1

mariam RvTismSobeli1

yovelive zemoTqmulis fonze gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, rom msoflio poezia-

Si asaxuli mravali merisagan gansxvavebiT, iqneba es baironis, Sellis, puSkinis

Tu lermontovis meri, galaktionTan meri RvTismSoblis kategoriaSia ayvanili:

aq mravalia cisferi feri!

es feri marad Tvals eyvareba,

rogorc qalwulis saxeli – meri

aris cisferi da mwuxareba.

(`gzaSi~)

am SemTxvevaSi beatriCe gvaxsendeba dante aligieris `RvTaebrivi

komediidan~, sadac is, rogorc poetis maradiuli megzuri, mecxre caze

RvTismSoblis xatebad gamogvecxadeba.

galaktionTan RvTismSoblis xatebad meria danaxuli. amgvar xedvas, rogorc

Cans, im garemoebam Seuwyo xeli, rom inglisur enaze, anu im enaze, romelzec iS-

va xateba baironiseuli merisa, “Mary” _ mariamia, – RvTismSoblis saxeli.

1915 wels, im wels, rodesac pirvelad gamoqveynda leqsi `Meri~, galaktioni

qmnis RvTismSoblisadmi miZRvnil uaRresad STambeWdav leqss _ `saRamo~, sadac

poeti aTonis mTis iveriis monastris karibWis RvTismSoblis xats mimarTavs.

aTonis iveriis RvTismSoblis xati, igive Panagia Portaitissa (berZn. παναγια

πορταιτισσα `karis mcveli~, `karibWis RvTismSoblis xati~, `portaitisa~),

RvTismSoblis uZvelesi marTlmadidebluri xatia da mdebareobs saberZneTSi,

aTonis mTaze arsebul iveriis monasterSi. aTonis mTaze xati 999 wlidan

imyofeba. eklesiis gadmocemis Tanaxmad, xati dawerilia wm. luka maxareblis

mier. mraval dafiqsirebul saswaulTa safuZvelze xati aRiarebulia, rogorc

`saswaulTmoqmedi~. iveriis RvTismSoblis xati miekuTvneba odigitrias (berZ.

Όδηγήτρια _ gzis maCvenebeli) ojaxs. xatze RvTismSoblis saxes amCnevia naiarevi.

1 inesa merabiSvili, galaktionis Meri, prototipis Zieba, Tb., 2012, Tavi III, gv. 95-142.

2

gTavazobT leqss `saRamo~:

mTis gagiJebul ruebs,

RviiT, ZenZiT da qviSiT,

grigali daayruebs

macxovrisadmi SiSiT.

da dedofali alva,

elvam daRuna civma;

ase gavida gvalva,

ase movida wvima...

jvari, lomi da kuro

farSavangebis aris.

TvalTa angelosT Suro,

Sen, RvTismSobelo karis!

zariT atexil grigals

daviT narinis jvari,

marmariloTa fiqals

gadaafarebs mZlavri.

an gaocebas, rasac

marad anaTebs Zeli,

isev daadebs razas

SemoRamebis celi.

an, rogorc asomTavruls,

mudam SevamCnev caze,

sxvisTvis uxilav-faruls

3

me rad gelodi ase...

jvarze gakruli elva _

es Cemi daa lurji,

lurj yvavilebis Telva _

axalgazrdoba urCi.

jvarTan misuli suro _

martoobaa qnaris...

TvalTa angelosT Suro,

Sen, RvTismSobelo karis!

1915

rogorc vxedavT, leqsSi bunebis STambeWdavi suraTia aRwerili. amave dros

gvmarTebs, yuradReba gavamaxviloT im saxeebsa da simboloebze, romliTac es

leqsia datvirTuli, da garkveulwilad avxsnaT kidec am saxe-simboloTa

Sinaarsobrivi urTierTkavSirebi. es saSualebas mogvcems davasabuToT, rom

leqsSi moqceuli simboloebi aucileblad qmnian Rrmad gaazrebul

konceptualur sistemas da avtoris religiur-filosofiuri mrwamsi maRal

poetur formaSia gacxadebuli.

daviwyoT imiT, rom am enigmur leqsSi simboloTa mwyobri da natifi

urTierTkavSiri, erTi mxriv, RvTismSoblis saswaulmoqmedi xatis gandidebasa

da mis Tayvaniscemas emsaxureba, xolo meore mxriv, RvTismSoblis xatis axal

poetur xedvas isaxavs miznad. saswaulis Zala da RvTismoSiSobis Tema aq wina

planzea wamoweuli, rac pirvelive strofSi cxaddeba.

meore strofSi alva, rogorc naRvliani qalwulis sevdis simbolo, mariam

RvTismSoblis TemisaTvis amzadebs mkiTxvels: aq poets agreTve Semoaqvs elva,

rogorc qriste RmerTis gamocxadeba, rogorc sityva RvTisa da simbolo

ganaTebisa da ganaTlebisa, anu ise, rogorc es simbolikasTan dakavSirebul

literaturaSia miRebuli. striqonebs _ `da dedofali alva, / elvam daRuna

civma~, mohyveba striqonebi: `ase gavida gvalva, / ase movida wvima...~ es

upirvelesad migvaniSnebs im sulier gvalvaze, romelSiac imyofeboda

4

kacobrioba qristianobamde, xolo wvimis mosvla im wyalobaze gvesaubreba,

romelic qristianobam moutana kacobriobas.

mesame strofis dasawyisSi Semodis sami simbolo: jvari, lomi da kuro. jvari

aucileblad rwmenasa da qristianul sarwmunoebas ganasaxierebs, lomi _

Zalauflebasa da Zlierebas, kuro, rogorc xari, miwis nayofierebisa da

mxurvale Zalis simboloa.

es sami simbolo aq farSavangs ukavSirdeba, rac, bunebrivia, samefo taxtisa da

RvTaebriobis niSania. am oTxi simbolos fonze, rasac win kidev sxva saxe-

simboloebi uZRvis, Cndeba striqonebi: `TvalTa angelosT Suro, / Sen

RvTismSobelo karis!~

legendis Tanaxmad, RvTismSoblis xati ar darCa taZris sakurTxevelSi, igi

saswaulebrivi gziT karibWis kedelze dabrZanda. xolo rodesac gabriel bers

RvTismSobeli ZilSi gamoecxada, auwya, rom ar nebavda maTgan mfarveloba,

radgan Tavad surda maTi mfarvelica da mcvelic gamxdariyo, da isic ara marto

am cxovrebaSi, aramed momavalSic.

aq, bunebrivia, Semodis adgilis mfarvel angelozTa Tema. legenda iZleva

saSualebas vigulisxmoT, rom mfarvel angelozTa gunds swored RvTismSoblis

mfarveli xati Caanacvlebs, da Tanac gansakuTrebuli da iSviaTi ZaliT, radgan,

rogorc RvTismSobeli etyvis gamocxadebisas gabriel bers, man es niWi Tavad

Tavisi Zisgan gamoiTxova.

poeturi xedva yovelTvis ver daemTxveva kanonikur religiur xedvas da is,

Cveulebriv, mravalaspeqtiani da mravalmniSvnelovania. Tanaxmad leqsis

konteqstisa, iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom angelozebi maTTvis Cveul maradiul

moZraobaSi eSurebian RvTismSobelTan miaxloebas, rac afarToebs sityvis

moculobiT Sinaarss, analogiiT sityvaTa Cveuli xmarebisa: `eSureba dros,

axalgazrdobas, mdgomareobas~ da sxva, rac mudmiv Widilsa da moZraobaze

migvaniSnebs. leqsis mixedviT, taZris mfarvel angelozebs SurT RvTismSoblis

xatisa. `TvalTa angelosT Suro~ ar niSnavs mxolod angelozTa Surs, aramed

niSnavs angelozTa TvalTa Surs, anu im Surs, romelsac angelozebi ganicdian,

rodesac sakuTari TvaliT xedaven karibWis xats. am SemTxvevaSi teqsti

warmogvidgens Suris damokidebulebas ara raime uxilav ZalasTan, aramed Surs

5

xiluli xatisadmi da sakuTriv imasac, rom es Suri angelozTa TvalTagan

moedineba, Tundac, analogiiT qarTul metyvelebaSi arsebuli gamoTqmisa _

`Suris TvaliT uyurebs~, rac kidev ufro miwiers xdis am suraTs. amasTanave,

isic gvmarTebs vTqvaT, rom Suri, rogorc codva, Tavdapirvelad adamianis

Tvals ekvris, Semdeg gadadis gulSi, xolo uares SemTxvevaSi, SeaRwevs adamianis

sulSi. galaktionis am leqsSi angelozebi TvalTa SuriT, Tundac TeTri SuriT,

Sehyureben mariam RvTismSoblis xats da masTan siaxlovesac eSurebian. aseTi

metaforiT galaktioni Tavad uaxlovdeba angelozTa gunds da maT mzeras Tvals

usworebs. angelozebTan saxloba am SemTxvevaSi galaktionisaTvis gamonaklisi

rodia. gavixsenoT leqsi `angelozs eWira grZeli pergamenti~.

es leqsi, pirvel yovlisa, poeturi xilvis Sedegia da aqedan gamomdinareobs

misi fantasmagoriuli xasiaTic. es ki, mogexsenebaT, galaktionis poeziis erT-

erT Taviseburebas warmoadgens.

pirvel rigSi, es aris poetis amaRleba cxovrebaze da muzebTan erTad caSi

saxloba. poeti gvixatavs angelozs grZeli pergamentiT, rogorc poeziis muzas.

sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom poeti dablidan ki ar Sehyurebs cis angelozs,

aramed mis gverdiTaa. amis lingvisturi gamoxatulebaa striqoni `romelsac azi-

is ciT gadauareT~, da sakuTriv zmna `gadauareT~. amasTanave, mTeli leqsiT Seq-

mnilia ganwyoba, rom poeti Tavadve ganicdis imas, rasac ganicdis da xedavs an-

gelozi, e.i. misi Tanamonawilea.

sagulisxmoa, rom leqsSi igrZnoba msoflio sevda da mwuxareba, romelic ga-

laktionma, rogorc baironis memkvidrem, gaiziara, da rac misTvisac aranakleb

axlobelia: angelozi xom `mwuxare TvalebiT miwas dahyurebda~. `miwa~ – es de-

damiwaa, xolo mwuxareba da misi aRqma, iseve rogorc mTeli samyaros aRqma, er-

Tiani da globaluria. aqac, am mwuxarebaSi, poeti da angelozi erTad arian.

davubrundeT isev leqss `saRamo~, sadac meoTxe strofSi aTonis mTis iveriis

monastridan daviT narinis pirovnebaze gadmovinacvlebT. mogexsenebaT, daviT

narini im morwmune mefeTa ricxvSia, vinc mravali qartexilis Semdeg berad

aRikveca. amasTanave, sagulisxmoa, rom daviT VI narinma saTave daudo

bagrationTa dinastiis imereTis Stos da imereTSi sami aTeuli weli imefa.

6

leqsis mixedviT, daviT narinis mZlavri jvari marmariloTa fiqals

gadaefareba. bunebrivia, Cndeba taZris, sakuTriv gelaTis monastris asociacia,

sadac daviT narinis ori mniSvnelovani freskaa ganTavsebuli _ erTi, rogorc

saero pirisa, xolo meore _ berisa. amasTanave, marmariloTa fiqali xom

saflavis qvazec migvaniSnebs, da sakuTriv saflavze daviT aRmaSeneblisa gelaTis

monasterSi. saflavTa kurTxevac da sikvdilze gamarjvebac daviT narinis jvris

ZaliT xorcieldeba. imave 1915 wels Seqmnil sxva leqsSi _ `Serigeba~

galaktioni sulis ukvdavebas ase gamoxatavs:

amaRldi, sulo, TeTr akldamaze

mSvenierebis leqsiT mqebeli:

dRes yvelgan mzea da silamaze

sikvdilTan Cemi Semrigebeli!

leqsSi `saRamo~ poeziiT sikvdilze amaRleba daskvniT strofSic gacxaddeba

da am sakiTxs qvemoT kidev SevexebiT.

sagulisxmoa, rom meoTxe strofis pirvelive pwkari _ `zariT atexil

grigals~, exmianeba leqsis pirvelive strofis striqonebs: `grigali daayruebs /

macxovrisadmi SiSiT~, rac RvTismoSiSobis Temas ganamtkicebs. sayuradReboa,

rom es Tema bunebis suraTiT iwyeba da samefo simbolikis gavliT Tavad daviT

narinis, rogorc Zlieri mefis, saxeze gadadis. gvmarTebs, imasac mivaqcioT

yuradReba, rom meoTxe strofis dakavSireba mexuTesTan, xolo Semdeg mexuTesi

_ meeqvsesTan, xorcieldeba kavSiriT `an~, rac niSnavs imas, rom RvTismoSiSobis

Tema grZeldeba.

mexuTe strofSi poeti isev saswaulis Zalas mouxmobs, rodesac gaocebasa da

Zelze gvesaubreba: `an gaocebas, rasac marad anaTebs Zeli.~ gaocebaSi, pirvel

yovlisa, platoniseuli gakvirveba, igive `Tavmazia~ SegviZlia amovikiTxoT,

romelic berZeni filosofosis swavlebis mixedviT sawyisia sibrZnisa. magram

gaoceba xom Tavad aris qristianuli saswaulis Tanmdevi, Tumc, arawamyvani,

radgan qristianobisTvis upirvelesi Tema RvTismoSiSobaa. amitomac ZelSi sveti

cxoveli da sveti naTeli igulisxmeba da is marad anaTebs gaocebas.

7

mogexsenebaT, SoTa rusTavelis `SiSi Seiqms siyvarulsa~, rogorc SiSi RvTisa,

misi ukvdavi poemis erT-erT wamyvan filosofiur mrwamss warmoadgens.

galaktionis Tanamedrove didma qarTvelma filosofosma, Salva nucubiZem

platoniseul `Tavmazias~ swored rusTavelis `SiSi Seiqms siyvarulsa~

daupirispira, Tumc, isic sagulisxmoa, rom 1915 weli, galaktionis leqsis Seqmnis

TariRi, win uswrebs Salva nucubiZis filosofiur moRvaweobas.

`an gaocebas, rasac marad anaTebs Zeli,~ _ ambobs galaktioni. gaocebas,

rogorc saswaulis xilvis Sedegad miRebul gancdasa da STabeWdilebas, poeti

marad ZelTan, anu sveti cxovelTan akavSirebs, radgan saswaulis aRqma

qristianisaTvis rwmenasTan da RvTismoSiSobasTan aris dakavSirebuli. rodesac

zena saswauls gvigzavnis, amiT kidev erTxel gvauwyebs RvTis yovlismomcvel

Zalas. morwmune adamiani ganicdis saswauls, magram saswauli sizmariviT qreba

misi TvalTaxedvidan. amitomac ityvis galaktioni _ `isev daadebs razas

SemoRamebis celi~, rac, farTo gagebiT, sinaTlisa da sibnelis maradiuli

monacvleobiT aris ganpirobebuli.

meeqvse strofSi saubaria im idumal gaocebasa da aRtacebaze, romelic

galaktionma Tavad ganicada, da im uxilav samyarosa da xedvaze, romelic man

ganWvrita da aRmoaCina. winamdebare wignis SesavalSi Cven swored am gancdaze

visaubreT da nimuSad Semdegi striqonebi davasaxeleT:

Rrubelo Savo, mzeo sapyaro!

me aRtacebis zRvaSi Seveli,

aRmovaCine mTeli samyaro,

qveynisTvis jerac miukvleveli.

winamdebare striqonebiT Tu leqsiT `saRamo~ galaktioni gvicxadebs, raoden

idumali, magram sicocxlesaviT mgznebare da mTrTolvare iyo am samyaros Zieba

da molodini. amdenad, galaktionTan sityva, miT umetes Tu is simboluri

mniSvnelobisaa, axali enis, rogorc samyaros gansxvavebuli modelis, Seqmnis

winapiroba xdeba.

8

momdevno, meSvide strofSi isev Semodis elva, romelic aq ukve lurji dis

saxiTaa warmoCenili _ `jvarze gakruli elva _ / es Cemi daa lurji~. amitom am

konkretul leqsSi elva aris ara mxolod is ganaTeba da ganaTleba, romelic

qristem moutana kacobriobas, aramed _ qristes jvarcma, romelic poetisaTvis

imavdroulad mariam RvTismSoblis sulier jvarcmas niSnavs, miT umetes, rom is

aq lurj fers mouxmobs. lurji dis feri _ cis feria da tradiciulad am feriT

fermwerebi gamosaxaven rogorc RvTismSobels, aseve yrma qristes. xolo

qristianuli eklesia lurj ferSi Semosavs xolme Tavad RvTismSobels masTan

dakavSirebul sadResaswaulo dReebSi. aq maxsendeba amerikeli mwerali qalis,

Sirli jeqsonis (1916-1965) moTxrobebis gamocema, sadac ydaze jvarcmaa

gamosaxuli, magram jvarze qalia gakruli. galaktionis am leqsSi dinamiuri

erTobaa gadmocemuli RvTismSobelsa da qristes Soris. jvarze gakruli qriste

amavdroulad jvarcmaa RvTismSoblisa, romelic leqsis dasawyisSive (ix. meore

strofi) elvam, anu qristes jvarcmam daRuna. jvarze gakrul elvas poeti lurj

das uwodebs _ `es Cemi daa lurji~, rac kidev erTxel usvams xazs Tavad poetis

swrafvas RvTismSoblisadmi.

aq ar SeiZleba gverdi avuaroT strofis pirveli nawilis dakavSirebas

meoresTan, rodesac poeti axalgazrdobisdroindeli lurji yvavilebis Telvaze

gvesaubreba, rac RvTiT momadlebuli SemoqmedebiTi niWierebisadmi udier

damokidebulebas gulisxmobs da maRali esTetizmiT aRbeWdil lirizms qmnis

teqstSi.

isev mivubrundeT meore strofs, sadac alva dedofladaa warmodgenili: _ `da

dedofali alva / elvam daRuna civma~, da sadac xdeba RvTismSoblisa da misi Zis

_ qriste RmerTis gaerTianeba erT metaforaSi, galaktioni alvas swored

dedoflis saxiT warmogvidgens, e. i. deda ufali, rac aseve dedas uflisas

uaxlovdeba. qvemoT Cven ganvixilavT leqss _ `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~,

sadac leqsis erT-erT variantSi galaktioni mariam RvTismSobels moixseniebs,

rogorc `dedao RvTisav, dedofalo, mzeo mariam~.

leqsis daskvniTi strofi isev jvarTanaa dakavSirebuli. wina strofSi

warmodegnil jvarcmas enacvleba `jvarTan misuli suro~, rogorc sicocxlis

maradmwvane simbolo, rogorc sikvdilze leqsiT gamarjveba, Tumc, es suro,

9

rogorc qnaris martooba _ simboloa poetis martoobisa. am ori pwkaris Semdeg

leqss isev RvTismSoblis sadideblad naTqvami STambeWdavi fraza daasrulebs:

`TvalTa angelosT Suro, / Sen RvTismSobelo karis~. amitomacaa, albaT, galak-

tionis RvTismSobeli aqac da Tavis sxva leqsSic cisieric da miwieric, magram ase

axlobeli.

ai, aseTia axalgazrda galaktionis religiur-filosofiuri kredo, aseTia am

WeSmaritad morwmune qristianis urTierToba im poetur samyarosTan, romelic

man didi sulieri da inteleqtualuri Zalebis gaerTianebiT ganWvrita da

aRmoaCina, aRmoaCina saqarTvelosTvis da aRmoaCina mTeli qveynierebisTvis.

WeSmaritad saCino da Rirebulia is, rom es veeba samyaro iseT virtuozul

sityvier saganZurSi gansxeulda, romelsac saxelad galaktionis leqsi hqvia.

1917 wels galaktioni qmnis leqss _ `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~. `dedao

RvTisav, mzeo mariam!~ – mimarTavs poeti am leqsSi RvTismSobels da mariami,

igive meri, mzea misTvis. meri mzea puSkinisTvisac – “Áóäü æå ñ÷àñòëèâà Ìåðè,

ñîëíöå æèçíè ìîåé”. ganSorebis Semdeg baironic xom yovelTvis bednierebas

usurvebda meris! baironis meri axla ukve puSkinis gziTac Semodis galaktionSi,

iseve rogorc baironis demoni lermontoviT ufro SemoaRwevs masSi.

sayuradReboa, rom Tavad a. puSkini aRniSnul leqss qmnis, rogorc Sexmianebas

inglisel poet b. kornvolTan (Barry Cornwall – 1787-1874), da misi leqsis erT-

erTi striqoni “Here’s health to thee, Mary”, rac inglisurad niSnavs `vsvam Sens sadRe-

grZelos, meri~, puSkins gadmoaqvs sakuTari leqsis saTaurSi. Sdr: galaktionis

`Seni sadRegrZelo~ da puSkinis “Ïüþ çà çäðàâèå Ìåðè”. amasTanave, aRsaniSnavia

am leqsis kavSiri galaktionis leqsTan _ `mzeo TibaTvisa~:

...mzeo TibaTvisa, mzeo TibaTvisa,

locvad muxlmoyrili graals Sevedrebi.

igi, vinc miyvarda didi siyvaruliT,

frTebiT daifare – amas gevedrebi.

tanjva-gansacdelSi Tvalni miuriden,

suli moavline isev Senmieri,

dila gauTene isev ciuridan,

10

suli umankoTa miec Svenieri.

xanma undobarma, gza rom SeeReba,

uxvad moitana sisxli da cxedrebi,

mZafri qartexili mas nu Seexeba,

mzeo TibaTvisa, amas gevedrebi.

1917

Áóäü æå ñ÷àñòëèâà, Ìåðè,

Ñîëíöå æèçíè ìîåé

Íè òîñêè, íè ïîòåðè,

Íè íåíàñòëèâûõ äíåé

Ïóñòü íå âåäàåò Ìåðè.

magram galaktionTan mzis fenomeni gacilebiT ufro mravalmniSvneliani,

mxatvrulad datvirTuli da saintereso aRmoCndeba:

mze, rogorc manaTobeli sxeuli, romelic Caqreba, Tu adamianebi ver gaaTbo-

ben mas samyaros siyvaruliT; mze, rogorc mariam RvTismSobeli da rogorc

wminda Zala adamianTa amaRlebuli sulierebisa; mze, rogorc meri, misi maradi-

uli trfobis sagani; da, metadre, mze, rogorc qali, rac sruliad bunebrivi mov-

lenaa qarTuli, da ara marto qarTuli azrovnebisaTvis. am ukanasknelis maga-

liTad davasaxelebdiT galaktionis leqss `werili~ da konkretulad mis sawyis

striqonebs:

marqviT, sadaa nevis asuli, is tatiana mzis dasadari?

sadaa norCi puSkinis suli, anu delvigi, marqviT, sad ari?

da Semdeg:

sadaa meri dasTa dasuli, hangTa mSvenierT Senakadari:

11

es leqsi sainteresoa im TvalsazrisiTac, rom aq aris ara marto Sexmianeba

puSkinTan2, aramed agreTve merisTan, rogorc literaturul saxesTan, romelic

galaktionisaTvis mzisa da mTvaris Sesadaria. amas mowmobs is, rom leqsis stri-

qons _ `sadaa meri dasTa dasuli, hangTa mSvenierT Senakadari~ avtografSi

leqsis ufro gviandeli varianti Seesabameba, romelic aqve mogvyvavs:

netav exla sadaa!

da romelsa mxaresa,

netav sadaa nazi asuli

meri – mTvaris da mzis dasadari?

leqsi `werili~ sainteresoa sxva aspeqtiTac. aRmoCndeba, rom igi aris nayofi

im Targmanisa, romelic galaktions Seusrulebia fransua viionis leqsidan _

`balada Zvel qalbatonebze~3.

zemoT, rodesac ganvixileT baironis wyvdiadis gavlena galaktionze, Cven da-

vasaxeleT pirveli strofi leqsidan _ `mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi~. kidev er-

Txel SevavloT Tvali leqss, raTa davrwmundeT, rom aq baironiseuli wyvdia-

dis gverdiT mzis gasulierebis Tema kidev ufro mZlavradaa win wamoweuli.

mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi

mzeo TibaTvis, yofna umzeo!

mze miicvala Ria TvalebiT!

is miicvala raRac umweo

da saocari gardacvalebiT!

mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi,

oh! gaxelili darCa Tvalebi!

is ucxo mxares gardaicvala

2 sagulisxmod gvesaxeba galaktionis striqoni `Sen xelTuqmneli Zegli aige~, rogorc aluzia puSkinis

striqonisa “Я памятник себе воздвиг нерукотворный”. 3 v. javaxaZe, ucnobi, Tb., 1991, gv. 516.

12

da gaxelili darCa Tvalebi!

da es Tvalebi saRamoTa xmas

usmendnen tanjviT da mokrZalebiT:

mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi,

oh, gaxelili darCa Tvalebi!

ra xdeba iqiT! saidan ismis

mgloviareTa qnarTa: `mSvidobiT~?

uecrad swyveten simebi sicils

uamindobiT... uamindobiT!

saidan ismis Cumi galoba

da uRonoba sunTqvis Semwydaris,

wamebis wynari warmavaloba

da mogoneba Zvirfasi mkvdaris?

midis zafxuli... baRSi, mdeloSi

sisinebs sio, Srialebs neSo,

me isev aq var... saqarTveloSi!

risTvis, Zvirfaso! risTvis, nugeSo?

da es Tvalebi serafimTa xmas

usmendnen tanjviT da mokrZalebiT,

mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi,

oh! gaxelili darCa Tvalebi!

mival, mimyveba me Seni cqera

da xaverdebze ecema Crdili,

yvelgan uCinrad tiris cerera,

Tvalebi civi da gaxelili.

13

Rirda Tu ara sxva sicocxleze

ocneba Cumi da fermixdili?

me gza ar vici uaxloesi:

erTaderTi gza aris sikvdili.

mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi,

oh, gaxelili darCa Tvalebi!

is ucxo mxares gardaicvala

da gaxelili darCa Tvalebi!

1918

qalis mSveniereba da macocxlebeli Zala galaktions `mziur vedrebad~

esaxeba leqsSi _ `inFesa~:

inFesa

inFesa ise Suqs aravis hfens,

viT axal kubelss da Zvel kamoenss,

maT araerTxel aRmoxdaT kvnesa,

inFesa, inFesa.

exla martoden mkrTali Crdilia,

igi vedreba da kastilia;

odes im mziur vedrebad Canda

karad infanta.

droni icvalnen, guli ki dResac

im simRerasTan gadazrdilia,

inFesa, inFesa4. 1917

4 galaktionis Tormettomeulis mixedviT, leqsis komentarSi vkiTxulobT:

14

Catarebuli kvleva uflebas gvaZlevs davaskvnaT, rom meris poeturi saxe ga-

laktionSi sakuTriv baironisa da evropuli meris gavleniT warmoiqmna, magram

galaktionis Tezaurussa da sulier samyaroSi is aucileblad unikalur Sina-

arss iZens.

galaktionis cnobierebaSi Semosuli evropuli literaturuli saxe merisa,

vfiqrobT, masSi aRZravda im mSvenieri qalis xatebas, romelsac saxelad meri

ServaSiZe erqva, rogori wamieric unda yofiliyo misi naxviT, an Tundac danax-

viT miRebuli STabeWdileba:

Sen zRvis pirad

zRvas saRamo edeboda muqi.

Sen zRvis pirad sCandi, rogorc Suqi.

me pirveli maxsovs Seni naxva,

gaoceba! mSvenieri zraxva.

rogorc Sori xomaldebis cqera,

viT pirveli grZnobiT gulis Zgera.

`leqss boloSi emateba:

inFesa irgvliv legendebsa fens,

ara erTs aRrCobs sibrazis kvnesa, igi uyvardaT kubelss, kamoenss…

inFesa _ ismis yvelgan _ inFesa.

inFesa kastro _ Sua saukuneebis portugaliis samefo saxlis cnobili qalbatonTagani, romelic 10 wlis

ganmavlobaSi imyofeboda saidumlo qorwinebaSi taxtis memkvidresTan. inFesas mowinaaRmdegeebma, SeSine-

bulebma inFesas gavlenis gaZlierebiT taxtis memkvidreze, miaRwies mefe alfons IV-is Tanxmobas inFesas

mokvlis Sesaxeb, ris Semdeg mefis mrCevlebma inFesa mohkles missave sawol oTaxSi. kubelsi _ portugalieli poeti. kamoensi luisi (1524 _ 1580) _ didi portugalieli poeti. kastilia _ qalaqi da olqi espaneTSi. infanta _ princesebis tituli espaneTsa da portugaliaSi monarqiuli mmarTvelobis dros.

15

irxeoda gamWvirvale ruli

da mtkioda… da mtkioda guli.

im xomaldebs samudamod gahyva

gaoceba, mSvenieri zraxva.

1916

amas udavod erTvis qalis siyvarulisa da mSvenierebis Tema, romelic ganvi-

Tarebis mwvervals aRwevs, rodesac poeti mas RvTismSobelTan daakavSirebs. me-

ri ukve mariam RvTismSobelia _ `rogorc qalwulis saxeli meri...~

aqve gvsurs yuradReba mivaqcioT Semdeg garemoebas: striqonebi _ `aq

mravalia cisferi feri! / es feri marad Tvals eyvareba, / rogorc qalwulis

saxeli _ meri / aris cisferi da mwuxareba~, _ aris erT-erTi strofi leqsisa

`gzaSi~, romelic poetma 1916 wliT daaTariRa, e. i. Zalian male mas Semdeg, rac

Seqmna da 1915 wels gamoaqveyna pirveli varianti leqsisa `meri~. gansakuTrebiT

niSandoblivia is, rom orive leqsSi, e. i. iq, sadac, TiTqos, mxolod qals mimar-

Tavs, da iqac, sadac meri RvTismSobelTanaa gaigivebuli, poeti erTsa da imave

riTmul wyvils gvTavazobs, sakuTriv _ `meri _ feri~:

Sen jvars iwerdi im Rames meri!

................................................................................. ………………………………………………………

sandomian cis elva da feri

(`meri~)

aq mravalia cisferi feri!

...............................................................................………………………………………………

rogorc qalwulis saxeli meri

(`gzaSi~)

16

galaktionisaTvis mze RvTismSobelia _ `dedao RvTisav, mzeo mariam~. magram,

agreTve, mze misTvis aris meri da mze aris mSvenieri qalic – `netav sadaa nazi

asuli / meri – mTvaris da mzis dasadari~. amave dros mzea galaktionisaTvis qa-

li, rogorc literaturuli saxe – `marqviT, sadaa nevis asuli, is tatiana mzis

dasadari?~

RvTismSoblisadmi mimarTviT iwyeba leqsi `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~:

dedao RvTisav, mzeo mariam!

rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi,

Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria

da Soreuli cis silaJvarde.

SemoiRamebs mTis napralebi,

da Tu rogorme isev gaTenda –

RamenaTevi da namTvralevi,

daRlil qaliviT mival xatebTan!

RamenaTevi da namTvralevi

me miveyrdnobi salocav karebs,

SemoiWreba sionSi sxivi

da TeTr olarebs aaelvarebs.

da maSin vityvi: aha! movedi

gedi daWrili ocnebis baRiT!

Sexede! dastkbi ymawvilur bedis

daRlil xelebiT, wamebul saxiT!

Sexede! dastkbi! Cemi Tvalebi,

winaT rom feTqdnen cvrebiT, iebiT, –

RamenaTevi da namTvralevi

savsea cremlTa SurisZiebiT!

17

dastkbi! asea yvela mgosnebi?

Sens molodinSi asea yvela?

suli, vedrebiT ganaocebi,

Sens ferxT qveS kvdeba, rogorc pepela.

sad aris CemTvis samagiero?

sabedniero sad aris suli?

viT samoTxidan aligieri,

me jojoxeTiT var dafaruli!

da roca bediT dawyevlil gzaze

sikvdilis landi momeCveneba,

gansasvenebel ziarebaze

CemTan ar mova Seni xseneba!

davikref xelebs da grigaliviT

gamaqaneben swrafi cxenebi!

RamenaTevi da namTvralevi

Cems samareSi Cavesvenebi.

dedao RvTisav, mzeo mariam!

rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi,

Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria

da Soreuli cis silaJvarde!

1917

es leqsi mowmobs imas, rom RvTismSobelTan galaktionis poeturi

damokidebuleba aRsaniSnavia ara mxolod meris simboluri saxiT, aramed

vardis simbolikiT. amgvarad, es leqsi gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa vardis

18

simboluri datvirTvis gamo, miT umetes, rom vardi saTaurSivea gaidumalebuli

`anu~ kavSiris gziT: `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~.

CavukvirdeT sityvebs _ `laJvardi~ da `silaJvarde~. maTze muSaobis dros,

riTmuli varjiSis procesSi, mraval sityvas Soris galaktioni, eWvgareSea, ga-

moyofda `vards~, rogorc `laJvardTan~ da `silaJvardesTan~ gasariTms, daax-

loebiT ase:

laJvardi – vardi

silaJvarde – vardi

unda vivaraudoT, rom galaktioni daSlida am or sityvas marcvlebad. am

dros is ueWvelad gamoyofda Tavad gasariTmad SerCeul sityvas, rogorc am

sityvebSi Semaval fuZes da maT ase daalagebda:

laJ – vardi

silaJ – varde

modiT, vcadoT da, gnebavT – xmamaRla, gnebavT – CurCuliT, mravalgzis war-

movTqvaT sityva `silaJvarde~ daaxloebiT ise, rogorc es sityvaze miyurade-

bul kacs, poets, sCvevia.

Tanaxmad fonetikuri procesebisa, mJReri `J~ bgera aucileblad dayruvdeba

da `S~ bgeras daemsgavseba, xolo or Tanxmovans Soris warmoqmnili pauza Seq-

mnis xmovnis asociacias.

magaliTad, aviRoT sityva `vaJkaci~. gabmul metyvelebaSi mJReri `J~ bgera au-

cileblad yruvdeba da Cagvesmis `S~, anu `vaSkaci~.

analogiuri fonetikuri procesi SeiniSneba `silaJvardis~ SemTxvevaSic. mJRe-

ri `J~ gadadis yru `S~- Si da viRebT `silaSvarde~-s, rac uaxlovdeba `silaSi

varde~-s.

`J~ da `S~ bgerebis siaxloveze isic metyvelebs, rom `J~ bgeras `S~ bgerisagan

warmoqmnilad miiCneven.

giorgi axvledianis Tanaxmad, `uZveles qarTuls ar unda hqonoda fonema `J~.

albaT, `S~-s gamJRerebam misca dasabami `J~-s arsebobas qarTulSi – jer kombina-

toruli bgeraTcvlilebis Sedegisa, xolo Semdeg fonemis saxiT~.5

5 g. axvlediani, zogadi fonetikis safuZvlebi, Tb., 1949, gv. 189.

19

am ori fonemis siaxloves galaktioni sxva SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebuli

sityvebis gariTmviTac gamoxatavs:

ar momwyindeba sadRegrZelod avwio Tasi

Tqveni, romelTa gataceba mxolod Jinia,

me arc warsulis, arc momavlis ar meSinia.

axla ukve sruliad naTelia, Tu rogor emsgavseba metyvelebaSi `silaJvarde~

`silaSvardes~ da rogor SeiZleba poetma es ukanaskneli moisminos, rogorc

`silaSivardi~, rac TavisTavad uaxlovdeba Semdegs: `silaSi vardi~.

amdenad, galaktions SeeZlo daewera:

`silaJvarde anu silaSi vardi~.

es miscemda mas saSualebas, Teza asec daewera:

`silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~.

ratom?

– raTa ukeT gaeidumalebina mignebaca da Canafiqric.

gaeidumalebina-meTqi, ki ar daemala an gaeqro.

amitomac dawers `anu~, radgan erTs meores utolebs da praqtikulad qmnis

`silaJvardis~ axal poetur omonims:

silaJvarde – silaSi vardi.

vfiqrobT, swored ase daibada leqsi `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~.

leqsis pirvelive strofSi galaktioni tolobas riTmaTa paralelebSi

moaqcevs:

rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

da Soreuli cis silaJvarde.

qvemoT Cven gveqneba saSualeba davrwmundeT, rom es ori omonimi, e. i.

`silaJvarde~ da `silaSi vardi~ konceptualurad sinonimur urTierTobaSi

aRmoCndeba erTimeoresTan.

20

is, rac axla aq warmovadgineT, aris mxolod sawyisi simboloebiT saTqmelis

gadmocemisa, ufro zustad, saTave mravalaspeqtiani poeturi Sinaarsis simbolo-

ebSi gamosaxvisa.

rodesac akaki xinTibiZem, galaktionis mkvlevarma, moismina am leqsis analizis

Cemeuli versia, mimaniSna galaktionis arqivSi arsebul leqsze _ `silaSi vardi~,

romelic pirvelad gamoqveynda poetis gardacvalebis Semdeg Tormettomeulis

meSvide tomSi.

friad sainteresoa, rom poetis SemoqmedebaSi damoukideblad arsebobs leqsi

`silaSi vardi~, rac kidev erTxel ganamtkicebs poeturi omonimebis `silaJvarde

_ silaSi vardis~ arsebobis faqts. magram aranakleb sainteresoa Tavad

konceptualuri siaxlove am patara leqsisa leqsTan `silaJvarde anu vardi

silaSi~, razec qvemoT gveqneba saubari.

pirvelwyaro xatisa `silaSi vardi~, Tamar barbaqaZis6 Tanaxmad, SesaZloa

gamxdariyo meoce saukunis aTian wlebSi quTaisSi metad gavrcelebuli simRera

_ `erTxel vixile baRSi yvavili~:

erTxel vixile baRSi yvavili,

mxmari, usuno, gavsili siliT.

SengniT umiznoT is mowyvetili

da dagdebuli iqve siciliT.…

am simReris leqsi ekuTvnis kowia erisTavs, xolo misi saConguro motivi

Seuqmnia varinka wereTels, `sulikos~ musikis avtors.

rogorc T. barbaqaZe aRniSnavs, galaktions k. erisTavis leqsis Tema ver

gaaocebda, magram mSvenieri Sida riTma `gavsili siliT~, unda vifiqroT, Tavisi

musikalobiTa da evfoniiT moxiblavda axalgazrda poets.

interpretaciis TvalsazrisiT leqsi `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~ erT-er-

Ti urTulesia galaktionis poetikaSi da es umTavresad Sesityvebis gamo – `si-

laSi vardi~.

6 Tamar barbaqaZe, `silaSi vardi~ da `yvavili… gavsili siliT~, Jurn. `kriteriumi~, #1,

`literaturuli Ziebanis~ perioduli damateba, Tb., 2000, gv. 79-82.

21

vfiqrobT, gamocanas warmoadgens ara mxolod `silaSi vardi~, rogorc mxat-

vruli saxe, aramed, saxeldobr, is, Tu ras niSnavs aq `vardi~ da ra igulisxmeba

`silaSi~.

ganvixiloT sityva `v ardi ~ .

ra aris vardi?

– umSvenieresi yvavili?

– diax, aris!

– kidev?

– kidev simbolo siyvarulis, mSvenierebis da a.S.

– kidev?

– vardebis ena, rogorc cnobilia, ferebis mixedviT gulisxmobs Sinaarss, ma-

galiTad, wiTeli vardi trfobis mauwyebelia, yviTeli – mxiarulebis, an, piri-

qiT, eWvianobis, TeTri da wiTeli erTad – erTobis da a.S.

_ kidev?

– kidev bevria vardze saTqmeli, magram, modiT, amjerad davazustoT, Tu ras

niSnavs `vardi~ galaktionisaTvis.

daviwyoT imiT, rom vardi yvelasaTvis mSvenieri yvavilia.

ras niSnavs yvavili galaktionisaTvis?

galaktionis geniis fenomeni gamobrwyinda maSin, rodesac mkiTxvelma ixila

misi leqsebis krebuli `artistuli yvavilebi Tavis qalaSi~.

ras gulisxmobs galaktioni `artistul yvavilebSi~ da ratom aTavsebs maT

`Tavis qalaSi~?

nurc is dagvaviwydeba, rom am droisaTvis bodlers ukve Seqmnili aqvs `bo-

rotebis yvavilebi~.

isic gvaxsovs, Tu ras ityvis leqsis warmoSobaze ana axmatova:

“Когда б вы знали, из какого сора растут стихи, не ведая стыда, как желтый одуванчик у забора, как

лопухи и лебеда”.

ase rom cxovrebiseuli boroteba da WuWyi, sibinZure Tu nagavi poets ar ek-

vris, ar ekareba, radgan aseT garemocvaSi artistuli niWis wyalobiT is qmnis

22

leqss, romelic iseTive srulqmnili da amaRlebulia, rogorc miwidan amosuli

yvavili.

amitom xom ar wveboda RamiT mTawmindaze sanagve yuTSi terenti graneli,

rom yvelasaTvis eTqva _ WuWyi aqac ar momekarebao? dRisiT ki etlSi Cajdebo-

da da poetis imijs ase ganimtkicebda.

leqsi xom, marTlac, yvaviliviT ibadeba. leqsis msgavsad, yvavilis mSveniere-

basa da srulqmnilebasac xom ver axsni bolomde da ver gaacnobiereb. baironis

fenomeniT gaocebul goeTes uTqvams, is ise badebs leqsebs, qalebi rom badeben

mSvenier bavSvebs daufiqreblado. xolo Tavad baironma Sedevrebi maSin da mas

Semdeg Seqmna, roca yvelaze meti sibilwe da WuWyi esroles. binZur skandals po-

etma mxolod leqsebiT upasuxa, umSvenieresi da ufaqizesi leqsebiT.

leqsebi poetTa gonidan iseve ibadeba, viTarca miwidan yvavilebi. galaktion-

ma maT artistuli qmnilebebi, artistuli yvavilebi uwoda da isini Tavis qalaSi

moaTavsa.

isev simbolo!

amjerad ukve `Tavis qalisa~. isev Sexmianeba filosofiasTan, SeqspirTan, sa-

kuTriv hamletTan da aucileblad baironTan.

rogorc mogexsenebaT, axalgazrda baironma sakuTar mamulSi, niustedis saa-

batoSi, mravali saukunis win dakrZaluli beris Tavis qala miwidan amoiRo da

fialad, sasmisad aqcia.

isev simbolo, Tundac graalis, Tundac baxusis.

davubrundeT vards.

galaktionisaTvis vardi, rogorc yvavili, aucileblad mSvenieri leqsis sim-

boloa, leqsisa, romelic poetis artistuli gonebidan amoizrdeba da surnels

afrqvevs, mSvenierebas asxivosnebs. amitomac, vimeorebT, poeti maT artistul

yvavilebs uwodebs da Tavis qalaSi warmogvidgens.

rogor gavigoT `yvavilebi Tavis qalaSi~? rogorc Tavis qalaSi Cawyobili,

msgavsad iq Casxmuli sasmelisa, Tu Tavis qalidan, viTarca miwidan, amozrdili?

erTica da meorec, radgan poeturi teqsti, miT umetes geniosisa, Rrma da mra-

valmniSvnelovania. misi waxnagebi, almasis waxnagebisa ar iyos, uxvad afrqveven

Suqs, sxivsa da elvarebas.

23

magram leqsi ar gaxlavT erTaderTi mSvenieri nayofi adamianis gonisa. maS,

vis, Tu ara galaktions, moexseneba es yovelive Cinebulad. amis dasturad isev

misi leqsi _ `vardebi~ gamogvadgeba:

me, zamTrisagan jaWvawyvetili,

nacnob baRisken mivemarTebi,

sad ferad ucxo, ynosvad keTili,

zamTar da zafxul hyvavis vardebi.

de, homirosis da hesiodes

feTqdnen vardebi maRla axrili,

maT ver damarxavs sastiki lodi,

samudamod var borkilayrili.

dae, maisis xatavdes xeli

floras, graciebs, muzebs da eross.

romeli iyo poeti wrfeli,

rom siyvarulze ar daemReros?

vardebi igi eladis gemma

dafanta, rogorc Zvirfasi Crdili,

rogorc saxeba da diadema

silamazisa da sinamdvilis.

romeli lxini iyo uvardo,

da an – romeli dRe sacnauri,

an anakreons vin ganumartos,

raa uvardod dResaswauli?

saxeTa feri da netareba,

bage, TiTebi Tu yofna mzardi,

24

poets yovelTvis aqvs Sedareba:

maisis vardi, sicocxlis vardi.

marad izrdeba vardTan WinWari,

rogorc odesme uTqvams ovidis.

dae, movardes setyvaTa Rvari,

da cecxli Cemze gardamovides.

netavi CemTvis wuTebs ar eklos,

aivnidan rom mesvrian vardebs,

vardebs eklians, vardebs ueklos...

oh, am dReebis simRera mmarTebs!

o, siwmindeo da sifaqize!

Sen ver moaswar, ise dawynardi,

roca mziani iyavi ise,

rogorc uwvimar riJraJSi vardi.

da ornamentiT akrTobda demons

im mSvenieri wignebis Zala,

wignTa yovelTa maSindelT zemo

vardiT morTuli Cnda Tavis qala.

botiCels vardTa swvavda dRe igi,

rafaels igi faravda lxinSi,

sadac jioto da van-deiki

da leonardo iyo da-vinCi.

ixibleboda suli diadiT,

ros simaRleebs swvdeboda arsi.

rusTavels marad Svenoda vardi –

25

iseTi hqonda vards Sinaarsi.

vigoneb TaRebs, vigoneb svetebs

da yvavilebiT moqargul fardebs,

maiss, kolxidas, Zvirfas poetebs

da kaTedrasTan mimoyril vardebs.

leqsi `vardebi~ 1927 wliTaa daTariRebuli. xolo `silaJvarde anu vardi si-

laSi~ zustad aTi wliT adrea Seqmnili da misi Tavdapirveli saTauria `dedao

RvTisav!~ es cnoba Setanilia galaktionis Tormettomeulis Sesabamis komentar-

Si.

rac Seexeba komentars7 leqsisa _ `vardebi~, aq bevri ramaa saintereso. pir-

vel yovlisa, leqsis sxva redaqciis sruli teqsti.

amave komentarSi moyvanilia nawyveti d. kasraZis wignidan _ `literaturuli

portretebi~. gTavazobT teqsts srulad:

`d. kasraZe, narkvevSi `galaktioni~ (d. kasraZe, `literaturuli portretebi~,

Tbilisi, 1962 w., gv. 292_304) aRwers ra mis pirvel Sexvedras g. tabiZesTan, wers:

`galaktionma skami gamoswia, magidas miujda da vardebis TaigulSi Camala saxe,

erTxans ase darCa. ia (iakob cincaZe – i. l.), romelic metismetad ficxi da cota

utaqtoc iyo, SeiSmuSna.

galaktionma vefxvis siSmagiT daynosa vardebi, dahkocna da sayelo Seixsna:

– amaze lamazi raa qveynad! ramdenime wuTiT ganvicdi efemerul tkbobas. Cemo

daviT (kasraZe – i. l.), gamigonia, Zvel babilonsa da arabeTSi yofila sagangebo

yavaxanebi, sadac msurvelebi iReben opiums, koniaks da sxva narkotikul sasmels,

gabruebulni iviwyeben yofas da mahmadis mier aRTqmul samoTxeSi dafrinaven...

ai, es yvavilebia CemTvis yvelaferi. quTaisuri vardebia Cemi pirveli damaTro-

beli, Cemi umaRlesi siamovneba, netareba da poezia.

magidaze, sawer-kalamTan ido galaktionis axali leqsi `vardebi~. es leqsi

ufro enciklopediuri terminebiT iyo dawerili. wagvikiTxa. aq iyo motanili:

homerosi, hesiode, flora, erosi, botiCeli, rafaeli, jioti, van-deiki, leonar-

7 g. tabiZe, Txz. t. II, Tb., 1966, gv. 438-441.

26

do da vinCi. iam samarTlianad usayvedura galaktions – leqsi am pirovnebaTa

gareSec SesaniSnavi iqnebodao.

galaktioni darcxvenili usmenda Tavis yofil maswavlebels. bolos daiwyes

kamaTi... me SevniSne, rom galaktionma cudad waikiTxa leqsi, uefeqtod, paTosis

gareSe, arasworad~. es saubari Semdgara q. quTaisSi 1927 wels, riTac dasturde-

ba, rom `vardebi~ dawerilia 1927 wels~.

rogorc vxedavT, galaktionisagan gansxvavebiT, daviT kasraZe da iakob cinca-

Ze vardebSi ver xedaven sxva Sinaarss, garda yvavilisa. amitomac usayvedures

ase Tamamad galaktions da isic Turme `samarTlianad~, rom leqsi `enciklope-

diuri terminebiT iyo dawerili~ da `am pirovnebaTa gareSec SesaniSnavi iqnebo-

da~.

arc kasraZes, arc cincaZes da arc sxva romelime mkiTxvels, rogori darwmu-

nebulic ar unda iyos is galaktionis genialobaSi, arc evaleba da arc moeTxo-

veba poetis azrovnebis simaRleze yofna da simboloebSi kodirebuli Sinaarsis

gaxsna. magram, amave dros, eWvgareSea isic, rom rodesac poeti simboloebSi

aTavsebs Sinaarss, amiT is araerTgzis zrdis mis moculobasa da esTetikur teva-

dobas, rac, Tavis mxriv, nawarmoebis mxatvrul RirebulebaSi aisaxeba. poeti ga-

nicdis siamovnebas am procesisgan da surs, rom aranaklebi esTetikuri siamov-

neba Tavad mkiTxvelsac mianiWos.

mivyveT galaktions.

galaktioni vardebs mravali mniSvnelobiT xmarobs. aqedan davasaxelebT,

sul mcire, sams: pirveli, gaxlavT vardi, rogorc umSvenieresi yvavili. meore,

aris vardi, rogorc mSvenierebis simbolo. dabolos, vardi, rogorc artistuli

Semoqmedebis umSvenieresi nayofi. ai, swored es ukanaskneli mniSvneloba domi-

nirebs danarCen orze leqsSi `vardebi~, rac, rasakvirvelia, ar gamoricxavs

pirveli oris realizacias. magram `vardis~ swored mesame mniSvnelobiT reali-

zacia qmnis srul Sesabamisobas misi iseT saxelebTan dakavSirebisa, rogorebi-

caa, magaliTad, homerosi, hesiode, anakreoni, ovidiusi, botiCeli, rafaeli, ji-

oto, van deiki, leonardo da vinCi Tu rusTaveli. amdenad, SegviZlia davas-

kvnaT, rom swored es mniSvnelobaa aqcentirebuli sityva `vardSi~, rodesac ga-

laktioni sara bernaris SemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT ambobs:

27

magram... iwyeba, aswies farda –

mis win karpiis aris cxedari;

qalis TvalebSi iSleba vardi,

grZnobaTa cecxli gaubedari.

idga muxlmoyriT da cremlebs Rvrida

sasowarkveTa da grZnoba Zveli,

iyo ocneba, xan margarita,

xan kleopatra – nilosis gveli.

ra ferebia! grZnobaT seirad

da ise, rogorc mwvane suraTebs,

xatavs dJordano da rigeira.

`qalis TvalebSi iSleba vardi~ – ra aris es, Tu ara artistuli Semoqmedebis

nayofi, anu is, rasac uniWieresi msaxiobi qali ganasaxierebda. botiCelisa da

anakreonis vardTagan gansxvavebiT, sara bernaris vardebi arc tiloze rCeboda

da arc poetur striqonebSi gacxaddeboda. didi Semoqmedebis nayofi WeSmaritad

misi saxidan, misi Tvalebidan gamosWvioda. amitomac adarebs, magram ar utolebs

mxatvarTa Semoqmedebas: `da ise, rogorc mwvane suraTebs, xatavs dJordano da

rigeira~.

vardis filosofiuri gaazreba poets STaagonebs, am sityvaSi moaqcios ara

marto mSvenierebisa Tu SemoqmedebiTi mwvervalis Sinaarsi, aramed

gaasulieros is da Tavad keTilSobil arsebasTan gaaigivos:

Sexede: vardni mSvidi TvalebiT

sZleben nadirni msubuq ZalebiT,

vardebi ufro keTilSobili

kvdebian swrafi gardacvalebiT.

vardis motivebi gaismis isev 1927 wliT daTariRebul leqsebSi: `maisis is-

riT~, `Sadrevnebis vedreba~, `qari qanaobs qnarad~ da a. S. cnobili leqsic, `gu-

28

lo, ra gemarTeba?~ imave 1927 wliTaa daTariRebuli da galaktionis poeziis ze-

moaRniSnul motivebs exmianeba:

Semodgomis yvavilebs

didebasTan mivitan,

erTi Sori ocneba

maxsovs Zvel motividan.

vardebi ar arian,

magram ra mevardeba?

sulo, ra gemarTeba?

gulo, ra mogivida?

simwifis asakSi myofi poeti cxovrebis am xanas Semodgomad miiCnevs. Semo-

qmedebiT didebas is Semodgomis yvavilebiT, anu simwifis asakSi Seqmnili

nawarmoebebiT egebeba. Tumc, aqve imasac naRvlobs, rom am yvavilebs Soris ar

arian vardebi, e. i. aRar arian Sedevrebi _ umSvenieresi poeturi nawarmoebebi,

romlebic man gacilebiT adre Seqmna. aseTad gvesaxeba leqsis momenturi ganwyo-

ba, sadac gamoricxuli araa warmosaxviTi gancda ufro gviani asakisac.

am leqsTan kavSirSi SeuZlebelia ar gagvaxsendes cnobili simRera

kinofilmidan `daTa TuTaSxia~. galaktionis teqstze musikis dawera Zalian

Znelia, radgan misi leqsi ukve Tavadaa musika. kompozitori biZina kvernaZe is

bednieri gamonaklisia, romelmac poeturi Sedevris mixedviT musikaluri

Sedevri Seqmna. sagulisxmoa isic, rom es nawarmoebi musikosma sakuTar meu-

Rles, qalbaton nestan mesxs miuZRvna. nani bregvaZiseulma Sesrulebam simReris

lirizmi da dramatizmi, udavod, kidev ufro gaaRrmava da gaaZliera.

1941 wels soxumSi Seqmnili patara leqsic _ `vardebiT gamarjveba~ vardebis

zemoaRniSnul mravalaspeqtian Sinaarss warmoaCens:

mters ki swyuroda ganavardebiT

Cveni Zvirfasi, Cveni naTeli

gadaeTvala yvela vardebi

da TviT Seiqmna gadaTelili.

29

uaRresad sainteresod gvesaxeba striqoni _ `omSi minaxavs cecxlis vardebi~,

sadac vardebi brZolis gmirul moqmedebas, Tavganwirvis mSvenierebasa da

didebulebas gamoxataven, iqneba es gadataniTi Tu warmosaxviTi SinaarsiT:

vyofilvar bevrjer sikvdilis pirad,

omSi minaxavs cecxlis vardebi,

im simaRleebs vigoneb xSirad:

ar maviwydeba is laJvardebi.

friad sayuradReboa is, rom leqsSi `vardebi~, sakuTriv mis meaTe strofSi,

Cndeba Tavis qala, romelic amjerad morTulia ara zogadad yvavilebiT, aramed

swored vardebiT, e. i. gonebis umSvenieresi nayofiT. magram nu avCqardebiT da

miRweuliT nu davkmayofildebiT, anu nu davjerdebiT mxolod imas, rom varde-

bi gonebis produqts aRniSnavs.

CavukvirdeT kidev ufro Rrmad imave meaTe strofs:

da ornamentiT akrTobda demons

im mSvenieri wignebis Zala,

wignTa yovelTa maSindelT zemo

vardiT morTuli Cnda Tavis qala.

rogorc vrwmundebiT, demons akrTobda mSvenieri wignebis Zala, e. i. isev

mSvenieri produqti adamianis gonebisa da STagonebisa. oRond es yovelive ga-

laktions daumSvenebia simboloebiT, erTi mxriv, `ornamentiT~, meore mxriv,

vardiT _ `vardiT morTuli Cnda Tavis qala~.

leqsis meore variantSi vardis mimarTeba demonTan gacilebiT gamartivebu-

lia. mecxramete striqonSi poeti pirdapir acxadebs: `demons aSinebs vardebis

Zala~. magram aqac moCans wigni, da isic ukvdavi, xolo Tavis qala aqac vardebi-

Taa morTuli (ixileT leqsis me-19 da me-20 striqonebi):

30

demons aSinebs vardebis Zala: erT ukvdav wignze mosCans fiala

da amis gverdiT artistiuli vardiT morTuli sdgas Tavis qala.

bunebrivia, ismis kiTxva: ratom aSinebs demons vardebis Zala?

pasuxi aseTia: Tu demonSi igulisxmeba mxolod artistuli STagoneba, maSin is

Tavad SeiZleba SekrTes misive nayofis mSvenierebis, siZlierisa da siwmindis

winaSe. magram Tu demonSi vigulisxmeT satanuri sawyisi, nuTu mas marTlac aSi-

nebs vardi, rogorc xelovnebis mSvenieri nawarmoebi?

Cveni rwmeniT, demons upirvelesad aSinebs vardi, rogorc mariam RvTismSob-

lis simbolo. RvTismSobeli gaxlavT vardis kidev is erT-erTi Sinaarsi, rom-

liTac galaktionTan datvirTulia es sityva. sayuradReboa, rom aleqsandr

blokis meri, romelic, baironis saTayvanebeli meris msgavsad, cisferTvalebaa

(Меня, задумчивую Мэри / Голубоокую меня), sxva SemTxvevaSi, is ukve

RvTismSobelia da vardTan erTadaa gamosaxuli:

И на амвоне женский голос

Поет о Мэри без конца.

О розах над ее иконой,

Где вечный сумрак и хвала,

О деве дальней, благосклонной,

В чьих взорах – свет, в чьих косах – мгла.

1949 wels galaktionis TxzulebaTa me-6 tomSi pirvelad daibeWda leqsi `var-

debis~ axali redaqcia saTauriT – `oqros Tasi ornamentebiT~.

leqsis aq warmodgenil 1949 wliT daTariRebul variantSi yuradRebas isev

vards mivapyrobT, romelic imave SinaarsiT warmoCindeba, rogorc wina Sem-

TxvevebSi. amis erT-erT dasturad gamogvadgeba striqoni _ `akademia, gelaTis

vardi~. magram am leqsSi vardis, rogorc Semoqmedebis mSvenieri nayofis, Sina-

arsis realizacia xerxdeba Semdegi gziT: vardi ornamentis sinonimad warmoCin-

deba da sul erTia, is oqros Tasze iqneba gamosaxuli, Tu – qvaze.

31

leqsSi `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~ poeti sakuTari cxovrebis gzas vards

Seadarebs, Tumca, aRmoCndeba, rom Tavad sikvdilic, rogorc cxovrebis

dasasruli, misTvis isev vardis dari da vardis feria:

sikvdilis gza arra aris, vardisfer gzis garda.

(`mTawmindis mTvare~)

sikvdili misTvis cxovrebis bolo akordia da poets surs, rom isic

xelovneba da Semoqmedeba iyos. iqneb swored amitomac xdeba galaktioni avtori

sakuTari sikvdilisa, amitomac daaswrebs bunebas da kidev erT Sedevrs Seqmnis.

galaktionis gardacvalebidan oriode wlis Semdeg ingliseli poeti qali

silvia plati, vidre sicocxles TviTmkvlelobiT daamTavrebda, dawers:

`sikvdili iseTive xelovnebaa, rogorc danarCeni sxva yvelaferi. me amas

gamorCeulad kargad gavakeTeb.~

mivubrundebiT leqss _ `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~, sadac poetis cxovre-

bis gza iseTive mouxelTebeli da Soreulia, iseTive idumali, uZiro da irealu-

ri, rogorc sizmari, rogorc Soreuli cis silaJvarde. RamenaTevi da namTvra-

levi poeti aqac civi samarisTvis emzadeba.

magram nawvimari sila simboloa ara marto maradiulobisa, rogorc ukve aRi-

niSna, aramed aseve wyalobisa, rac amavdroulad gamoxatulebaa sulis cremle-

bisa, sulis tirilisa.

ase erTvis galaktionTan simbolo simbolos, xati – xats, erTi poeturi saxe

– meores da a. S. da a. S. ... ase iqmneba integrali poeziisa.

ase ukavSirdeba es leqsi poetis sxva leqsebs da maT Soris im erTsac, ro-

mlis saTauria `stiroda suli cisfer Rvinoebs~, kerZod ki striqonebs:

rogorc mravali vardebis mfeni,

mas suli hqonda uxvad ciuri.

32

rogorc cnobilia, saukuneebis manZilze vardi qristianuli religiis simbo-

loa da igi asocirebulia RvTismSobelTan8. amitomac ferweraSi xSirad Sexvde-

biT madonas, romelic vardiT xelSia gamosaxuli, an Tavze vardebis gvirgvini

adgas. RvTismSoblis gziT vardi qristianul siwmindes ukavSirdeba. albaT, swo-

red amitomac `vardebis~ meore redaqciiT warmodgenil teqstSi galaktioni

kvlav ixsenebs silaSi vardebs da maT siwmindesa da sifaqizesTan akavSirebs

mxolod:

rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi – mainc siwminde da sifaqize.

(me-18 striqoni)

siwmindesa da sifaqizes ukavSirdeba `vardebis~ mecxre strofic:

o, siwmindeo da sifaqize!

Sen ver moaswar, ise dawynardi,

roca mziani iyavi ise,

rogorc uwvimar riJraJSi vardi.

vfiqrobT, zemoaRniSnulis Semdeg aRaraferia sakvirveli imaSi, Tu ratom

uwoda galaktionma leqss _ `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~ Tavdapirvelad _

`dedao RvTisav~.

magram am strofTan dakavSirebiT ukve sxva SekiTxvac wamoiWreba, kerZod, ra

mimarTebaSia striqoni _ `rogorc uwvimar riJraJSi vardi~ striqonTan _ `ro-

gorc nawvimar silaSi vardi~.

rogorc vxedavT, aq erTi meores ki ar gamoricxavs, aramed, piriqiT, isini av-

seben da azusteben erTmaneTs. faqtia, rom orive SemTxvevaSi vardi cis Suqisa da

cis feris fonzea aRqmuli. striqons, `rogorc uwvimar riJraJSi vardi~, axlavs

striqoni _ `roca mziani iyavi ise~. rac Seexeba striqons, `rogorc nawvimar si-

8 ix. Signs & Symbols in Christian Art by George Ferguson, With Illustrations from Paintings of the Renaissance, Oxford University

Press, London, Oxford, New York, 1971, p. 27-46. The Rose, Madison Mallone, Ariel Books, Andrews and McMeel, Kansas City, 1966, p. 60-66.

Е. Я. Шейнина, Энциклопедия символов, М. 2002, стр. 155-157.

33

laSi vardi~, mas azusteben striqonebi: `Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria / da Soreu-

li cis silaJvarde~.

orive SemTxvevaSi vardi cis fonzea danaxuli da aucileblad _ cisferi da

laJvardovani cis fonze: mziani riJraJi cisferia. aseve cisferia `Soreuli cis

silaJvarde~.

sakuTari cxovrebis gzas poeti vards Seadarebs, radgan rwmena, Semoqmedeba

da RvTismSoblis siwminde erTad gansxeulebuli cocxlobda masSi:

rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi,

Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria

da Soreuli cis silaJvarde.

magram kiTxva marad kiTxvad darCeba, Tu ar gavacnobierebT imas, rasac gu-

lisxmobs poeti Tavad `silaSi~.

pirvel yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia, rom galaktioni Tavis cxovrebas adarebs

vards, romelic silaSi warmoudgenia da ara, magaliTad, Tavis qalaSi.

isev moulodnelobis efeqti, radgan vardi, Cveulebriv, miwaSi idgams fesvebs.

amas isic emateba, rom miwa nayofieria, sila ki – unayofo.

amasTan, sila aq simboloa maradiulobisa:

wyalni wavlen da wamovlen,

qviSani darCebiano.

xolo `nawvimari sila~, rogorc literaturuli faqti, vfiqrobT, ukeT ganam-

tkicebs aRniSnul simbolos, ris Sedegadac iqmneba sakmaod STambeWdavi, magram,

amave dros, uCveulo da efemeruli xati `vardisa nawvimar silaSi~.

amasTanave, nurc is dagvaviwydeba, rom sityva `sila~ Semadgeneli nawilia

sityvisa `silaJvarde~, rac zrdis mis damatebiT konotacias da silurje aq ukve

nawvimar silasac dahkravs.

garda zemoaRniSnulisa, mTavari saTqmeli mainc isaa, rom es leqsi aris

poetis aRsareba RvTismSoblisadmi, sadac igi RvTismSobels uCveulo

34

gamowvevas Sehbedavs. yovelive amis fonze friad sayuradReboa leqsis pirveli

striqoni, misi pirveli akordi, romelic mkiTxvels locvad Caesmis:

dedao RvTisav, mzeo mariam…

leqsis pirvel xazs male aRsareba enacvleba da mis yovel striqonSi

Cagvesmis gulwrfeli xma poetis sulis kivilisa. Tumc, es aRsareba uCveulo da

moulodnelia, rameTu aq gaismis dapirispirebac mariam RvTismSobelTan:

dastkbi! asea yvela mgosnebi?

Sens molodinSi asea yvela?

suli, vedrebiT ganaocebi,

Sens ferxT qveS kvdeba, rogorc pepela.

Tu aseT dapirispirebas gamowvevas vuwodebT, maSin is kulminacias Semdeg

striqonebSi aRwevs:

da roca bediT dawyevlil gzaze

sikvdilis landi momeCveneba,

gansasvenebel ziarebaze

CemTan ar mova Seni xseneba.

ra aris es? nuTu mxolod sayveduri RvTismSoblisadmi, romelmac ukeTesi

bedi ar arguna mokvdav poets?

mivyveT msjelobas.

galaktionma WeSmaritad gaiziara yvela didi poetisa Tu moazrovnis bedi,

roca miwier cxovrebas maRali sulierebis gadasaxedidan gadaxeda. am gzaze man

mravali simware iwvnia, magram aseTi arCevani xom erT cxovrebad uRirda.

poetma icis, rom samyaro da epoqa, romelSic is cxovrobs, uRmerTo da uRvTis-

mSobloa (`Cemi meetle~, `mwuxareba~, `samSoblo Savi liuciferis~, `ar gegona~, `Tu

brZola ar aris~, `cxraas Tvrameti~). galaktioni Tavad miiCnevs sakuTar Tavs im

35

codvil Svilad, romelTanac sikvdilis Jams ziarebaze albaT ar miva

RvTismSoblis xseneba.

marTalia, poetTan ar midis RvTismSobeli, magram poeti xom Tavad midis

masTan. TiTqos waSlila manZili ciur usasrulobaSi CaZirul RvTismSobelsa

da miwier poets Soris:

da maSin vityvi: aha, movedi

gedi daWrili ocnebis baRiT.

RvTismSoblis miwierebaze, amavdroulad mis didebulebaze, migvaniSnebs is

faqti, rom leqsis erT-erT variantSi poeti mas mravalgzis dedoflad

moixseniebs:

dedao RvTisav, dedofalo, mzeo mariam...

....

da Tu rogorme, dedofalo, isev gaTenda...

...

da maSin vityvi, dedofalo, aha, movedi...

...

Sexede, dastkbi, dedofalo! Cemi Tvalebi...

leqsis es varianti zemoT Cven davukavSireT leqss `saRamo~, sakuTriv mis

sityvebs `da dedofali alva~, sadac RvTismSobels galaktioni isev dedoflad

warmoadgens. isic gvmarTebs gavixsenoT, rom qristes jvarcmasTan erT

metaforaSi gaerTianebuli RvTismSobeli imdenad axlobelia galaktionisaTvis,

rom imave leqsSi `saRamo~ poeti mas Tavis lurj anu, ciur dad warmogvidgens:

`jvarze gakruli elva _ / es Cemi daa lurji~.

poeti, romelic meris mariam RvTismSobelTan aigivebs, iseve emSvidobeba

RvTismSobels, viTarca sanatrel qals da masTan erTad gafrenil ocnebas:

ase mwuxare videqi didxans

da Cems win Savi, swori verxvebi

36

aSrialebdnen foTlebs bnelxmians,

rogorc gafrenil arwivis frTebi.

da Srialebda toti verxvisa,

raze _ vin icis! vin icis, meri!

bedi, romelic me ar meRirsa _

qars mihyveboda, rogorc namqeri.

(`meri~)

poeti, erTi mxriv, pasuxs agebs sakuTar codvebze da Tavad kacobriobaze,

rogorc ama soflis codvili Svili. aqedan modis is maradiuli sevda, romelsac

ver umsubuqebs verc qristes Tavganwirva da verc misi didi misia _ exsna

codvebisagan kacobrioba.

meore mxriv, poeti aris iq, sadac qristea, sadac RvTismSobelia, radgan poeti

iseTive msxverplia kacobriobisa, rogorc Tavad wmindani:

jvars ecvi, Tu ginda! saSveli

ar aris, ar aris, ar aris!

(`Semodgoma `umanko Casaxebis~ mamaTa savaneSi~)

vici, samyaro mas moswyindeba,

darCeba xsovna yofnas, dioniss

da iSviaTad Tu mobrwyindeba

sxva saukune galaktionis.

angelosebi mas Seafardebs

qristes, romelic jvarze gakrula

da ca kiviliT dauSvebs fardebs

am saaqaos wyevlad da krulvad.

(`cisferi~)

vardia silaSi Tavad poetis cxovreba, romelic iseTive Soreuli da

cisferia, viT silaJvarde, magram, amave dros _ miwieri.

37

zemoT ukve vaxseneT galaktionis sxva damoukidebeli leqsi `silaSi vardi~,

romelic ar yofila gamoqveynebuli poetis mier.

miuxedavad imisa, rom orive leqsi konceptualurad erTiandeba, da ara marto

konceptualurad, razec zemoT mivaniSnebdiT, `silas~ aq aucileblad damatebiTi

konotacia uviTardeba, saxeldobr, is, rom sila im brbos simravleze mianiSnebs,

romelic ver ugebs poets.

RvTismSobeli misTvis vardia, magram vardia silaSi, radgan `silaSi vardi~

misTvis ara marto cis silaJvardea, aramed simravleSi gasresili yvavilic.

`bevria, rogorc qviSa da sila~, _ ityvis sxva dros galaktioni:

bevria, rogorc qviSa da sila,

cremli Wabukis, oxvra beberis, _

unda gavawna TviTeuls sila

iseTi, rogorc monebs Seferis.

yvela SemTxvevaSi es aris vardi silaSi, romelsac Turme SeiZleba zecac

daemuqros da brboc:

neba aqvs zecas sul daaWknos is,

brbosac neba aqvs, fexiT gasTelos!

(`silaSi vardi~)

RvTismSobeli, qriste, RmerTi da poeti vardia brboSi, vardia silaSi.

gavixsenoT leqsi `mTawmindis mTvare~:

mTawmindis mTvare

jer arasdros ar Sobila mTvare ase wynari!

mdumarebiT Semosili SeRamebis qnari

qrolviT iwvevs cisfer landebs da xeebSi aqsovs...

38

ase Cumi, ase nazi jer ca me ar maxsovs!

mTvare TiTqos zambaxia SuqTa mkrTali mZiviT,

da mis SuqSi gaxveuli msubuq sizmariviT

mosCans mtkvari da metexi TeTrad moelvare...

oh! arasdros ar Sobila ase nazi mTvare!

aq Cems axlo moxucis lands sZinavs mefur ZiliT,

aq mwuxare sasaflaos, vardiT da gviriliT,

efineba varskvlavebis krToma mxiaruli...

baraTaSvils aq uyvarda oblad siaruli...

da mec movkvde simRerebSi tbis sevdian gedad,

oRond vTqva, Tu Ramem sulSi rogor Caixeda,

Tu sizmarma viT Seisxa cidan camde frTebi,

da gaSala ocnebaTa lurji ialqnebi;

Tu sikvdilis siaxlove rogor asxvaferebs

momakvdavi gedis hangTa vardebs da CanCqerebs,

Tu rogor vgrZnob, rom sulisTvis, am zRvam rom aRzarda,

sikvdilis gza arra aris, vardisfer gzis garda;

rom am gzaze zRaparia mgosanT siTamame,

rom arasdros ar yofila ase Cumi Rame,

rom, aCrdilno, me Tqvens axlo sikvdils vegebebi,

rom mefe var da mgosani da simReriT vkvdebi,

rom wahyveba saukunes TqvenTan Cemi qnari...

jer arasdros ar Sobila mTvare ase wynari!

1915

mivubrundeT striqons: `aq mwuxare sasaflaos, vardiT da gviriliT~. ra

simboluri datvirTva aqvs vardsa da gvirilas, garda imisa, rom poeti aq

yvavilebiT Semkobil sasaflaos aRwers? rogorc zemoT iTqva, qristianul

filosofiaSi vardi RvTismSoblis simboloa. aqvs Tu ara msgavsi datvirTva

39

gvirilas? aqvs, radgan is yrma qristes simbolod mogvevlineba9. amgvarad,

galaktionma RvTismSobeli yrma qristesTan erTad gamosaxa.

analogiuria am simboloTa datvirTva leqsSi `verxvebi~:

verxvebi

yovelTvis, roca daberavs qari

da nisls mTebisas gaifens afrad,

verxvis foTolTa TeTri laSqari

aSrialdeba uSores zRaprad.

zRapari igi maTrobs da mxiblavs

Zveli Rvinis smiT, uRonod, mZafrad,

sadRac dakargul vards da gvirilebs

mogonebebSi viWer Tanabrad.

es iyo winaT, didi xnis winaT...

sad, rodis, risTvis? ar vici, ara!

iyvnen odesRac da mieZinaT...

Relavs foTlebis mwyobri kamara.

mas Semdeg bedi da ialqani

qaris simZimiT gadaixara,

Sen ki sada xar amdeni xani?

risTvis, an visTan? ar vici, ara!

es iyo winaT, didi xnis winaT,

es iyo verxvis foTlebis kvnesa,

drom yvavilebiT dagvagvirgvina,

me paJi viyav, is ki _ princesa.

1915

9 Signs & Symbols in Christian Art by George Ferguson, p. 30.

40

isev vardi da gvirila, isev RvTismSobeli da isev yrma qriste: `sadRac

dakargul vards da gvirilebs...~

galaktioni RvTismSoblis gverdiT qristes mxolod am formiT rodi

gamosaxavs. RvTismSobels galaktionTan qristes jvarcma enacvleba, rac

simbolurad verxviTa da verxvis SrialiT gadmoicema, ise, rogorc am leqsSia _

`verxvis foTolTa TeTri laSqari / aSrialdeba uSores zRaprad~, an rogorc es

xdeba leqsSi _ `meri~: `da Srialebda toti verxvisa, / raze _ vin icis! vin icis,

meri! / bedi, romelic me ar meRirsa _ / qars mihyveboda, rogorc namqeri~.

qristianulma tradiciam verxvTan kavSirSi ori miTi Semogvinaxa. pirveli,

romlis mixedviT, jvari, romelzedac qriste ecva verxvis xisgan iyo gamoTlili;

meore, mogviTxrobs, rom qristes jvarcmis dros, niSnad didi mwuxarebisa, yvela

xem Tavi daxara. gamonaklisi verxvis xe iyo, romelic urCobis gamo zenam dasaja

da iqidan moyolebuli is marad TrTis.10

rogorc vxedavT, galaktioni am ukanasknel versias iziarebs da verxvis xe

masTan swored am simboluri datvirTviTaa warmoCenili. rasakvirvelia, amave

dros paralelurad iqmneba bunebis mSvenieri suraTi verxvis foTolTa

Srialisa, romelic Tavisi haerovnebiTa da mRelvarebiT kidev ufro

romantikuls xdis leqsSi moqceul poetur saxeebs.

poeturi Sedevri, rogorc qmnileba, Cveulebriv, polifoniuria.

polifoniuria araerTi sityvac aseTi qmnilebisa, romelic poets leqsis

sayrdenad SeurCevia. ai, swored aseT SemTxvevaze Tqmula mravalgzis, rom

poetur teqstSi sityva ukve Tavadaa mxatvruli nawarmoebi. WeSmaritad asea

galaktionTanac.

galaktionis sityva, iseve rogorc misi striqoni da Tavad leqsi

mravlismetyveli da mravlis damtevia, rac qmnis kidec misi poeziis uZiro

siRrmes. galaktionis leqsis Sinaarsi verasodes daiyvaneba erTmniSvnelian ga-

gebamde. misi poezia integraluria: erT suraTs meore mohyveba, erT Sinaarss me-

ore cvlis, meores – mesame, mesames – meoTxe da a. S., rogorc amas Tavad poeti

acxadebs:

10 Signs & Symbols in Christian Art by George Ferguson, p. 28.

41

roca ubralo sidideTa

rCeba rkalebi,

umaRlesi gza win meSleba:

integralebi.

rTul integralebs me vadareb

exla meores,

msgavsebas maTsa da poetis

cxovrebas Soris;

mas xom jer isev bavSvobis dros,

didi xnis winad,

sityvebTan brZola da daZleva

hqonia Jinad.

exla ki mis win gaiSleba

fernaalebi –

umaRlesi gza – poeziis

integralebi!

(`poeziis integralebi~)