Margarita Greene, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Rodrigo MoraUniversidad Técnica Federico Santa María

AUTOPISTAS URBANAS CONCESIONADAS:

una nueva forma de segregación

Santiago de Chile

EL PROCESO URBANO

_rapid urbanization_urban sprawl_spatial dispersal_car usage_in fifty years population increases five times

LA RESPUESTA DEL GOBIERNO

TRANSANTIAGO PLAN• improvement and rationalization of bus system• new metro lines• privately operated highways

Económicas

Transporte

Urbano-Arquitectónicas

APREHENSIONES

5,2 million inhabitantsYearly consumption of 40,000 ha farming land

16 million trips a day, 1/3 to the CBD CONGESTION_POLLUTION_ACCIDENTS

Implications to be considered:

• unequal distribution of services and infrastructure• system that allows no relation with passing neighbourhood• free urban fabric looses continuity and integration

INCOME INDEX EDUCATION INDEX

The road network in the city:

From: Cerda and the celebrated ‘ensanche de Barcelona”, Hausmann, Panerait, Solá Morales, Koolhaas, Allen and many others

To: Hillier, Hanson, Penn et al…

IN THE CASE OF SANTIAGO:

Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna1875

Karl Brunner, 1935

IN THE CASE OF SANTIAGO:

FundamentaL CorridorsJuan Parroquia 1979

PRIS, 1960

IN THE CASE OF SANTIAGO:

IN THE CASE OF SANTIAGO:

German Bannen, 1990

IN THE CASE OF SANTIAGO:

Futuras autopistas urbanas en Santiago

city before highwayssystem city with highway system

city with highway system city without toll

Conexiones producidas por las autopistas sobre el Mapocho.

SYNTACTICAL MODELS:

Three situations to compare:• before the Privately operated highways• with the Private System incorporated to the city fabric• the remaining free-of-charge city

Before Highways With Highways Without Highways Global Integration 1.127 100% 1.116 99% 1.002 89% Local Integration 2.952 100% 2.990 101% 2.947 100% Sinergy 0.203 100% 0.176 87% 0.197 97%

IN THE CASE OF SANTIAGO:

city today with highways without toll

not using highway system

Rn R3

THE RICHER ORIENTE SECTOR:

Before Highways With Highways Without Highways Global Integration 1.120 100% 1.109 99% 0.993 89% Local Integration 2.715 100% 2.713 100% 2.698 99% Sinergy 0.313 100% 0.308 98% 0.271 86%

Rn R3

with highway system

Conclusions:

Although the highway system is presented as modernization, the main effect could be the intensification of Santiago’s social and spatial segregation.

• the highways will not only divide the city, but they will make it harder to move and to find the way in the city• while the people that use the highways system will loose contact with the urban context, the people who do no use it will loose connectivity with the entire city.

In both cases the concept of city as a space of social interchange is weakened, favouring the idea of isolation in well-defined and socially stratified neighbourhoods.

Privately operated highways seem to be opposed to the former Chilean philosophy of urban space (Vicuña Mackenna, Brunner, Parroquia, Bannen), in which the idea was to integrate the city and to maximise availability for the entire population. Thus Idelfonso Cerda’s idea of the dual system, that comprises connectivity and social interchange , published nearly 150 years ago, seems every day more difficult to achieve in Santiago.

CONCLUSIONS:

the end.