March 13, 2007 Architecture Styles and Vocabulary QUIZ tomorrow Construction QUIZ on Wednesday DRILL...
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Transcript of March 13, 2007 Architecture Styles and Vocabulary QUIZ tomorrow Construction QUIZ on Wednesday DRILL...
March 13, 2007
Architecture Styles and Vocabulary QUIZ tomorrow
Construction QUIZ on Wednesday
DRILL
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Architecture Styles Video
Identify 1 person/thing associated with the time period of each style covered
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Methods of counteracting lateral loads:
Structural Forces
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Strength of Materials
• Deflection – bending that results from both tension and compression acting on a member at the same time.
– Vertical
– Horizontal
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Strength of Materials
• Deflection – bending that results from both tension and compression acting on a member at the same time.
– No deflection
Foundations
Methods and materials vary across the country, but the basic principles of foundation construction are the same.
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Foundations
Every structure needs a foundation:
• Provides a level and uniformly distributed support.
– Prevents walls from cracking
– Prevents doors and windows from sticking
• Prevents cold air and dampness from entering
• Waterproof basements
• Form supporting walls for the basement
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Materials and Components
• Bearing Surface– The area under a foundation (soil)
– Must be capable of bearing the load
• Concrete– A combination of cement (clay and limestone), water,
stone aggregate, and chemicals that improve strength or workability.
• Strong compression strength
• Decay-proof
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Materials and Components
• Concrete Block – commonly referred to as cinderblock
• Reinforcing Bars (Rebars) – Concrete resists compression well
– To resist tension, steel bars add reinforcement
Materials and Components
• Wire Mesh– Steel-welded mesh is used in slabs in place of rebar
Rebar
WireMesh
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Materials and Components
• Rebar and Wire Mesh
RebarWireMesh
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Footings (or footers)• Bases of foundations and foundation walls• Concrete – firm contact with supporting soil, decay-proof,
withstand heavy weights• 2 types:
– Continuous – extend under walls and around perimeter
– Individual – support vertical structural members only
Materials and Components
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Types of Foundations
• A footing and a wall: poured concrete or concrete block• Necessary in structures with basements • Prepared by:
– Pouring the footing into an excavated trench– Leveling the top of the footing– Erecting a concrete block or masonry wall on top of footing
1. T-Foundation2. Slab Foundation3. Pier-and-Column4. Permanent Wood
Types of Foundations
• Materials used in the construction of foundation walls– Concrete, Stone, Brick, Concrete Block
• Construction of a basement
1. T-Foundation
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Types of Foundations
• Made of reinforced concrete• Two types:
– Monolithic (one stone)• Slab Floor and footing are poured as 1 piece
– Two-piece• Footings poured separately from the floor slabs
2. Slab Foundation
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Types of Foundations
2. Slab Foundation
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Types of Foundations
• Individual footings (piers)– Sloped or Stepped
– Spread load of structure with minimal added volume
• Posts and columns placed upon footings– Vertical members support girders and beams
– Posts – short and usually made of wood
– Columns – long and usually made of masonry
• Used alone or in conjunction with foundation walls• Fewer materials and less labor needed• Seldom used in basements – occupy needed space
3. Pier-and-Column Foundations
Types of Foundations
3. Pier-and-Column Foundations
• Piles – Piers driven into soil or bedrock without separate footing
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Types of Foundations
4. Permanent Wood Foundations
• Constructed solely of wood• Pressure-treated with wood preservatives
– Permanently protects the foundation from fungi, termites, and other causes of decay
– Highly stress resistant
• 2 advantages– Absorbs and distributes what frequently cracks other
foundations– Prevents moisture problems typical of basements
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Types of Foundations
4. Permanent Wood Foundations