Measuring Global Value Chains with the WIOD (World Input ...
Mapping Global Value Chains: International Input-Output Table
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Transcript of Mapping Global Value Chains: International Input-Output Table
- 1. Satoshi Inomata IDE-JETRO Mapping Global Value Chains: International Input-Output Table
2. 3E HOT TOPICS - Employment and poverty - Environmental issues - Economic integration 3. International value distribution of iPhone Retail price of iPhone in 2009 = $500 (64% margin for the Apple) 4. Cost of parts for iPhone3G Manufacturer Components Unit Price Toshiba (Japan) Flash Memory US$24.00 Display Module US$19.25 Touch Screen US$16.00 Samsung (Korea) Application Processor US$14.46 SDRAM-Mobile DDR US$8.50 Infineon (Germany) Baseband US$13.00 Camera Module US$9.55 RF Transceiver US$2.80 GPS Receiver US$2.25 Power IC RF Function US$1.25 Broadcom (US) Bluetooth/FM/WLAN US$5.95 Numonyx (US) Memory MCP US$3.65 Murata (Japan) FEM US$1.35 Dialog Semiconductor (Germany) Power IC Application Processor Function US$1.30 Cirrus Logic (US) Audio Codec US$1.15 Others US$48.00 5. Productdesign Assembly Distribution Marketing Customerservices Materialprocurement R&D Partsprocurement 6. Product design Assembly Distribution Marketing Customer services Material procurement R&D Parts procurement 7. Value- added Production process Product design Assembly Distribution Marketing Customer services Material procurement R&D Parts procurement 8. Value- added Production process Product design Assembly Distribution Marketing Customer services Material procurement R&D Parts procurement 9. Value- added Production process Product design Assembly Distribution Marketing Customer services Material procurement R&D Parts procurement 10. Value- added Production process Product design Assembly Distribution Marketing Customer services Material procurement R&D Parts procurement 11. * Analytical focus is limited to a particular product/firm. Not appropriate for economic analyses at the national level. * Firm-level data does not explicitly present compensation of employees. * The approach only considers the value-added structure of direct input suppliers (the first tier). Weakness of firm-level approach 12. * Analytical focus is limited to a particular product/firm. Not appropriate for economic analyses at the national level. * Firm-level data does not explicitly present compensation of employees. * The approach only considers the value-added structure of direct input suppliers (the first tier). Weakness of firm-level approach International Input-Output Analysis 13. Automobiles (Y10 billion) Rough steel (Y8 million) Electricity (Y400,000) Coal products (Y100,000) Petroleum products (Y40,000) Steel (Y12 million) Wholesale (Y2 million) Roadfreight transport (Y400,000) Sea shipping (Y200,000) Dye (Y3.5 million) Intermediate organic chemical products (Y500,000) Composite plastics (Y200,000) Electricity (Y100,000) Wood pulp (Y100,000) Wholesale (Y100,000) Chemical fiber (Y2.1 million) Financing (Y300,000) Wholesale (Y300,000) Car parts (Y260 million) Cold-finished steel (Y60 million) Steel shar slit (Y20 million) Paint (Y17 million) Composite rubber (Y30 million) Carbon black (Y10 million) Silk and rayon textiles (Y10 million) Raw rubber (imported) (Y10 million) Car chassis (Y650 million) Tires and inner tubes Glass products (Y130 million) Internal-combustion engines (Y1.52 billion) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Initial Impact 1st-round Impacts 2nd-round Impacts 3rd-round Impacts 4th-round Impacts Value propagation (car industry) 14. Automobiles (Y10 billion) Rough steel (Y8 million) Electricity (Y400,000) Coal products (Y100,000) Petroleum products (Y40,000) Steel (Y12 million) Wholesale (Y2 million) Roadfreight transport (Y400,000) Sea shipping (Y200,000) Dye (Y3.5 million) Intermediate organic chemical products (Y500,000) Composite plastics (Y200,000) Electricity (Y100,000) Wood pulp (Y100,000) Wholesale (Y100,000) Chemical fiber (Y2.1 million) Financing (Y300,000) Wholesale (Y300,000) Car parts (Y260 million) Cold-finished steel (Y60 million) Steel shar slit (Y20 million) Paint (Y17 million) Composite rubber (Y30 million) Carbon black (Y10 million) Silk and rayon textiles (Y10 million) Raw rubber (imported) (Y10 million) Car chassis (Y650 million) Tires and inner tubes Glass products (Y130 million) Internal-combustion engines (Y1.52 billion) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Initial Impact 1st-round Impacts 2nd-round Impacts 3rd-round Impacts 4th-round Impacts Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value- added Value propagation (car industry) 15. Bilateral IIOT between China and USA 16. Main IIOT initiatives Database Producing organisation Reference years Number of countries Industry/product classification AIIOT IDE-JETRO 197519851990 199520002005 (1975) 1985-95) (2000-05) EORA University of Sydney 1990-2009:yearly Approx. EXIOPOL Database (CREEA) European Commission 2000 + ROW industries products GTAP-MRIO Purdue University 199019921995 199720012004 2007 industries ICIO OECD 199520002005 20082009 + ROW industries WIOD European Commission 1995-2011yearly + ROW industries products 17. Value- added Production process Product design Assembly Distribution Marketing Customer services Material procurement R&D Parts procurement Smiley Curve 18. Value- added Product design Material procurement R&D How to evaluate countrys relative position Forward length Production process 19. Value- added How to evaluate countrys relative position Forward length Production process Backward length 20. Value- added Production process Assembly Distribution Marketing Customer services Parts procurement DownstreamUpstream How to evaluate countrys relative position Forward length Backward length 21. China 1985 China 2005 Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia Chinese Taipei Philippines Singapore Thailand USA 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 Upstream Downstream Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains Backward APL ForwardAPL Backward Length ForwardLength 22. China 1985 China 2005 Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia Chinese Taipei Philippines Singapore Thailand USA 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 Upstream Downstream Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains Backward APL ForwardAPL Backward Length ForwardLength Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains 23. China 1985 China 2005 Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia Chinese Taipei Philippines Singapore Thailand USA 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 Upstream Downstream Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains Backward APL ForwardAPL Backward Length ForwardLength Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains 24. China 1985 China 2005 Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia Chinese Taipei Philippines Singapore Thailand USA 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 Upstream Downstream Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains Backward APL ForwardAPL Backward Length ForwardLength Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains Upstream Downstream 25. China 1985 China 2005 Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia Chinese Taipei Philippines Singapore Thailand USA 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 Upstream Downstream Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains Backward APL ForwardAPL Backward Length ForwardLength Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains Upstream Downstream 26. China 1985 China 2005 Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia Chinese Taipei Philippines Singapore Thailand USA 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 Upstream Downstream Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains Backward APL ForwardAPL Backward Length ForwardLength Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains Upstream Downstream 27. China 1985 China 2005 Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia Chinese Taipei Philippines Singapore Thailand USA 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 Upstream Downstream Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains Backward APL ForwardAPL Backward Length ForwardLength Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains Upstream Downstream 28. China 1985 China 2005 Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia Chinese Taipei Philippines Singapore Thailand USA 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 Upstream Downstream Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains Backward APL ForwardAPL Backward Length ForwardLength Longer supply chains Shorter supply chains Upstream Downstream 29. 1985 2000 China China Indonesia Indonesia Japan Japan Korea Korea Malaysia Malaysia Taiwan Taiwan Philippines Philippines Singapore SingaporeThailand Thailand USA USA 1985 2005 DownstreamUpstream 30. 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 180,000 200,000 China Japan Korea Traditional measurement Value-added measurement Million US$ 33% The US trade deficits: Traditional vs value-added measurement 31. Trade in Value-added measures international trade as 32. Trade in Value-added measures international trade as a flow of values rather than of products. 33. Trade in Value-added measures international trade as a transfer of employment opportunities. 34. Trade in Value-added measures international trade as a transfer of CO2 emission (carbon footprints). 35. Trade in value-added approach offers a better measurement of bilateral trade in the world of increasing production sharing among countries. can be a core apparatus for linking trade policies to crosscutting economic and/or social issues like job creation, poverty alleviation, and energy and environmental planning. 36. Thank you !!
