March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes...
-
Upload
geraldine-robbins -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes...
![Page 1: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1
ECE-1466Modern OpticsCourse Notes
Part 1
Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio
Northeastern University
Spring 2002
![Page 2: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-2
ECE1466: Modern Optics
• Instructor: Chuck DiMarzio• Office Hours: Thu 2-4 or by appointment• E-mail: dimarzio @ ece.neu.edu• Web: Check frequently for new material
– http://ece.neu.edu/courses/ece1466/ece1466.html
• Course Mailing List: Use for general questions– mailto:[email protected]
– Send me e-mail and I will add your name.
![Page 3: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-3
Lecture 1 Overview
• Introduction– Why Optics?– A bit of history– Motivational Example; Microscope
• Administrivia– Course Layout– Grading– Syllabus
![Page 4: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-4
Why Optics?Absorption Spectrum of the Atmosphere
Absorption Spectrum ofLiquid Water
Index of Refraction
1nm 1m1m 1mm 1m 1km
1nm1m1m1km 1mm
from Jackson
![Page 5: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-5
Earthlight
![Page 6: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-6
A Bit of History
1900180017001600 200010000-1000
“...and the foot of it of brass, of the lookingglasses of the women assembling,” (Exodus 38:8)
Rectilinear Propagation(Euclid)
Shortest Path (Almost Right!)(Hero of Alexandria)
Plane of IncidenceCurved Mirrors(Al Hazen)
Empirical Law of Refraction (Snell)
Light as PressureWave (Descartes)
Law of LeastTime (Fermat)
v<c, & Two Kinds of Light (Huygens)
Corpuscles, Ether (Newton)
Wave Theory (Longitudinal) (Fresnel)
Transverse Wave, Polarization Interference (Young)
Light & Magnetism (Faraday)
EM Theory (Maxwell)
Rejectionof Ether, Early QM (Poincare, Einstein)
![Page 7: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-7
More Recent History
2000199019801970196019501940193019201910
Laser(Maiman)
Quantum Mechanics
Optical Fiber(Lamm)
SM Fiber(Hicks)
HeNe(Javan)
http://www.sff.net/people/Jeff.Hecht/chron.html
Polaroid Sheets (Land)Phase Contrast (Zernicke)
Holography (Gabor)
Optical Maser(Schalow, Townes)
GaAs(4 Groups)
CO2
(Patel)
FEL(Madey)
Hubble Telescope
http://members.aol.com/WSRNet/D1/hist.htm
Speed/Light (Michaelson)
Spont. Emission (Einstein)
Many New Lasers
Erbium Fiber Amp
Commercial Fiber Link (Chicago)
![Page 8: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-8
Some Everyday Applications
• Illumination
• Signaling
• Cameras; Film and Electronic
• Bar-Code Reader
• Surveying and Rangefinding
• Microscopy
• Astronomy
![Page 9: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-9
My Research Interests
• Biological and Medical Imaging– Acousto-Photonic Imaging (DOT and Ultrasound)
– Optical Quadrature Microscopy
• Landmine Detection– Laser-Induced Acoustic Mine Detection
– Microwave-Enhanced Infrared Thermography
• Environmental Sensing– Optical Magnetic Field Sensor
– Underwater Imaging with a Laser Line Scanner
– Hyperspectral Imaging Laboratory Experiments
![Page 10: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-10
Some Other Applications (1)
• Communication– Lasers and Fast Modulation
– Fibers for Propagation
– Fast Detectors
– Dense Wavelength Diversity Multiplexing
– Free-Space Propagation (Not Much)
• Optical Disk Memory– Lasers, Detectors
– Diffraction Limited Optics
![Page 11: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-11
Some Other Applications (2)
• Photo Lithography for Integrated Circuits– Short Wavelength Sources– Diffraction Limited Optics
• Adaptive Optical Imaging– Non-Linear Materials or Mechanical Actuators
• Velocimetry and Vibrometry– Coherent Detection, Coherent Sources
![Page 12: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-12
Some Other Applications (3)
• Hyperspectral Imaging– Dispersive Elements– Large Detector Arrays– Fast Processing
• Medical Treatment– Delivery– Dosimetry
![Page 13: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-13
Some Recent Advances
• Laser Tweezers
• Optical Cooling
• Entangled-States
• Fiber-Based Sensors
• Optical Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
![Page 14: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-14
Motivation: Designing a New Microscope
• It’s Not Just About Resolution– Resolution Limited by Diffraction
• It’s About What Is Measured– Transmission, Reflection, Phase, Fluorescence,
Polarization, Non-Linear Properties
• And About How Data Are Processed– Registration, Deconvolution, Tomography, Parameter
Estimation
• And About Measuring Everything at Once
![Page 15: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-15
Contrast Features
• Material Properties– Wavespeed
– Attenuation
– Birefringence
– Non-Linearity
• Composition: What are the materials?
• Quantitative Measurements: How much of each?
• Structure: How they are arranged?– Boundaries– Shapes
![Page 16: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-16
A Couple of Rules
• Frequency and Wavelength– =c where is frequency, is wavelength– c is the speed of light.
• Photon Energy– E = h where h is Planck’s constant
• Materials Absorb and Emit Photons with Corresponding Changes in Energy
![Page 17: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-17
Some Material PropertiesAbsorption
Energy
Emission Fluorescence
2-photon
![Page 18: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-18
3-D Fusion Microscope
DIC
QTM
TPLSM
LSCMRCM
![Page 19: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-19
Interference and Quadrature Microscopy
QWP
Object
CCD
CCD
Laser Source
![Page 20: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-20
Mouse Embryos with DIC
Image by Carsta Cielich in Carol Warner’s Laboratory at Northeastern University
4-Cell Embryo
2-Cell
1-Cell
Multi-Cell Embryo
m
Fragmented Cell
CompactedEmbryo
![Page 21: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-21
Mouse Oocyte with QTM
3993.jpg10027.jpg
10028.jpg
Unwrapped Phase
Phase
Amplitude
![Page 22: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-22
Reflectance Confocal;
VivaScope 1000 - imaging in vivo
Some 3D Scanning Microscopes
thanks to Badri Roysam, RPI
FluorescenceConfocal Two-Photon Microscope
100 200 300 400 500 600
100
200
300
400
500
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500 600
pxl
pxl
pxl pxl
![Page 23: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-23
What Does Each Mode Contribute?
• DIC: – 2-D Structure
• QTM:– 2-D Phase, 3-D Index and Absorption
• RCM:– 3-D Structure
• LSCM:– 3-D Composition
• TPLSM:– 3-D Composition (Endogenous Fluorophores)
![Page 24: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-24
Why Use This Example?
• Important Application Area• Current Interest at Northeastern• Coverage of Important Topics
– Geometric Optics– Diffraction– Interference– Polarization– Non-Linear Optics– Lasers– Signals and Noise
![Page 25: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-25
Some Everyday Concepts (1)
• Specular and Diffuse Reflection• Refraction
Specular Diffuse Retro
![Page 26: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-26
Some Everyday Concepts (2)
• Imaging
Wavefronts
![Page 27: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-27
High-School Optics
F
F’
Object
Image
![Page 28: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-28
Basic Geometric Optics
• Reflection and Refraction• Imaging
– Real and Virtual– Image Location; Conjugate Planes– Magnification
• Transverse, Angular, Longitudinal
• Reflecting Optics (Not much in this course)• Refracting Optics
![Page 29: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-29
Reflection
![Page 30: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-30
Plane of Incidence
’’
• Contains Normal• Contains Incident Ray• And Thus Contains
Refracted Ray• Is the Plane Shown in
the Drawing• Angles
– Defined from Normal
![Page 31: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-31
Imaging
• First, Assume a Point Object– Spherical Wavefronts and Radial Rays Define
Object Location– Find Image Location– Real or Virtual?
• Next Assume an Extended Object– Compute Magnification
• Transverse, Longitudinal, Angular
![Page 32: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-32
Where Are We Going?
• Geometric Optics– Reflection– Refraction
• The Thin Lens– Multiple Surfaces– (From Matrix Optics)
• Principal Planes• Effective Thin Lens
– Stops• Field• Aperture
– Aberrations
Ending with a word about ray tracing and optical design.
![Page 33: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-33
The Plane Mirror (1)Point Object Extended Object
A A’-s’s
A A’
B B’
h x x’
![Page 34: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-34
The Plane Mirror (2)
dx’dy’ ds’
ds
dy
dx
x’=x m=x’/x=1Transverse Magnification
ds’=-ds mz=ds’/ds=-1
Longitudinal Magnification
’’= m=’’/=1Angular Magnification
Image is Virtual (Dotted lines converge)Erect (m>0),Perverted (can not rotate to object)but not distorted (|m|=|mz|)
(refer to pictureon left side ofprevious page)
![Page 35: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-35
Refracting Surfaces (1)
Snell’s Law
’’
n n’
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Angle of Incidence
Ang
le o
f Ref
ract
ion
Air to WaterAir to GlassAir to ZnSe (10 m)Air to Ge (10 m)
![Page 36: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-36
Refracting Surfaces (2)
Snell’s Law
’
n n’
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Angle of Incidence
Ang
le o
f Ref
ract
ion
Water to AirGlass to AirZnSe to Air (10 m)Ge to Air(10 m)
Critical Anglen
n'sin
![Page 37: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-37
Sign Definitions
• Object Distance, s– Positive to Left
• Image Distance, s’– For Refraction
• Positive to Right
– For Reflection• Positive to Left
• Notation– Capital Letter; Point
– Lower Case; Distance
– (Almost Always)
s s’
s’
s
A
A’
B
B’
FF’
f
![Page 38: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-38
Real and Virtual Images
• Real Image– Rays Converge
– Can Image on Paper
– Solid Lines in Notes
• Virtual Image– Extended Rays
Converge
– Dotted-Lines in notes
![Page 39: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-39
The Thin Lens (1)
![Page 40: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-40
The Thin Lens (2)
Front Focal LengthBack Focal Length
f f’
![Page 41: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-41
Special Case: Thin Lens in Air
Lens Makers Equation with d = 0Lens Equation
f f’
![Page 42: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-42
Imaging Systems H H’V V’
D’Dfs s’
f’
B B’
w w’
s, s’ are object and image distancesw, w’ are working distances
![Page 43: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-43
Principal Planes with Bending
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
p1, P
ower
of F
ront
Sur
face
, /cm
.
Locations: V, V',H,H'
P1+P2=0.1/cm, z 12=0.5 cm, n=1.5HH’=VV’/3 holds, except for extreme meniscus lenses.
H, H’ in lens from plano-convex to convex-plano.
Mensicus lenses not common.
![Page 44: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-44
Bending an IR Lens (Ge: n=4)
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
p1, P
ower
of F
ront
Sur
face
, /cm
.
Locations: V, V',H,H'
P1+P2=0.1/cm, z 12=0.5 cm, n=4
HH’=VV’X3/4 for n=4, over a wide range of bending.
Meniscus lenses are more common in the IR because of the high indices of refraction, as we will see later.
![Page 45: March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-1 ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 1 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4e889/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
March 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-1-45
Some Optical Failures
f’f
Right Focal Length,Wrong Principal PlanesFor the Application
Meniscus Lens forInfrared Detector