Marcel Veldhuis Scientist Royal Netherland Institute

8/10/2019 Marcel Veldhuis Scientist Royal Netherland Institute

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How to Meet Ballast Water PerformanceStandards?

Assessing (cost)-efficiency of BWT systemsEnsuring fast ballast water production at highsediment loadEvaluating latest developments of the North SeaBallast Water Opportunity project

Marcel VeldhuisNIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchP.O.box 591790AB Den Burg, TEXELThe [email protected]


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Why a concern for ships? A ship-owners confession !!!

Thank you also for the dinner, gorgeous, not like the information, which will take a lot longer to digest.

I think we may be heading the wrong direction on the whole life battle. We spend a lot of energy combatinggrowth onboard all ships.

We already use Marine growth prevention systems (MGPS) to prevent fouling of pipe lines. Which areelectrolysis based chlorine producing systems. (The chlorine is not neutralised on these systems)

We use anti fouling paints to prevent growth on the hull, which now are copper based biocides.

We heat the lubrication oil to 95 C to kill any life.

We occasionally have to dose the fuel tanks to prevent 'Bugs', in both gas oil and heavy oil.

Fresh water onboard is chlorinated and UV'ed to death.

Even the cargos are often bombed with 'Phosgene Gas' to kill any stowaways, (of the many legged type)

Port health and Port State inspections ensure the accommodation could be used as an operating theatre.

We are trying to be little sterile pools in an ocean of life. Never going to win.


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3

Ecological

new invasion every 9 weeks

Economical

losses in 100s of billions euro/year globally

Tentative calculation results in documented costs of alien species inEurope (IEEP-Project):11.4 billion /year (1.8 control, 9.6 damage)

Human health

paralytic/other shell fish poisoning

Cholera outbreaks ????

The problem

Regional Impacts

number %

Mediterranean Sea 662 46,8North Sea 230 16,2

Atlantic coast 177 12,5Baltic Sea 170 12,0Black Sea 83 5,9

Azores 25 1,8Irish waters & NW UK 51 3,6

Arctic waters 18 1,3Total 1416 100,0

Region Total

Gollasch et al


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EU-Marine Strategy framework Directive (2020)

EU's 6th Environment Action Programme (6EAP)

Biodiversity and bioinvasions

North Sea Ballast Water Opportunity program(EU-Interreg IVB prog; 2009 - >2014 )

www.NorthSeaBallast.eu

7 NS countries; > 40 (sub)partners

(EMSA, IMO, HELCOM, ICES, IUCN, OSPAR etc.)Belgium, the Netherlands, UK, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway .

EU response

Where policy meets science and industry


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Interreg IVB boundariesan ERDF program

geographical limitations

7 Countries

regions bordering NSR

partners located within those

geographical boundaries


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North Sea Ballast Water Opportunity project

facilitate ratification of IMO Ballast WaterManagement Convention (BWMC):

Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands

Overcome barriers:Boost technological innovation

Stimulate maritime industry (ca 40% BWTsystems)Common standards / uniform implementationInvolvement of stakeholders (public & private)

Knowledge exchange and dedicated researchDevelop expertise and knowledge center


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Rationale

one of the most densely shipped areasone ecological zone*

overcome bottlenecks for ratification BWMC

* MCA BaWa Scoping Study[DNV, 2005]


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North Sea- water masses and remainingcurrents

Marine currentsfacilitatefurther distributionof invasives.Supported by modelstudies

Impact in the North Sea


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Purpose of academic research

provide knowledge/expertise/datasurvival strategies

mitigation/growth strategiesgaps in knowledges/guidelines

9


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NIOZ; ballast water research centre

fundamental need of biology, chemistry and ecotoxicology (holistic approach)suitable test site with good facilitiestidal system with coastal water varying in salinity (24 34 PSU) and

turbidity (10 - > 100 mg/l), challenging test water testing since 2004; 9 land-based certif. testing and > 40 pilot studiesviability of remaining organisms but also vitality of discharged water

10


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NIOZ; ballast water research centre

testing under realistic conditions ; large biodiversity (viruses, bacteria,phytoplankton, zooplankton)different stages (eggs, cysts, larvae, juveniles, adults etc)

development of detection tools for Port State Inspection and monitoringbe ready for the unexpected reality of the field different from theory and standard artificial test soup(test bugs and standard sediment)

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Barnacles (Balanusnauplia

cypris larva

adult


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Bacteria

Viruses


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filtration,

hydrocyclones , !! Market 8 billion euro !!

heat treatment , 40% of industry in NS region

UV treatment ,

ozone treatment,

chemical treatment (chlorine, PERACLEAN Ocean ),

Inert gas-systems, Treatment solutions

combinations of above, based on killing

silver bullets ALL organisms

ballast water treatment drinking water or

waste water treatment


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Performance of current BWT systems


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delayed effects of UV

Current status BWT technologies

benchmark: > 50 m organismslife organisms > 50 m

treated discharge [day 5]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

n u m

b e r

[ a v e r a g e

/ m 3 ]

0.01

0.1

1

10 SEDNAEcochlor BalPureERMA-firstHyde-GuardianOPS AquaTricom

UV

Cl


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Efficiency of BWT systems

Results of current generation of BWT-systems

define common unit

Efficiency : - 10 log {# discharge/ # intake}

0: # intake = # discharge 1: 90 % reduction 2: 99 % 3: 99.9% etc


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Current status BWT technologiesbenchmark: > 50 m organisms

initial organisms number s efficiency

total organisms [#/m3]

1e+3 1e+4 1e+5 1e+6 1e+7

e f f i c i e n c y

01

2

34

5

67

8controlPeraclean Oc.chlorineUV


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Current status BWT technologiesbenchmark: 10 - 50 m organisms (phytoplankton)

Total cell numbers per mL

treated T5

Hamann Ecochlor STDN ERMA Hyde-Guardian Mahle AquaWorX

n u m b e r s / m L

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

delayed effects of UVpresent but non viable


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Current status BWT technologiesbenchmark: 10 - 50 m org. (phytoplankton)

19cell number [#/mL]500 1500 50001000

e f f i c i e n c y

0

1

23

4

5

6

7

active substanceV-irradiationcontrol


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Total bacteria

bacteria [numbers/mL]1e+6 1e+7

b a c t e r i a [ n u m b e r s / m L ]

1e+4

1e+5

1e+6

1e+7

intake - control tank T5intake - treated T5

intake - Discharge Inc. Tx


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Current detection/inspection technologies and availability

Organismgroup

technology Numbers Viability Availability Degreeexpertise

Viruses FCM Y (30 min) N + +

Bacteria FCM Y (30 min) Y (15 min) + +

Bacteriaheterotrophic

Plating Y (>1 day) Y (>1 day) + +/_

Human

pathogens

Electrobeads

(ZebraBioScience)

Y (


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On-site & real-time detection/inspection

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Large variability in organismsIn terms of size, shape and

viabilityLarge volumes need to sampled(statistical representativeness)Indicative or full scale inspection

Legally defendable !!!!


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Representativeness Biological vs Statistical

Conflicting requirementsSample Volume/Time; numbers and viability

large Volume/time more organisms;

Higher statistical value,

but decline in viabilitysmall Volume/time less organisms;

Lower statistical value,

but better viabilitySample volume/number in relation to its purpose


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a tamperproof mini flow

cytometer

Classical platingHeterotrophic bacteria (CFUs)>

1 day

Bacteria Viability: dual stainingFile: G0095348 10 l dead/40 l life

G0095348.LMD

FL1 LOG

F L 3 L O G

100

101

102

103

104

100

101

102

103

104

dead bact

live Bact.

growing baFree-ATP measurementHydrolysis of bacteria

Current detection/inspection technologies and availability


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ballast water unavoidable cost factor

revision of BWM Convention based on current expertiseand results

the Phase-2 standard of the USCG

focus on tools for Compliance Enforcement and monitoring(indicative vs full scale sampling)

exceptional ballasting ships

time for second generation of BWT systems

greensolutions, low energy, no active substancessolve a major hurdle: filters (needed or not)

Future


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Current Gaps: exceptional vessels/ballasting

larger ballast water volumes (> 12,000 m 3/h), In-tanktreatment !!!


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The ultimate filter

The ultimate

test


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There will be no wisdom without

ballastSorry about the rant, I promise any future

emails will be much more positive.

Thank you for your attention


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Invitation for site visit at research facility of

Royal NIOZ (texel)

Friday May 13 th

Lectures and on site information and full scale BWT systems

www.NorthSeaBallast.eu

Marcel Veldhuis Scientist Royal Netherland Institute

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