;

#*,sLrm$rffiffiE

Lffi##$ffir#' 'P."--r*-,,*r - 4- ::iiFif#r*ie": l

::"** .- .*- + *."""-*" I

FnaeHnRr 3anogo3pf,H -rpaQraxn fiuo na Mor

l-onflM cKaHAan npeAcraBnff Ba "ASeparaI c guauanreHara orbpnilqa'i e xorlro eBbBneqeHo uMero Ha Kpanuqara n roriroras6yxea roqHo npeAh peBonoLlmrra.Hafi-em4Ha ponr B To3r4 r4HqugeHr A3Ar-paea rpaQrann ,[so na Mor - A-bu]epa Ha

6apoH Xax guo Banoa Cen-Peun, xoftrouMa AareqHu poAcrBeHil Bpb3Kvl c Kpan-cxoro ceuericreo. TR ce oMbxBa :a MaprArroan-Huxona Abo na Mor xa 24 roAunvtu craBa rpa$rann ,Quo na Mor Banoa.

Apyruflr 3aMeceH B cKaHAana e KapAu-ran npnuq flyn Auo Poar, rororo rpaSrrn,[uo na Mor uauunynupa,3a Aa nocrurHecBoure qenn. Kapguran fluo Poan e poAeHB eAHo or safr-enusrenuure 6naropo4uu-qecxn ceueficrBa B'bB Opanqun u ce noc-Beu{aBa na l-{upxeara, rrfi raro muoroxopa He ogo6pnear reKoMilcneHoro My 14

6eeorroeopHo noBeAeH ue. Mapran-Tepe:a,MMneparptaqara xa Aecrprn, e eAHa orHeroBure xyrhrenn u ero 3aulo xefinaraAbqepfl Mapnn-AnroaHera cbulo ro npe-ne6perea. Hegaencullo or roBa KapAuHaa

,{uo Poax ucKa Aa craue 6nugur c Kpanu-

uaTa Ha BcfKa qeHa tA c BCIA|]KJA cpeAcTBa,rti raro uua ann6uquRra ga 6u4e eAuH orKpancKhre Mr4Hl4crpt4. [ope-gony no roBaspenne rpaQrann ,{uo na Mor ce o6ptr.qaxum.{uo Poax, cua4aeafixu y uero Bneqar-neHvrero, qe ce noa3Ba c 6naropa:nonoxe-HileTO Ha KpaflrqaTa.

Cnope4 cnyxoBere eAHa Horq npe3 rcnu1784 r. rpaSwnn ,{uo na Mor monu 3a ay4vt-eHquf c KpanuqaTa oT uMero Ha Kap.quHan

.[uo Poau B rpaAilHure na 4eopeqa "Bep-cafi Kap4urnanur e o6tpxaH or Mt4cbrra3a cpeu{a c Kpanmqara, xo e 4ericrenren-HOCT Ce Cpeqa He c Hefl, a c npocrilTrrKa,Haera or rpaQunn ,[uo na Mo1 KoflTo MHoronpunuqa Ha Kpanuqara. I1o-rucno rpaQu-HFTa Ce Bb3nOr3Ba OT.qOBepUeTO, KOerO

h rnacyea,{uo Poan, Karo 3aeMa or HerofoIeMu napuqHil cyMh noA npeAnot qe u{e6u4ar r:noneBaHu 3a 6naroreopurenHure

( lpaSr,rHn flso na Mor -rflaBHnflT 3anoAo3pflH

e "A$epara c AhaMaH-renara orrpnnqa'iKOflTO AOnpilHacf

:a ue6yxeaHero

ua OpeucxarapeBonoqnF.

) Kapgnxan,luo PoaH

BOAU nOKBapeH XrBOIAaneq oT BFpaTa,

Ha KOflTO Cnyxh,

BbnpeKu qe npuHaA-

nextr KbM Bl4cilerogyxoeeucrso. Heroanre6one:HeHr au6nqnua 4eftcrsnrenroct ce

OKA3BAT B OCHOBATA HA

,t H u t4IleHTa,

Kay3u Ha Kpanhqara. f'lpe: noervrepu cbqararoAilHa rpaouHfl Abo na Mor uyea pa3roBopMexAy ABaMa KpaflcKr4 6uxyrepra - 6oeueu bacanx 3a roBa Ha KaKBvr rpygHocru ceHaTbKBaT npu npoAax6aTa Ha eAHa !r3Kn]o-quTenHo cKbna orbprl4qa, [3pa6oTeHa oT

rRx. Bnocne4crBme ro3l4 o6urnoeeH palro-Bop ce npeBpbqa B flAporo Ha "AQepara cAilaMaHTeHara orbpnilqa':

Orupnuqara, KoFTo npegu3-BlrKa peBoIKI4Uf,Ta

YHuKanHara AhaMaHreHa orbpnuqa,KORTO CnOpeA KnloKilTe CTpyBa ABa Mt4nuOHa

nuBpil, nbpBoHaqanHo e nopuuara or flynXV :a Heroeara Merpeca uagam .[ro 6apra.

Orupnuqara o6aqe ry6il ceon xynyeav, rufiKaTO MeTpecara e u3roHeHa or ABopeqacne4 BHe3anHara cMbpr Ha Kpanr.,{eauara6urxqrrepra, Kovrro il3nhrBar 3arpy4HeHilr cnpo4ax6ara ft, ce onhrear Aa r npeAno-xar Ha apucToKpaTu oT pa3nilqHil cTpaHu,no rutxofi He nporBrBa nHrepec 3apaAilnpeKaneHo Br4coKara fi qexa. B perynrarHa roBa 6raxyreprare ca ua pu6a xa Qanr,rlroraro rpaQrun fluo na Mor ce Bb3non3Baor curyaquflra. Tr sa6npx4aBa KapAnHan

,[uo Poax, qe Kpanhqara rafino ce HaArBa

Aa Kynh orbpnuqaTa h ucKa KapAilHanbrAapetlcrsa Karo HeuH nocpe4nr,rx. fluo Poas cec'braacsBa, c HagexAara ga cneuenu 6naro-pa3noIoxeHileTo Ha KpanuqaTa il oTuBa .qa

AoroBopr4 c4enra c 6r,rxyrepure 3a noKynKaHa ofbpnhqaTa u u3nnaulaHeTo Ha qeHaTa

Ha BHocKr4. Tofi npasn roea, noxaeeafixrvrM AoKyMeHI, xorlro eRpsa, qe e HanrcaH cnoqepKa Ha KpanilqaTa.

Kap4uranrr e3yrMa orbpnnqara h fl AaBaxa rpa$unn ,{uo na MoT, <osro o6eu.1aea

Aa n npeAaAe Ha Kpanrqara. BMecro roeaTfl CBarfl AraMaHTure u ru npoAaBa 3aArpaHilqa. Cne4 raro nonyqaBa orpoMHacyMa or npo4ax6ara Ha cKbnoqeHHureKaMbHr4, rpaQuxnra 3axuBflBa B pa3Korl.Ta e curypHa, qe KapAuHan,[uo Poar nnrvra

Aa n AaAe noA cbA 3apaAu att6wqnnre cu

Aa craHe MuHr4crbp, a 4a n paao6nuratt 6tA

o3HaqaBaro ga o6neul ny6nuuno xonxoHailBHo u rnynaBo e nocrunun. Cmrya-

quara o6ave npileMa HeoqaKBaH xog 14 B

rpariHa cMerKa vcruHara n3ru3a HaflBe.Koraro 6vrxyrepure ce rBflBar B ABopeqa,

3a Aa B3eMar nbpBara BHocKa, Mapnr-AHroaxera no6ecHRea, ue rpn6sa .qa nnarnof'bpnuqa, KofTo Hl4To e nopbqBana, Huroe nonyquna. Tn Hesa6aeHo cuo6u.laea naKpaan 3a nHqilAeHTa u ro Monr! Aa r 3AcHtA

cnryaqilFra no cuge6er peg.Ha 15 aerycr 1785 r. xap4ranan,[uo PoaH

e apecryBaH B ABopeqa "Bepcail", a rpuAHr no-K'bcHo e apecTyBaHa u caMara fpa-SurHn ,{uo na Mor. lz1 4eauara ca noABe-

AeHil noA orroBopHocr. Opanqyaure ca

chnHo B-b3MyreHh or cKaHAana. XoparaBfpBaT, qe Kpant4qaTa e BuHoBHa, a Kap-gnnan flso Poar e npocro MaHunyntapaHaxeprBa. C paseuruero Ha npoqeca ort43flBleHyrfTa Ha B-bBne'{eHuTe

'lnqa cTaBa

flcHo, qe flaBHnflT Br4HoBHl4K e rpa$raHa

fluo na Mor. OxonqarenHara npucb,qa noAenoro e o6neeHa cneABau{ara roguHa Ha

31 uari. Kap4ranan.Qso Poau e onpas4au, a

rpaSraxn .Quo na Mor e ocr4exa na 6oi cKaMUUK 14 XMTOCBaHe U e nO3OpHO 3aTBO-

pexa e"Cannerpuep'iCu4e6nara npuctga e ncrr4HcKo pa3o-

qapoBaHhe ra Mapun-AHToaHera, qhflropenyraqhr e cnnHo HaKbpHeHa. Ilyr,r XVI

e rorKoBa pa3rHeBeH, ve yeonnnsa luoPoax or nocra Kap,quHan. Xopara o6aveocrpo ce npoTl4BonocraBtT Ha To3M xoA 14

apncToKparuTe, queTo peueHue e npeHe-6pernaro sue BrpxoeHnfl cbA, ce c'bro3r-ear c o6qecrseHocrra. B peaynrar ua nnqr.r-

AeHTa xopara ry6nr goeepne B KpancKoroceNteficreo, a HenonynnpHocrra Ha Kpanil-qara cunHo pacre. lzlsry6eH a aBTopilTelbrHa KpaficKoro ceMeficreo, a ioBa HapeA cBcuqKM ocraHarr npuquHu BoAr4 Ao u36yx-BaHero na Opexcxara peBontoqilfl.

^ yHilKarrHara AnaMaHTeHa orbptlnL{a, KoflTo nonaAa

B qeHlbpa Ha cKaHAana, e oqeHeHa HaBpeMeTo Ha ABaMrfliloHa nliBpn.

fr,r.rHocTI,ITe, yJroBeHu BTIOTOKA HA EIOXAIHNTC

-CbOMTId'flAro penonrcuzf,Ta ue 6eure us6yxnana, Kpanr4rlara rrleme [aBoALr oxoneHxrrBor B ABopeqa "Bepcait".Llcropuxra o6aqe ne fi ro rro3BoJrfBa.

C npeuunaBaHero Ha KoHTponaHa1Abpx(aBara or KpancKoro cenaeficrno epbllere Ha HapoAa, Kpanl4llara na @panrJLrfl, vt xopara oKoJro Hefl. ca cloJrereHr{or rparr4trua crg6a.

Kpannr cnbHqe, KofiTo Hanara ABopr{oBurf ernKer, Mpa3eHor flooltHaraIlyu XIV (1638-1 71s)

3a xeHa raro Mapnn-AHToaHera B Haqanoro xt4Borbr B ABopeqa "Bepcari" e MHoro nexovrQopren. Tn cnRra, qe npaBunara u o6ut,aure canpeKaneHo MHoro, a ynrFara AoMauiHa aruoc$epa nilncBa uanunno. Ttfi Karo Mnagara Kpanuqa He Moxe Aa rbpnu Bcr4qKlr re3h cloxH4 npaBnfla

Ha noBerqeHue, TR ce onilTBa .qa Hanoxh ceor co6craeHt4 npaBuna g ceMeficreoro, Kot4To

o6aqe cauo npoBoKupar aHTunaruflTa ra neo4o6peunero Ha ABopr.loBara apucroKpaqnfl.Ilyu XlV, unu"Kpann cnrnr{e'l h3BecreH cbc cBoara pennuKa "[upxaeara - roBa cbM

ar'i uanara crporure npaBnna Ha ermKera B ABopeqa "Bepcah', Ha Kouro raKa eHeprnqHo

ce npol4Bonocraer MapuR-Anroasera. Tofi xacnegnea rpoHa nper 1643 r. eflBa Ha qeril-

pmroAilruHa Bb3pacr. flo-rucno, npes 1661 r. yMilpa HeroBusr nbpBl4 Mr4Hr4crbp KapAuHan

.[xynuo MarapuHu, xoiro ynpasnRBa crpaHara Karo pereHT or Bb3KaqBaHero My Ha npec-rona. Clqara roAuHa 3anoqBa peanHoro ynpaBrreHue na flyu XlV.

flo roea BpeMe B ABopa HflMa crporo ycraHoBeHu npaBmna unu nporoKon. oceeFl

roaa flapux e MHoro no-pa3nuqeH or AHeuHuF rvry o6pas Ha cBercKa cronnqa. l1o crqoroBpeMe rpaA'br e nbneH c pa:60inrar.lla, KpaAqu, MouJeHmqu u BcfKaKBu Apyril HenpuflrHr4

runoee. Tosa e npuqilHara, nopaAn xonro flyn XIV peuaea 4a npoMeHn HaqilHa Ha MmcreHe

u noBeAeHuero KaKTo Ha xopara or ABopeqa, TaKa u Ha rpaxAaHure. Tofi enpaa, qe 3a AaHaroxr4 aBropilTera Ha KpancKara uHcrtATyLltAn noBeqe or Bcr4r-rKo e neo6xo4nu crpor peA.

ExeAuearero Ha Kpanfl e npeBbpHaro B ptryanu - or MoMeHTa na cr6yxganero My AoBpeMero 3a xpaHeHe n pa6ora. c reqeuue Ha BpeMero, etanpueuafixu re3u npilHt-lnnu Ha

ermKera, apilcroKparure 3anoqBar Aa ce Abpxar Karo ilcrr4HcKr4 AaMu v rocnoAa. flo-xucnore3il MepKu BoAnr Ao pa3Bhrhero Ha "6nRcxaeara $peucra ABopqoBa Kymypa".

rlym XlVyruupa npea 1715 r. Ha ceAeMAecer il uecr roAr4ruHa Bb3pacr- nerAecer u ner

toAt Hu npeAu xeuur6ara ua Mapran-Auroanera :a $pencxr,rn npunq flyra-orocr. or cegeu-

AeceT u ABe foAr4ulHoTo c4 ynpaBrreHue B npoAbnxeH4e Ha TpUAeCeT U 4ee rOAUnn rOfi

BOOBa, 3a [a pa3uupr4 BnuflHilero ua $peucxrre 6yp6or-lrn e Eepona. flyra XIV ocraen cneA

ce6e cm pa3KoulHt4R o6par na AnHacrnrra na 6yp6onrare!pe3 ABopeqa "Bepcail,,.

a

a

Ta e nocneAHara Merpeca Ha Flyil XV.

Kpanrr nopbcBa x3pa6orBaHero Ha AnaMaH-TeHa ofbpnxqa KaTo noAapbK 3a He9.

llo-rtcxo o6aqe oropnhqara ce npeBpbqas o6exr xa rparguo3eH cKaHAan, B Kofiroe 3aMeceHo ffMero Ha Mapnfl-AHToaHera.

-------{ Pa:6uparencrao,npilnTeIcTBO

.€ Potr,lanrnvua aptlxa

-----l Bpax4e6tra oTHoueHl4ffJtbpFE xeHa - npxtrenKa Ha Maptr9-AHToaHera

Ha ceeeMHaAecer toAuHu r9 ce oMbxBa 3a

nyH-AneKcaHArp Auo 6yp6ox fl exrneep,npnHq AboJlaM6an. CneA peBonoq4era e

o6e:rnaeexa, rui xaro He ce orpuca or cBoflTa

npeAaHocr KbM Kpanff.

Merpeca Ha tlyu XV qecro HapncaHa"MxHtrcrbp-npeAceAarengT Ha OpaHqh9". Tr AaBaer:uoxnocr ra OpaHqur u ABcrpns Aa craHarcbn3Huqu, cneA Karo y6exgaea xpaln Aa ce cbrnacn

fla npneMe npeAnoxeHrero Ha Maptrfl-Tepe3a -rMnepaTprqaTaHa ABcrpufl.

BentrKufl r My3uKaHr cpeu{a Maprg-AHToaHeraHa KoHqepr, B ABopeqa "lllboH6pyH'i Koraro e Ha

6 roAtrHu. Mapuff-AHToaHera My noMara Aa cetr3npaBx, cneA Karo ce flpenbBa. Ka3Bal ce

Moqapr ce ero6ea Ha qaca B MaaAara epqxepqo-ruun r fr o6eqasa ga ce oxeHgr eAilH AeH.

Opeacxu repofi, xoiTo e npoBb3rnaceH3a xMnepaTop cneA ycraHoBfBaHe Ha

BOeHHaTa AUKrarypa npe3 nepuoAa Ha BbnHeHus,

nocnegean Opeucxara peeonnqnn. Toi cexeHn 3a nneMeHHtrqara Ha Maptrt-AHToaHera -Mapnfl-nyu3a, Abr4epe Ha OpaHq ll - rMneparopHa CBeqeHara puMcKa uMnepilfl.

,[o6pe ureecrex aptrcroKpar B 6peraH.

no BpeMe Ha "AOepara c AraMaHTeHara ofrpnuqa"npe3 1 784 n rori e Marunynupar or rpa$nxr

Abo na Mor CneA Karo u3MaMara e pa3KpffTa,

e apecryBaH, Ho B Kpaftna cuerxa e onpaegan.

FluAep Ha peBonoquoHepilTe npe3paxxara vacr na OpeHcKara peBonoqun.nocBeqaBa ce Ha ycraHoBffBaHero

Ha KOHCTrTyqtrOHHara MOHapXUfl ,

KO9TO Ce CTpeMu Aa npoAbnxhcbqecrByBaHero Ha xpancroro ceueicreo.

6aHKep, Ha3HaceH 3a mnrucrlp na Qrxarcureno npenopbKa Ha Mapun-Arroauera. 3agavaraMy e Aa Bb3craHoBff Quxaxcure sa Arpxaeara,KotrTo ca B oKaflHo crcroFHue. Toi e nonyflflpeHcpeA xopaTa n yBonHeHreTo My e enxH oT

cruMynure, AonptrHecru :a u:6yxaaxeroHa OpeHcKara peBonpqur.

l-paSnxn fiuo na Mor(1756-17911

Tfl e rnaBHuflT BtrHoBHtrK 3a "Aoepara c 4uauanretala orrpnnqa'inpe3 1784 r. nptrAo6rga c u:uama cxtf,ara orbpnuqa Ha MaAaM

.qb 6aph, pa3ftcBa fl Ha napqera tr npoAaBa AuaMaHTure 3aA

rpaHuqa. no-KbcHo cneA pa3Kpnrnero Ha u3MaMara e apecryBaHa,

u3npaBeHa Ha cbA u:areopera. Pa:6usa penyraqtrrra Ha

Kpanuqara AonbnHurenHo, Karo nuue meuoapute cr e Axmur,cne4 6rrcreoro or :areopa.

MaAam Abo noMnaAyp(1721-17641

Kapguxan fiuo Poax(1 734-1803)

^ Iu,lHocr[Te B cuBhre Kapera ca npeAcraBeHr B Ta3n riaBa.

E4uncrBeHnfr Mrrll(, Ha Kororo Bf pBa caMorHara KpalnqaFpaQ Xaxc Axcen Qor Oep3eH (1 755-1810)

OepaeH e poAeH npe3 1755 - ro4nHara, B Konro e poAeHa il MapilF-AHroaHera, B

ceMetrcrBoro Ha uBeAcKt4 A'bpxaBHnK. llpu ceon coquafieH Ae6Pr B llapnx Ha oceMHa-

AeceTroA[lxHa B'b3pacT 6rpso npvrsnuqa nomeAilTe Ha AaM[re oT BvlcueTo o6qecrBo.

flupeara My cpeqa c Mapun-AHroaHera e Ha 30 rHyapu 1774 r. no BpeMe Ha 6an c

MacKil.,[eauara ce cpeu{ar HffKoflKo n}Tu Ha opraHu3upaHnre B ABopeqa rbpxecrBa

r craBarAocra 6nu3Kl4.qerrapn roAvtHl4 no-KbcHo, npe3 1778 r., npil 3aBpbu{aHero Ha

Oepaex BbB OpaHqltn ABaMara ce Bnto6Bar. Cropo o6ave uBe4cKt4rr 6naropo4nrr

oTn'bTyBa oTHoBo Karo Ao6poBofleq BbB QpeHcxara apuufl, Koffro noAKpenfl aMepilKaH-

cK[Te cilnil BbB BofiHara 3a He3aBuct4Mocr. BbnpeKu Bcr4qKo, Bb3nnaMeHeHVTe lACKpVt

Ha crpacrra HrKoFa He yracBar. Tofr ce eplqa BbB opaHquff rpu roAuHl4 no-KbcHo npe3

1783 r.n ocraBa B flapilx, orKa3BafiKil BcrKaKBu npeAnoxeHilff 3a 6paK. OepseH nocBe-

u.laBa xuBoTa cu Ha Kpannqara, Karo He ce oTAerR or Hefl.

llpn ns6yxeaHero Ha OpeHcxara peBorttoqnr rofi peuaBa Ea ocraHe B flaprx u

nnaHupa 6Rrcreoro Ha KpancKoro ceMefrcrBo npe3 1791 r. rqopr4 Heqo noBeqe, rofr

npoAbnxaBa Aa noMara Ha KpancKoTo ceMeficTBo il cneA HeroBoTo 3aTBapflHe.

Cne4 ersexyqurra Ha Mapnn-Ar'lroaHera, rpa$ Xasc Axcen QoH OepreH ce Bp'bqa

clKpyueH B poAuHara cn. llo-KbcHo craBa AilnfloMarrqecKvl npareHnK, HO e y6rr or

6aH4a npecrunHilLl4 B Croxxonnn npe3 1810 r.

IlpngeopHara flaMa, Kof,To n3non3ea 6naroBoreHuero HaKpannqaTa 3a cBof lr3roAaXepqonann,Quo fl onunRx (17 49-17 g3l

Xeprlorrann ,{uo flonraHnr ycnnBa Aa cneqenu 6naroeoneHrero Ha Kpanuqara noBeqe or BceKLl 4pyr. Tn e Milna il npilBneKarenHa AaMa, anpilFTencrBoro ilM e ronKoBa 6nwzxo, Lle craBa noBoA HrKol4 Aa BflpBaT, ile ABere ca noBeqe or npocro 4o6pra npr,lnrenxu. flpureupsaHocrra Ha

xepqorilHflTa KbM KpanilLlara o6aqe He e HanbnHo ilcKpeHa; rfl nonyqaBa uuoro o6raru, vtanunynwpahxuMapun-AnroaHera.

Egran ger'r, roraro Mapun-Axroaxeta nilra xepLlorilHnra rar4o rpn6Ba Aa HanycHe ABopeqa, rfl fl nornex4ail Ka3Ba: "He uora ga pa6orn ryK noBeqe, rttTt xaro Bb3HarpaxAeHuero Ml4 e npeKafleHo nrcxoj'KpanraqaraHesa6aeHo ypexAa npilABopHara ri garua Aa nonyqaBa ro4fiuHa 3annara B pa3Mep Ha oceMgecer xvnAEtA

ntABplt,Karo A Ha3HaqaBa 3a ryBepHaHTKa, a mtxur fi:a orroBopHilK no noAAp'bxKara Ha KpancKure KoHrourHr.

Toea o6aqe ce oKa3Ba HeAocrarbqHo, rufi xaro pa3xoAure Ha xepqoruHn fluo flonmHRx npo4bnxaBarcrpeMrnaBo Aa HapacrBar. Cyvrara, KoffTo rfl r ceneficteoro tl nonyvaeal Aocrilra oKoflo nercroruH xvnflAnnilBpn roAvltllHo. B AeficrevrrenHocr KpanilLlara nnaula BcuqKllre AbnroBe Ha oqapoBarenHara AaMa.

OceeH roea Mapun-Axroanera Ha3HaqaBa netiHun cBeKbp 3a AunroMar B lJJeerZqapran, geeepa ri 3a KanilraHeus Qnora, a cecrpara Ha cbnpyra fi :a npugeopna EaMa Ha npilHqeca Enusa6er - cecrpara Ha Kpanr.

lle4pocrra na Mapur-AHroaHera xuM ceMefrcreoro Ha xepqoruuR,{oo flonuuRx npeAu3ByrKBa Bpax-4e6Hocr KaKro or crpaHa Ha Apyrure apilcroKparu, raKa il or crpaHa Ha o6ilrHoeeHilre xopa. Toea ecrecr-BeHo HaK'bpHflBa AonbnHilTenxo gocrofiHcrBoro 14 nonynfpHocrra Ha Kpanuqara.

lea 4nra cneA qypMa Ha Eactrnusra npes 1789 r. xepqoruHn lso flonunnx HanycKa crpaHara 3aeA-Ho cbc cel\netlcreoro cil, Karo u3ocraBf Maplrn-ArlroaHera, KoflTo ce rphxr4 3a Hefl TolKoBa fo1n1u.Xepqornnnra yMrpa B lJJeeraqapr,rn qerupvr roAtAHVt no-KbcHo, MarrKo cneA xaro paa6rapa 3a eK3eKyqr4gra Ha

Mapnn-Anroanera.

.i

ApucroKparrrT peBonpr4ldoHepr KofiTo cKnpqBa rafi Hocnopa3yMeHne c Kpannqara 3a pecraBpaqnA Ha KpancKara BracTIpa$ ,[uo Mrapa6o (I749-1791)

e o6trcipnrieTo ria Opeucxara petsotlroql4F rpaQ luo Mrapa6o, rorlro snpea B KoHcrl4ryr-lyroHHara MoHapxilfl or aurnnhcxw riln, ce 6opra ga3ana3u HerioK"b'r'Ha"i-cc1 ia ira $peHcxara KopoHa. Korato vonn 3a ayAileHqilff c Kpanr o6ave, paa4paaueH or $axra, qe BoAy nperoBopyr qpe3 Kopec-;roHlleHqilfi' Kl.'ai'll-K/ii-e abBerHtlqvi, Kol4'ro ro Bb3npheMaT Karo eAilH oT peBonoqr4oHepilTe, My oTKa3BaT. fio-xrcHo rora ce npuqenea e Mapun-AH-roaHe-ia. razeatTxu."l/l[ a caMU eAnH Mbx, ocBeH Kpanl, vt roBa e Kpanilqara."Cropo npe3 o1t4 1790 r.rchycngBaAa ce cpeqHe iatHU c xpann. Cnopeg c.nyxoBere cneA cpeulara rofi raeea Ha Kpanilqara:"...xpancreoro ce cnaceso."

lpaQ a]uo Mr,lpa6o e riatjii ronemnsr oqenln cfiH Ha il3BecrHuff no roBa BpeMe uKoHoMr4cr - MapKil3 fluo Mupa6o,vT Kcll.!; !"o Hac.ileAFlBa lviltara "t paQ'i Oamran vtflra My ce ropAee c noKoneHmfl 3ApaBu v KpacwBu Mbxe il ecrecrBeHot'auiara i bfyFla, -qe iitiqerd Ha HeroBl4F ciaH e o6cmnaHo c 6enesil, cneA Karo Ha rpylrogilulHa Bb3pacr 6one4yea oreApa ij.iapKa

loia ee norrefiea ra ea6pannnla ua leHepaflHl4re ularil, Kor4To npoBoKupar ra:6yxear.rero ua (DpeHcKara peBolto-4iitflt Kait lrp€Aal'aB/i'r-en Ha iileTolo CbcnoBfie, BbnpeKil qe e apilcroKpar. llne4oaprarTe My B 3au.lilra Ha 6ypxoa-svtfi'ta il u6viRnueeHule xopa te enaBFT c KpacHopeqre il ,{3Kfltor.il4TenHil norilTl4qecKu KaqecrBa. Koraro Ha 23 oHt4'l /89 i Klib,llKhi'€il€li€ldr.Li Hacr'oFBar lineHoBere Ha Cr6panuero Aa HanycHar 3anara, rori orypaxaea ocraHarureqtleHoBe ira Cl6pairuei'o e/Korro Hero, Karo ce npoeuxaa:"Kaxere Ha ro3yl, rotlro eh e il3nparun, qe Hyre cMe ryK noBoi'lffl-A Ha HapOAa n u{e HariyCHeM, ripLlHyAeHm CaMO OT CilnaTa Ha qrxOeereJ,

ipa<f ffoo Mvrpa6o, KoilTo no'KbcHo craBa BoAarr Ha nxo6rnqure, e Ha3HaqeH 3a npeAceAaren xa HaquouanroroclOparrne irlle3 fiHyapil 1791 r.1o,ir ce 6opr,r nnaMeHHo Aa 3ana3m KparcKara uHcruryqul, Karo no44bpxa KoHcrr4ry-qviohHa'l'a MoHapxi4fl. U6palxo Ha oqaKBaH[Fra il Ha aphcroKparrre, ra Ha Mapun-AsroaHera o6aqe, rorl yMilpa BHe-3ar'iHc i.lp€3 ailpl4r1 .buiald roAilHa. Torl e ntpeurr qoBeK, norpe6aH e "flaHreona"- rpo6raqe 3a BenilKh $paHqyera.Txrto-to rvry t,6ave e npeMeLieHo tneA ABe railvtltA, Koraro e o6seex 3a npeAaren 3apaAu craHanoro o6ulouseecrnorafiiro criupa:yMeHi4€ c Kparin.

IlporpecnBHyrnT peBonxlqnoH€pr KofiTo n3npaqa Kpanr ur

KpanuqaTa Ha rnrornHaraMaxcnnaruraH Po6ecnuep (1 7 58-1794)

llpea 1 791 r. cne'r1 HeycneuHoro 6Rrcreo il 3araBffHero Ha KpancKoro ceMefrcreo peny6nrxaHrlnre, Kovrro npu3oBaBar 3a cyBepeHnrer Ha

HapoAa, neqeflffr Bce no-ronrMo BJl4ffHue. llpes uapr 1792r.ce $opvrrapa xa6uHel, e roiro cpeg peny6nraKaHqure AoMmHupar xilpoHAVtcrtA'

re. flo-ronRalara r{acr or rlreHoBere Ha HaqroHanHnF KoHBeHT ca peny6nnraHqn, Ho yMepeHilre xilpoHAt4crl4 u nporpecilBHure nxo6ruqr

ce nor3Bar c H3KnK,qyrrerHo Bnt4nHue. Ipea cenremepn cbu{ara ro4nHa cBnKaHilflT Hoe HaquoHaJIeH KoHBeHT orMeHff MoHapxuflTa n npoB'b3-

rnacnBa OpaHqr,rn ra peny6nrxa.

,{oxaro Rro6nHqure HacroflBar 3afloBeHoro KpancKo ceMeficreo 4a 6rge il3npaBeHo Ha cbA, xt4poH-

At4crilre no-cKopo ce nport4BonocraBrr Ha ra3il r4es. Po6ecnuep - Bo4aq'br na Rro6uuqnte, e rogn, roitooc'bxga Kpanfl B Haquouanuun KoHBeHT vv3Hacfl npoqyrara pev:'Iyur rpn6ea Aa yMpe,3a Aa xuBee Abp-

xaeara." Karo aABoKar npes 1 789 r. rofi e us6paH 3a Aenyrar e FeHepanuure qarr il ce npilcbeAnHflBa K-bM

peBon roLll4oH HoTo ABuxeH ile.

Jlyra XVI e eK3eKyrnpan na 21 nHyapil 1793 r., cneA Karo e o6seeH 3a BmHoBeH no BpeMe Ha npoqeca Ha

15 nHyapu. HoeuHara 3a eK3eKyLlr4RTa Ha Kpanfl uoKilpa MoHapxulaTe e Eepona n HarucKbr cper4y OpaHrlran

craBa Bce no-ct4fleH. flro6uHqnre, BoAeHil or Po6ecnuep, rofiro 3acraBa Haqeno Ha peBontoqtaoHHoro npa-

BnrercrBo cne4 r3roHBaHero Ha xupoHgvrcrrre or HaqroHarHufl KoHBeHl noAAbpxar peBontoquoHHt4r

repopyt3'bM - "ynpaBneHue ua repopa'i Koero npoAbnxaBa or 6 cenremepr 1793 r. go 28 rcnu 1794 r.

6ponr ua xopara, Koylro craBar xeprBr4 Ha pexilMa, e Heu3BecreH, Ho no npeqeHKa Bapupa or ABa4ecer

AO nerAecer xrrrnn4ra 4yu.rrrr. Trrfi xaro nRua oQvrrluanura perucrpl4 o6a.{e, uuxorl He Moxe Aa norBbpAil re3u

,.,tilcna. funorilHara ce npeBpbqa B cuMBon Ha "ynpaeneHuero Ha repopa" u xarro Mapun-AHroaHera, raxa

vr MHoFo Apyn4 qneHoBe Ha KpancKoro celaeficreo ry6nr xneora cu no ro3t4 HaquH.

Ha 27 r,nvt 1794 r., cne4 "repMilAopnaHcKl4fl npeBpar" (ArpxaeeH npeBpar Ha 9 Teprvrrzrgop rograHa ll)

"ynpaBneHr4ero Ha repopa"cBbpuBa. Po6ecnuep"Heno4rynHun"e ocbAeH Ha cMbpr 6e: ctg u e eK3eKy-

rupaH Ha cneABaulilfl AeH Ha "flnac guo na Peeonocvlou".Tozw, xorZro rarnpauqa KpancKoro ceMefrcreo Ha

cM'bpr, HaMr4pa cBoflTa cMbpr noA 6esMunocrHoro ocrpile Ha rilroruHara.

Bnencxunr 6raorpaQ, rofiTo Bprru{a KrrM )r(urBor rpeuHnqara,npeBprrqafi Kw A a TparuqHa repolrHnl{eQan [eafi r (1 881 -19421

floeeqero 6urorpaQrara xa Mapun-AHroaHera ca HanucaHil or aBropr4, KotAro vnu R o6erHReal VntA A 3auluragar. 9ecro Kpr4rnKara ce o6oc-

rpfl, 3apaAh reo6xo4nuocrra Aa ce HaHece peuyrreneH yAap Bbpxy KpancKara vHcrvryqvfl n Aa ce onpaBAarr

peny6nnxanqrare. B pe:ynrar Ha roBa e Hanmlle reHAeHllr4fl Kpannqara Aa ce npeAcraBr 3HaqnrenHo no-rpeulHa n

nopoqHa, orKonKoro e e geficreurenHocr.3apagu roea Mapran-AHroaHera e npeAcraBnHa raro cuo6 n xeHa npa-

xocHnqa, ta3qepnaura HaquoHanHure Qunancra ra Opanrlran, Korro craBa npuqilHa la ua6yxeauero na Peeonoqunra.

EraorpaQranra, HanncaHa or l-learir o6aqe, xsxax cil npoMeHfl o6paaa Ha Kpanilqara. Tofi vrro6paeRea Mapun-

Axroanera no eAuH MHoro no-pa3nuqeH HaqrH, Karo 3arpuxera naafixa, xoRro o6uqa cBofl cbnpyr u Aeqa, Aopt4

cneA KaTo e 3anoBeHa, Ao AeHf Ha cBorra eK3eKyquF.

leafir, xofiro u3pacrBa e 6oraro eepeficxo ceMeficreo sre Buexa, e aecrpnficxtt poMaHuc1, ApaMarypr il xyp-Hanilcl xoftro pa6oru ychneHo,3a Aa nonynflprarrapa pa6orure Ha qyxAecrpaHHure nucarern, c Kor4To ilMa B3au-

MoorHo[JeHntr, Karo HanpuMep BenuKiln Potrneg PonaH. Heroenqr ranaHT 3a nucaHe Ha noeMil e Bcenpu3Har ot.t.1e

B paHHara My Bb3pacr. Ha 4ea4ecer u eAHa roAr4Hr4 rofi n:4aea cruxocSupxara "Cpe6upHr,r crpynv", a npe3 cneA-

Bau.lara roAuHa - c6opunxa c KparKu pa3Ka3u"flrpeo npexilBrBaHe'i flpes 1932 r. u3AaBa 6raorpaQnvuun poMaH

"Mapnn-Anroanera", c rorlro yreupx4aea uef,uun o6pas na rparuqHa Kpannqa.

Cneg raeu reop6a, nper 1938 r. roir ce caMo3aroqaBa, rrrfi xaro HeHaBuxEa HaqucrilTe, npegBoxgaHu or

Xrarnep. flo-xrcro ce cauoy6uaa, otpaeaitxn ce ua 22 Qeepyapu 1942 r.

fp errrHtrrla vilw MbrreHr,rqa?WcroprrlnTe Bce oue He caeAnHoAyrrrHr,roqeur<ara Ha rrcroprrqr{Te :a Mapur-Anroauera AT,nro BpeMe -s ilpeAcraBte o6pasa fr na nelropalrHa, rperuHa u noporrHa xeHa. B uocne4Hrzre roAr4HH

o6aqe ce pa3Kpr{Bur 14 rr3rr,KBar apyru acneKTr{ sa :aeirr*rfl xapaKrep. Kparlxn rpafl4rreH e xlrBorrbr Ha eAHa xeHa, quero ryp6yleHTHo cbrrlecrByBaHe rrleoKaxe roJr-f,Mo BrrrrflHne BT,pxy xreHrrre e 6r4erqero.

XVIII BeK - erroxara, B Kosro r(enrrrenpIr4o6Iaear Bce rlo-fo!'Ifl Ma B!'Iacr

ilPE3 XVllt B. B EBPOIA ce ycraHoBFBa enoxara

r- rHa ,tMneparpill_lytre il Kpanilqilre. Kparuqa Ar-ra,

poAeHa e AHrnilR npe: 1665 r., ycnnBa Aa cKnoqil Er,lHac-

rrqeH cblo3 c llJornau4ur v cnnpa HapacrBat4oro Bnu-

FHrle Ha Qpeucrrar repora lyra lV - "Kpann cnrnqe'i e

lepuaHuR n Xonan4nn. llpe: 1740 r. Mapr,rr-Tepe:a, rraarZ-

Kara Ha Mapun-Anroanera, ycnflBa Aa noeMe rc3AilreHa ynpaBneHilero HaA Xa6c6yprcxara nmnepun. A nper1762 r. Exatepr'tHa ll craea ilMneparpuqa r.ra pycran, yee-

,ttqaeailKvt repL4Toplilnra Ha rMnepunra, xaro npno6-qasa llonrua '14 ApynA repy]ropli4t4 oxoro t-lepuo ruope.

Opanqran He e il3KroqeHne. Kparrr paz6wpa ce e Mbx'Ho KpancKara Merpeca ua4an ,!uo llovrna4yp qecro eHaprlqaHa "Ml4Hncr-bp-npe4ceAarenr e cflHKa,; a MaAaM

!o Sapr - Apyra KpancKa Merpeca, cbt{o ce craBil c

rorr fi Mo BntAfr HVe HaA non rirL4 qecrara o6cra Hoe xa.

B geicreurennocr xeHllTe ua flapux ca re3u, KolijronoBexAar AeMoHcrpaqilnre, r'upcefixu xpaHa B ABo-peqa "Bepcara'i Tosa peeornlliloHHo ABilxeHile e npH-qrlHa KpanFT fl celneficreoro My Aa ce npeMecrnT B

ABopeqa "fnunepv". Koraro rnaeHilRr o6enuuren XaxPer-re Xe6epr ,t3Jiara npe4 peBonrcqiloHHun ctgo6eu-HeHL4ero B KpbBocMeueHile no Aeroro cpeqy Mapnr_AnroaHera, noA Et4KTaropcrBoro Ha po6ecnrzep,

xeHr.lTe B cb4a, uyeauxu orBparilTenHilre o6euHeHyrq,

3anoqBaT 4a cbqyBcTBaT Ha KpanilqaTa.

llpueeuep Po6ecnraep e yBeAoMeH nogpo6Ho 3a xoAa

Ha Aenoro il e il3yMeH or rnynocrra Ha ucropnnra. Totl

ce onraKBa: "Karce mynar e Xe6ept, ga rZ gage ny6-ruuHa no6e4a B nocneAHufl rvtouenrl'flo epeuero na

PeeonrcqnRra xenrre npllgo6t/tBar Bce no-ronflMa Bnacr.

Bt:paxgaulrqr ce KoHTpayAapB paarapa na (DpeHcrara peBonoqilR cu6utvna

craBar Bce no-paAilKanHil. EgNonmvuara Bracr Ha

rxo6ruqrre, BoAeHil or Po6ecnrzrep, ce il3pa3flBa B

Kaprrua or XVlll s. u:o6pa:neaMapun-Anroaxera npeAfl Aa noeMeKbM Mflcroro ra ex:exyqnrra,3anoAApbxHilqilTe Ha MoHapxrFTa Tfl ce

npeBpbqa BbB BecHa reponHfl KaTo

"xpanrqara mlvenuqa'i

^ Pycxara nMneparpnlla EKarepr4Ha ll. Ts e ronxoea enacreFlcyeepeH, KonKoro il MatZKara Ha Mapnt-Auroatera -Mapun-Tepe:a, h pa3u rpfl Ba 3HaLlff renHo npeBb3xoAcrBorona Pycun na4 clceAH[re i 4tpxaen.

nouexrqy Hlt B Hauero co6crseno Hel4actue!'

T. Hap."ynpaBneHile Ha repopa'i Koero BKnoqBa nbtlHo

noTilcH14LlecTBo Ha BcilLlK14 0n03nLlhoHH14 naprnt4.

llo epeue Ha ro3t4 nepho4 xvnflAn rpaxAaHil KaKro

Ha llaprx, TaKa il or t-lflnara crpaHa, BKnoqilTerHo

Mapran-AnroaHera, ca eK3eKyrl/paHil. Karo oteereFl

y4ap cpeqy rilpaHurra, Qparqrrrnra Ha Po6ecnr,rep

e nporoHeHa cne4 npeBpaTa, HapeqeH "repMuAopl4-

aHcKr4t npespar", Ha 27 nnv 1794 r. Ponnuctxvat

narep, roftro ce 6opu 3a Bb3craHoBflBaHe Ha MoHap-

xnflra, pa3uuprBa cBoero BnvAHVe. He cneg g'unro

Hanoneou ce npoBb3rnacnBa 3a ilMneparop, cneA

Karo BoeHHilTe 3aB3eMar BnacrTa v nontArvKara, v

Opencxara peBonoqr4n n pu Ktt toLl Ba.

llonuruqecrara crcreMa na OpaHqun npexilBFBa oule

c'brpeceHufl cneA naAaHero Ha HanoneoH u B-b3pax-

AaHero Ha AuHacrilflra na 6yp6or-rrare npil fiyn XVlll

(rpa$ Ha flpoeaHc), c ycraHoBflBaHero Ha peny6nnxar-

cKo ynpaBneHile cre4 PeeonollrlnTa or 1 848 r., c nolBara

Ha (Dpeucxara ilMnepilfl npu Hanoneon lll h etscraHoer-

BaHero Ha peny6nmraHcroro ynpaBneHile npe: 1871 r'

flpu crLqecrseHure npoMeHil e raan ryp6yneHrHa enoxa

xeHilTe 3anoqBar Aa ce AilcraHqilpaT or nonilTilKara.

He cne4 A-bnro/ cpe4 nofltlrilqecKhre B'bnHeHhF h

cMflHaTa Ha npaBilTencTBa, oTHOUeHl/1eTO n olleHKara

KbM rilna MoHapxufl, ottt4llerBoprBaHa or flyu XVl,

3anoqBa Aa ce npoMeHfl cbulecTBeHo.

Xopara 3anoqBar Aa rnegar na Mapun-AnroaHera

no cbBceM pa3nilqeH HaqilH/ KaTO Ce pa3AenflT Ha

TaKilBa, Kor4To R KpurnKyBar raro "6ernpeqeAeHrHo

noKBapeHa xeHa" u raKilBa, xowto i' cbqyBcrBar Karo

"rparuunara xpanuqa'i l-lpea 'l 815 r. Iyu XVlll ercxy-

Milpa renara na Mapun-Ar-rroaHera vt llyr'tXVl, Kol,4ro ca

u3ropeHil e rpo6raqero "fluo MagelnH', u rn norpe6ea

orHoso e 6agilnilrara "Cen !er'rra" - cBerr4nilulero,

K-b4ero ca norpe6anu BcilqKil KpancKri oco6ra. [ope-

AOny no ToBa BpeMe ABrxeHilero 3a Bb3craHoBt-

BaHe Ha penyraqilflTa Ha Kpanuqara na6rpa cxo-

pocT Ao TaKaBa cTeneH, qe Ha MflcTOTO, K'bAeTO HflKOra

ce v31tAra rpo6rar4ero "Iuo MagenraH'; e nocrpoeHa

qbpKBa B naMer Ha KpancKoro ceueicrgo.

^ tpaBopa or XIX B. u3o6pa3tBa noBropHoro norpe6erreHa flyn XVI u Maprn-AHroarera npe3 nepuoAa Ha PecraBpaqrffra

npe3 1815 r.

2

fluoHep Ha cbBpenreHHara SpeHcnaK\rrypa

llporneto Ha HeraruBHytre L4cropL4qecKu oqeHKrl 3a

Kpantzqarar Maprn-AnroaHera oKa3Ba ToriffMo Blrlr-Hrie Bbpxy Qpencxara Kynrypa. TR nanara crL4na Ha

TOreMilTe ctroxHt/l yKpaceHfi npilqecKrl, Hocl4 KopceT/,3a Aa noAqepTae cBoflTa TafiyiF KaKTO KOTaTO e B ABOpa,raKa 7r npeA o64ecreoro. B a6conroreH KoHTpacr Ha

eKcrpaBaraHTHoro ii o6lerno, Koraro e e nrc6nnorocV cKpvtBanr4lJe * "Manxun Tprzranou'i rr Hoctl KocaTa

cn ceo6o4uo, rpilMltpaHa e reKo u e odreqeHa e

runxra, 6e:QopMeHil poKnil.

Tosri "ecrecreen" uogeH crilr e xapaKTepeH 3a

Maplrn-Anroanera il oKa3Ba BfiriFHLle KaKTo Ha apr-croKparriqHrre cbnpyrrl, TaKa r Ha iurpoxara ny6_

,,rrKa/ Ho ct,LqeBpeMeHHo nopaxAa Kp14Tl/Kara Ha

uapeABopr_ll4Te, Kot/lTo fo B-b3npileMaT KaTO Ililnca Ha

5,ra ron prnu v re.Mo4ara B rpbqKli4 tAnn pvtMc<Vt crytl, Korro Harara

Bpb3BaHeTO Ha reHTa Ha HL1BOTO Ha f-bpAr1Te, 3a Aa Ce

noAqepTaflT naAaqrlTe nr4Huv Ha ApexLlTe,3anoqBa [acraBa nonyrfipna. Crnllr ua o6luqane MHoro Hano-go6rea tozu, v=o6pa3eH Ha Kaprr4Hara ',Ceo6o4ara

BoAn Hapo4a" or luorarpoa - nbpBTtF xyAoxHytK orSpencxara poMaHrrlqHa uKora. Taar xaprrua ce npe-Bpbula Bt,B BAbxHoBeHrle:a "Crarynra na Cso6o4ara,i

Kofiro AHec ce HaM/pa s Hro lziopx. Togrl oco6eHMOAeH CTL4I nO-KbCHO Ce OKaqecTBFBa KarO cTr4ta Ha

Peny6nnxa Opanqrn.Ct,c ceoRra xeHrr6a Maplln-AuroaHera BHacfi cbLl_lo

vt Ho3t/l xpaHrlTenHil npo4yKT7l SrrA opanqrl, Har,,1_

ga6erexureleH e ByteHcKl/lflT cnellilanilTer Kpoaca-Ht1 <ofiro s,qeicrerreluocr craBa nonyJtlpeN ilrroro6t,pao. llec KpoacaHbr e BaxHa qacr or 3aKycKara B

qnra Opauqun. l_lelyexara, KoFTo qecro ce r3ror,r3Banp14 npyirorBFHero Ha $pericxrur Aecepr14, cbu.lo e

AoHeceHa or Bnesa or Maprn-AnroaHera.

^ OpeHcKilflr HapoA crtp6u:acMbprra Ha Maprn AuroaHera -"rparilqHara xparrqa'1.[opn gsecra

roAilHil cneA cMbpta tt ucropvataHe e il3Blpurna nbnHa oLleHKa Ha

HetrHara nilqHoct

o Kpoacastl Aosecesf bpBoHaqafl Ho or ABcrpilror Maprn AHroaHera, AHec e

cfiMBOn Ha pa3tfrqHr BilAoBe

xrsS ete OpaHqra.

g-"

v '43BecrHara

raprnua "Cso6opara sopr HapoAa" (1 830 n) Ha AbonaKpoa, Korro BAbxHoBffBa n:pa6orearero ua ,,Crarynra Ha

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ear TlgtoqHa Eepona, ca pa3KnareHil.,Quec npn npeo-

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ua (Dpencxara peBonoLlttfl e aBToKparilqHa t,4 3aroBa

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Mapur-AuroaHera, nocraBeHa

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ABaMaTa BFpBaLill/l Karon[qu'xorro uary6ear csofl xflBor B

cMyrHilTe BpeMeHa Ha OpercxarapeBonloLlrF.

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