Mapa de Rutas Metabolicas
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Transcript of Mapa de Rutas Metabolicas
OXIDOREDUCTASES 1.1.1.1 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.3 Homoserine dehydrogenase 1.1.1.8 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.9 D-Xylulose reductase 1.1.1.10 l-Xylulose reductase 1.1.1.14 l-Iditol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.19 Glucuronate reductase 1.1.1.21 Aldehyde reductase 1.1.1.22 UDPglucose dehydrogenase 1.1.1.23 Histidinol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.25 Shikimate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.27 Lactate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.29 Glycerate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.30 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.31 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.32 Mevaldate reductase 1.1.1.34 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) 1.1.1.35 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.1.1.37 Malate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.39 Malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) 1.1.1.41 Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) 1.1.1.44 Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) 1.1.1.45 l-Gulonate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.49 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.56 Ribitol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.79 Glyoxylate reductase (NADP+) 1.1.1.81 Hydroxypyruvate reductase 1.1.1.82 Malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.1.1.85 3-Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.86 Ketol-acid reductoisomerase 1.1.1.95 Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.100 3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase 1.1.1.102 3-Dehydrosphinganine reductase 1.1.1.105 Retinol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.130 3-Dehydro-L-gulonate 2-dehydrogenase 1.1.1.157 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.1.1.158 UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.169 2-Dehydropantoate 2-reductase 1.1.1.204 Xanthine dehydrogenase 1.1.1.205 IMP-dehydrogenase 1.1.3.8 l-Gulonolactone oxidase 1.1.3.22 Xanthine oxidase 1.1.99.1 Choline dehydrogenase 1.1.99.5 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.2.1.3 Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) 1.2.1.7 Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.2.1.8 Betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.11 Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.12 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.2.1.13 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.2.1.16 Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) 1.2.1.18 Malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) 1.2.1.21 Glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.23 2-Oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) 1.2.1.24 Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.25 2-Oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating) 1.2.1.27 Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) 1.2.1.31 l-Aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.32 Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.36 Retinal dehydrogenase 1.2.1.41 Glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.52 Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase 1.2.3.5 Glyoxylate oxidase 1.2.3.7 Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase 1.2.4.1 Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) 1.2.4.2 Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) 1.2.7.1 Pyruvate synthase 1.2.7.2 2-Oxobutyrate synthase 1.3.1.1 Dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+) 1.3.1.2 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.3.1.8 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.3.1.9 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) 1.3.1.10 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, B-specific) 1.3.1.13 Prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.3.1.14 Orotate reductase (NADH) 1.3.1.26 Dihydrodipicolinate reductase 1.3.1.35 Phosphatidylcholine desaturase 1.3.3.3 Coproporphyrinogen oxidase 1.3.3.4 Protoporphyrinogen oxidase 1.3.5.1 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1.3.99.1 Succinate dehydrogenase 1.3.99.2 Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.3.99.3 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.3.99.7 Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.3.99.10 Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.4.1.1 Alanine dehydrogenase 1.4.1.2 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1.4.1.7 Serine dehydrogenase 1.4.1.8 Valine dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.4.1.9 Leucine dehydrogenase 1.4.1.10 Glycine dehydrogenase 1.4.1.14 Glutamate synthase (NADH) 1.4.1.19 Tryptophan dehydrogenase 1.4.3.1 d-Aspartate oxidase 1.4.3.2 l-Amino-acid oxidase 1.4.3.4 Amine oxidase (flavin-containing) 1.4.3.8 Ethanolamine oxidase 1.4.4.2 Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) 1.5.1.2 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1.5.1.3 Dihydrofolate reductase 1.5.1.5 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADP+) 1.5.1.6 Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1.5.1.7 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, l-lysine-forming) 1.5.1.8 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, l-lysine-forming) 1.5.1.9 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, l-glutamate-forming) 1.5.1.10 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, l-glutamate-forming) 1.5.1.12 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase 1.5.3.1 Sarcosine oxidase 1.5.99.1 Sarcosine dehydrogenase 1.5.99.2 Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase 1.5.99.8 Proline dehydrogenase 1.6.4.1 Cystine reductase (NADH) 1.6.5.3 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1.6.6.1 Nitrate reductase (NADH) 1.6.6.2 Nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H] 1.6.6.3 Nitrate reductase (NADPH) 1.6.6.4 Nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] 1.6.6.8 GMP reductase 1.7.3.3 Urate oxidase 1.7.7.1 Ferredoxinnitrate reductase 1.7.99.4 Nitrate reductase 1.8.1.3 Hypotaurine dehydrogenase 1.8.1.4 Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase 1.8.2.1 Sulfite dehydrogenase 1.8.3.1 Sulfite oxidase 1.8.7.1 Sulfite reductase (ferredoxin) 1.8.99.1 Sulfite reductase 1.8.99.2 Adenylsulphate reductase 1.9.3.1 Cytochrome-c oxidase 1.10.2.1 l-Ascorbatecytochrome-b5 reductase 1.10.2.2 Ubiquinolcytochrome-c reductase 1.10.3.3 l-Ascorbate oxidase 1.10.99.1 Plastoquinolplastocyanin reductase 1.13.11.1 Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase 1.13.11.2 Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase 1.13.11.5 Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase 1.13.11.6 3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase 1.13.11.11 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 1.13.11.20 Cysteine dioxygenase 1.13.11.21 -Carotene 15,15-dioxygenase 1.13.11.27 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase 1.13.11.34 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase 1.13.99.1 myo-lnositol oxygenase 1.14.11.1 g-Butyrobetaine dioxygenase 1.14.11.2 Procollagen-proline dioxygenase 1.14.11.8 Trimethyllysine dioxygenase 1.14.12.1 Anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase (deaminating, decarboxylating) 1.14.13.5 Imidazoleacetate 4-monooxygenase 1.14.13.9 Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase 1.14.13.11 trans-Cinnamate 4-monooxygenase 1.14.13.12 Benzoate 4-monooxygenase 1.14.13.39 Nitric oxide synthase 1.14.16.1 Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase 1.14.16.2 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase 1.14.16.4 Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase 1.14.17.1 Dopamine -monooxygenase 1.14.18.1 Monophenol monooxygenase 1 14.99.1 Prostaglandin synthase 1 14.99.5 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1.14.99.7 Squalene monooxygenase 1.14.99.25 Linoleoyl-CoA desaturase 1.17.4.1 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 1.18.6.1 Nitrogenase TRANSFERASES 2.1.1.1 Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.2 Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.3 Thetinhomocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.1.1.4 Acetylserotonin N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.5 Betainehomocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.1.1.6 Catechol O-methyl transferase 2.1.1.10 Homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.1.1.13 5-Methyltetrahydrofolatehomocysteine S-methyl transferase 2.1.1.14 5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.1.1.17 Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.20 Glycine N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.28 Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.45 Thymidylate synthase 2.1.1.71 Phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 2.1.2.1 Glycine hydroxymethyltransferase 2.1.2.2 Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2.1.2.3 Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxamide formyltransferase 2.1.2.5 Glutamate formiminotransferase 2.1.2.10 Aminomethyl transferase 2.1.3.1 Methylmalonyl-CoA carboxyltransferase 2.1.3.2 Aspartate carbamoyltransferase 2.1.3.3 Ornithine carbamoyltransferase 2.1.4.1 Glycine amidinotransferase 2.2.1.1 Transketolase 2.2.1.2 Transaldolase 2.3.1.1 Amino-acid N-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.4 Glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.5 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.6 Choline O-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.7 Carnitine O-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.8 Phosphate acetyltransferase 2.3.1.9 Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.12 Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.15 Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2.3.1.16 Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase 2.3.1.20 Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2.3.1.23 Lysolecithin acyltransferase 2.3.1.24 Sphingosine N-acyltransferase 2.3.1.30 Serine O-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.37 5-Aminolevulinate synthase 2.3.1.38 [Acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.39 [Acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonytransferase 2.3.1.41 3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 2.3.1.46 Homoserine O-succinyltransferase 2.3.1.50 Serine C-palmitoyltransferase 2.3.1.51 1-Acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2.3.1.76 Retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase 2.4.1.1 Phosphorylase 2.4.1.9 Inulosucrase 2 4.1.11 Glycogen (starch) synthase 2.4.1.13 Sucrose synthase 2.4.1.16 Chitin synthase 2.4.1.17 Glucuranosyltransferase 2.4.1.21 Starch synthase 2.4.1.22 Lactose synthase 2.4.1.23 Sphingosine -galactosyltransferase 2.4.1.29 Cellulose synthase (GDP-forming) 2.4.1.32 Glucomannan 4--mannosyltransferase 2.4.1.33 Alginate synthase 2.4.1.47 Acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase 2.4.1.62 Ganglioside galactosyltransferase 2.4.1.68 Glycoprotein 6-a-l-fucosyltransferase 2.4.1.69 Galactoside 2-a-l-fucosyltransferase 2.4.2.1 Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase 2.4.2.2 Pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase 2.4.2.4 Thymidine phosphorylase 2.4.2.8 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.9 Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.10 Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.11 Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.14 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.15 Guanosine phosphorylase 2.4.2.17 ATP phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.18 Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.19 Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase (carboxylating) 2.4.99.1-11 Sialyltransferases 2.4.99.7 Sialyltransferase 2.5.1.1 Dimethylallyltranstransferase 2.5.1.6 Methionine adenosyltransferase 2.5.1.10 Geranyltranstransferase 2.5.1.16 Spermidine synthase 2.5.1.19 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase 2.5.1.21 Farnesyltransferase 2.5.1.22 Spermine synthase 2.5.1.29 Farnesyltranstransferase 2.5.1.32 Geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyl transferase 2.6.1.Transaminases 2.6.1.1 Aspartate transaminase 2.6 1.2 Alanine transaminase 2.6.1.4 Glycine transaminase 2.6 1.5 Tyrosine transaminase 2.6 1.6 Leucine transaminase 2.6.1.9 Histidinol-phosphate transaminase 2.6.1.13 Ornithineoxo-acid transaminase 2.6.1.16 Glutaminefructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2.6.1.17 Succinyldiaminopimelate transaminase 2.6.1.18 -Alaninepyruvate transaminase 2.6.1.19 4-Aminobutyrate transaminase 2.6.1.22 l-3-Aminoisobutyrate transaminase 2.6.1.23 4-Hydroxyglutamate transaminase 2.6.1.27 Tryptophan transaminase 2.6.1.32 Valine3-methyl-2-oxovalerate transaminase 2.6.1.36 l-Lysine 6-transaminase 2.6.1.39 2-Aminoadipate transaminase 2.6.1.42 Branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase 2.6.1.44 Alanine-glyoxylate transaminase 2.6.1.51 Serinepyruvate transaminase 2.6.1.52 Phosphoserine transaminase 2.6.1.66 Valinepyruvate transaminase 2.7.1.1 Hexokinase 2.7.1.2 Glucokinase 2.7.1.3 Ketohexokinase 2.7.1.4 Fructokinase 2.7.1.6 Galactokinase 2.7.1.7 Mannokinase 2.7.1.11 6-Phosphofructokinase
P O L Y S A C C H A R I D E S
GLYCOPROTEINS GANGLIOSIDES MUCINSAcNH CHOH CHOH
HYALURONIC ACID PEPTIDOCHITIN GLYCAN CH OH2
DERMATAN
CHONDROITINO COO -
BLOOD GROUP ALGINATES O-ANTIGENS STARCH SUBSTANCES PECTIN INULIN CELLULOSE2.4.1.68 2.4.1.69 1.1.1.132O CH3 HO HO OPPG OH HO CH3 O OPPT OH OH CH3
GLYCOGENHO CH2OH O O OH OH OH OH OH CH2OH O NH
CONH 2 CH2COO OH
COO O O O O
N
+
Ribose -O - P - O - P - O- Adenosine(P)+
N
+
O O
O+ N
COO
Ribose - O - P - O - P - O -AdenosineO
NICOTINATE2.4.2 .11N
COO
COO+ COO N RP
O
O
Indoleacetate(Auxin)1.2.3.7CH2CHO
IndoxylHO NH
NH
NAD(P)NH
6.3.5.1 6.3.1.5HO NH CH 2CH2NH 2
Desamino-NADHO
2.7.7.18
COO OPC
CH2OHHO
2.4.99.7
6.3.2.7-10 6.3.2.13 HO OCH3CH COO-
NicotinatenucleotideCH3O NH
Ribose- P
2.4.2.19CH 2CH2NHCOCH 3
QuinolinatenucleotideN
OPPU NHAC
2.4.1.17
HO
OH
OPPU OH
2.4.1.29 2.4.1.21 2.4.1.1 2.4.1.11 HO etc. 2.4.1.21
UDP-N-Ac-MuramateCH2OH O COO HO
UDPIduronate5.1.3.12COO HO OH O
CMP-N-Acetyl neuraminateAcNH O CHOH CHOH CH2OH COO OH 2.7.7.43
GDP-Fucose4.2.1.47CH2OH O
GDPMannuronate
TDP-RhamnoseO OPPT OH
CH2OH O OH
LACTOSE
+ CH2CH(NH3)COO
2.4.2.19
CH2CH2NHCOCH 3
COO COO
5.1.3.13 O 2.4.1.33CH2OH O HO OH HO OH
OH OH
3.2.1.23 2.7.1.38
Indoleacetaldehyde4.1.1.43CH 2COCOO NH
NH
Indole1.14.16.4
5-Hydroxytryptophan+ CO CH2CH(NH 3)COO CHO
4.1.1.28
5-Hydroxytryptamine 2.3.1.5 N-Acetyl-serotonin(SEROTONIN)+ COCH2CH(NH 3)COO OH NH2 COO OH NH2
NH
2.1.1.4
N-Acetyl-5-O-methyl-serotonin(MELATONIN)COO OCH NH2 COO
Quinolinate
OH
2.4.1.16OH OPPU NHCOCH 3
HO OH HO OPPG
3.1.3.29
1.1.1.158
CH2OH O
HO
N-Ac-NeuraminateCH2OP O
(Sialate)
HO O CH2 C COO
OPPU NHAC
UDP-N-AcGalactosamineCOO O
OPPU OH
GDP-MannoseCH2OH O
TDP-4-Oxo6-deoxyglucose4.2.1.46
ADPGlucose
CH2OH O OH HO OH HO
GALACTOSEOPPU
+ CO CH2CH(NH 3)COO NH2
2.7.1.6
HO
CH2OH O OH OP OH
4.1.99.1
Indolepyruvate2.4.1.2219 1. 4. 1.CH2CH 2NH2
Formylkynurenine1.13.11.11+ CH2CH(NH 3)COO NH
NH
3.5.1.9
Kynurenine 1.14.13.9 3-Hydroxy kynurenineC-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH 2OP CH
3.7.1.3
UDPGalacturonateOPPU
2.7.7.13
MANNOSE2.7.1.7CH 2OP O
GDP-Glucose1.1.1.2 2
UDP-N-AcGlucosamine pyruvate N-Ac-Mannosamine-6-P3.1.3.29 ACNH 4.1.3.20 HO OH OHCH2OH O CH2OH O
HO OH HO O P
2.7.7.27 2.7.7.34
UDP-Glucose Galactose-P2.7.7.9CH 2OH O HO OH HO HO 5.1.3.2 2.7.7.10 2.7.7.12 OH
5.1.3.7HO OH OH
5.1.3.6
Mannose-1-P5.4.2.8
TDP-Glucose2.7.7.24
CH 2OH O OPPU OH
TryptamineOC P OCH 2 CH2 COO
NH
4.1.1.28
TRYPTOPHANHO COO OH OH
4.2.1.20
N
Indole-3-glycerol-PCOO HO OH
H
1-(o-Carboxy phenylamino) 1-deoxyribulose-5-PCOO
COO HOC-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH 2OP CH N
4.1.1.45 3-Hydroxy 1.13.11.6 2-Amino-3-carboxy 2-Aminomuconateanthranilate muconate semialdehyde 6-semialdehyde COO H H CatecholNH C C CH CH2OP OH OH COO NH2
OCH NH2 COO
A R O M A T I C A M I N O A C I D S
1.2.1.32 1.14.12.1OOC OOC CH 2COCOO NH 2
H
4.1.1.48
N-(5-P-Ribosyl) anthranilateCOO CH2
O
2.4.2.18
Anthranilate4.1.3.27 5.4.99.5OOC
UDP-GlucuronateCH2OH O CH2OP O OP NHCOCH 3 5.4.2.3 HO OH OH
COO OH OH
COO
2-Amino muconate
4.1.3.20OPPU
HO OH HO OH
H E X O S E S
ACNH HO OH OH
2.7.1.60HO OH NHAC HO OH
Mannose-6-P2.4.1.9
2.4.1.13
CH 2OP O HO OH OH NH2
OP
UDP-GalactoseCH2OH O
HOCH HCOH C
CH2
N-Ac-Mannosamine
5.1.3.14
UDP-N-Ac-GlucosamineCOO O
2.7.7.23OH
N-Ac-Glucosamine-1-POH OH OH OH OP HO OHOH
N-Ac-Glucosamine-6-PH H C OH C CO CH2OH
NHCOCH 3
Glucose-1-P
3-Deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate-7-PO -OOC O CH2COO
H
OH
4.6.1.3O
O
Dehydroquinate
4.2.1.10
O
DehydroshikimateCH2COO
1.1.1.25
Shikimate
OH
P O
2.7.1.71
OH
CH2COCOO
Shikimate-3-P PEP
OH
OH
P O
2.5.1.19
Shikimate-5 4.6.1.4 enolpyruvate 3-P+
OH
O-C-COO
Chorismate+
OH
OC-COO
PrephenateCH2COCOO
OH
CH2CH(NH3) COO
CH2CH(NH3) COO
2.3.15.3.1.8
.4
OH H HOCH 2 C H C
OH OH C C H
HOCH 2 C
Glucosamine-6-P3.2.1.26 3.2.1.48
HO OHOH
OH
COO -
OH OH H
HO OH
OH OH
HO OH
GulonateOH H C H C
OH H
1.1.1.19OH OH C H O C H CO
GlucuronateOH H C H C HOCH 2
1.13.99.1OH C H O CO CO
InositolHOCH 2 C H
3.1.3.25OH H C
Inositol-PC CO
OH
Fructose1.1.1.14H H C OH H C C CH2OH OH
SUCROSE5.5.1.4
GLUCOSE5.4.2.2 3.1.3.9 2.7.1.2 2.7.1.1
Fumaryl 5.2.1.2 Maleyl 1.13.11.5 Homogentisate acetoacetate acetoacetateCHOHCH 2NHCH 3 OH CHOHCH 2NH2 OH
COO
O CH2COO
4.2.1.51 1.3.1.13
2.7.1.15 2.7.1.16 2.7.1.17 2.7.1.19 2.7.1.24 2.7.1.25 2.7.1.28 2.7.1.30 2.7.1.31 2.7.1.32 2.7.1.33 2.7.1.34 2.7.1.36 2.7.1.39 2.7.1.40 2.7 1.47 2.7.1.53 2.7.1.60 2.7.1.71 2.7.1.80 2.7.1.82 2.7.1.107 2.7.2.3 2.7.2.4 2.7.2.6 2.7.2.11 2.7.3.2 2.7.4.2 2.7.4.3 2.7.4.4 2.7.4.6 2.7.4.8 2.7.4.9 2.7.4.14 2.7.6.1 2.7.7.3 2.7.7.4 2.7.7.6 2.7.7.7 2.7.7.9 2.7.7.10 2.7.7.12 2.7.7.13 2.7.7.14 2.7.7.15 2.7.7.18 2.7.7.23 2.7.7.24 2.7.7.27 2.7.7.34 2.7.7.41 2.7.7.43 2.7.8.1 2.7.8.2 2.7.8.3 2.7.8.5 2.7.8.8 2.7.8.11 2.8.3.5 2.8.3.6
OH
1.13.11.27
Hydroxyphenyl pyruvate 1.3.1.13OH
OH
2.6.1.5+
OH
TYROSINE
1.14.16.1
PHENYLALANINE1.3.1.134.1 .1.2 5CH2CH2NH2
2.6.1.5 4.3.1 .5
Phenylpyruvate
CH2CH2NH2
CH2CH(NH3) COOOH
CH=CHCOO
3.1.1.18 HOCH 2
OH OH C OHOCH 2 C CH2OP O
1 1.1.1.2
ATP
Epinephrine(Adrenaline)
OH
2.1.1.28
Norepinephrine(Noradrenaline)6 .1. 2.1
OH
1.14.17.1
Dopamine -Tocopherol(Vitamin E)
OH
4.1.1.28 1.14.18.1O
DopaH2 C CH-COO + NH3
OH
1.14.16.2
UbiquinoneO O
+ CH2CH(NH3) COO
Gulonolactone 1.1.3.8 2-Oxogulonolactone1.1.1.45OH H C OH OH HOCH 2 C H CO C COOH OH H C OH H HOCH 2 C CO CO COO -
ASCORBATEOH H HOCH2 C H C CO O
1.10.2.1 1.10.3.3CO
OH OH H
2.6.1.16O
Tyramine
OH
Cinnamate Menaquinone1.14.13.11CH=CHCOO
Sorbitol2.7.1.3H POCH2 C H C OH H C C COO -
2.7
CO
.1. 4
HO OH OH
ADP
CHOHCH 2NH2 OCH 3 OH
HN
1.1.1.49
P E N T O S E S
3-DehydrogulonateOH H HOCH 2 C H C OH C CHO
1.1.1.130H
2, 3-DioxogulonateH C OH C CHO H HOCH 2 C H C
DehydroascorbateCO CH 2OH H H C
7 .1.1 3.1
P-Glucono lactone
Glucose-6-P5.3.1.9
CH2 OP O OH OH
I O
I
CH(OH)COO OCH 3
HO OH
Normetepinephrine(Normetadrenaline)
CHOHCH 2OH OCH 3 OH
Coumarate
NADP +5.3.1.8
OH
HOCH 2
C
OH H
L-XyloseOH H HOCH 2 C H C H C OH OH
4.1.1.34CH2OH
D-Arabinose 5.3.1.3 D-RibuloseOH H HOCH 2 C H C OH CO CH 2OH POCH2 OH H C H C OH CO
OH OH H
OH OH
OH C CO
2.7.1.47
HOCH 2 C
CH2OP
OH OH H OH 6-P-Gluconate NADPH
4-OH-3-MethoxyD-mandelateCH2OP O NHCOCH 2NH2 H 2C OC NH CHO NH RP
4 .3. 1.4
Dopaquinone Plastoquinone
O
O ONH
OH
IOH
I
4-OH-3-MethoxyphenylglycolNH H 2C HN C CHO NH RP
1.14.18.1
MELANIN
THYROXINEOOC-CH-CH 2COO HNCO C N
LIGNIN
TanninsO C
Plant Pigments
NADP +
CH2OH HOCH 2
Fructose-1-PH H H
OH OH H
1.1.1.44 5.1.3.1H H C CO CH2OH H POCH 2 C H
H
H C
HO C CO CH2OH
2.2.1.1
POCH2 C
L-ArabitolHOCH 2 C H C H
L-XyluloseH CHO HOCH 2 C OH H C C OH
2.7.1.53CH 2OH
NADPH
L-Xylulose-5-PH HOCH 2 C OH H C C OH OH H OH OH
C
C
C
CH2OH POCH2
Fructose-6-P ATPC CHO
OH OH H
OH OH H C OH
OH OH OH
CHO
RibitolH H C
C
Glycinamideribosyl-P6.3.4.13
OH OH
HC H 2N C
N CH N
OOC
N C C CH N RP
2.1.2.2
Formyl Formyl glycinamide-R P glycinamidine-R PH2NCONH 2
6.3.5.3
6.3.3.1
5-Amino imidazole-R POC C N H NH H NH CO HN OC
RP
4.1.1.21 5-Amino-4-imidazole 6.3.2.6
H2 N
H 2N
C
CH
H 2N
C
N CH RP O C C NH C
N
carboxylate-R PHN O C N
5-Amino-4-imidazole (N-succinylcarboxamide)-R PHN HC O C N N C C CH NH
RP
4.3.2.2
5-Aminoimidazole carboxamide-R P2.1.2.3
H 2N
C N
OH OH
L-ArabinoseOH H HOCH 2 C H C H C OH OH
5.3
1.1.1.10.1. 4HOCH 2
OH H OH OH C H C H
Xylitol
2.7.1.47
D-XylosePOCH2 C H H C H OH CO CH OH 2
H C CHO
D-Ribulose-5-P5.1.3.1H POCH 2 C OH C CO CH 2OH
3.1.3.11
2.7.1.11
HOCH 2 C
Erythrose-4-PPOCH 2
OH OH
ADPHO C CO CH2OP CH2OP O
Urea
H 2NOC
COO C N H H
NH2 CONH
H2 NOC
O
H2 N HCO
N CH N RP
C A T E C H O L A M I N E S
Ribokinase Ribulokinase Xylulokinase Phosphoribulokinase Dephospho-CoA kinase Adenylylsulfate kinase Triokinase Glycerol kinase Glycerate kinase Choline kinase Pantothenate kinase Pantetheine kinase Mevalonate kinase Homoserine kinase Pyruvate kinase D-Ribulokinase l-Xylulokinase N-Acylmannosamine kinase Shikimate kinase Pyrophosphateserine phosphotransferase Ethanolamine kinase Diacylglycerol kinase Phosphoglycerate kinase Aspartate kinase Formate kinase Glutamate 5-kinase Creatine kinase Phosphomevalonate kinase Adenylate kinase Nucleoside-phosphate kinase Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase Guanylate kinase dtmp kinase Cytidylate kinase Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase Pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase Sulfate adenylyl transferase RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) UTPglucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase UTPhexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase UDP glucosehexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase Ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase Glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase N-Acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase Ethanolamine phosphotransferase Diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase Ceramide cholinephosphotransferase CDPdiacylglycerolglycerol-3phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase CDPdiacylglycerolserine O-phosphatidyltransferase CDPdiacylglycerolinositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase 3-Oxoacid CoA-transferase 3-Oxoadipate CoA-transferase
C N H
NH C C CO NH
H C
H C
3.5.3.4
CHO
CO CH2OH
L-Lyxose
L-Ribulose1.1.1
2.7.1.16
D-Ribose5.1.3.4
OH OH OH
L-Ribulose-5-PHOCH 2 C C CO CH2OH OH H
5.3.1.6
OH OH H
4.1.2.-
.9
D-Xylulose
2.7.1.17
D-Xylulose-5-P2.7 .1. 15
OH H
2.2.1.2
Fructose1:6-bis-P
NH2
4 .1. 2.6 .10 1 20 .4. 1 1. 1.
GLYCINEO
CH2(NH3)COO
+
AllantoateNNH2
3.5.2.5
AllantoinO O O
1.7.3.3N NH2
URATEN CH N
1.1.1.204 1.1.3.22 Hypoxanthine 1.1.3.22 Xanthine
C CH C OC NH NH
3.2.2.2
Inosine2.4.2.1
3.1.3
.5
Formylamidoimidazolecarboxamide-R P3.5.4.10HN HC O C N N C C CH N RP
NCH
O P O O
HC
H POCH 2 C
H C
H C CHO POCH2
H C
H C
H OH C C CO CH2OP
P-Ribosyl amine4.1.2.13
OH OH
Glyoxylate
Sarcosine
2. OOCCH 2NHCH3
N CH2 O
N
N -O P~O P~O P O CH 2 O O O O
HC
NH2 N C N C CH C HC N RP(P) N
OOC-CH-CH 2COO
Fumarate(AMP)
OH
1.5.99.2OOCCH 2N(CH3)2
1.4.4.2
Cyclic AMP
4.6.1.1
ATPd-ADP2.7.4.6
2.7.4.6
OH OH
ADP
2.7.4.3 2.7.4.4
ADENOSINE-P Adenine
4.3.2.2
NH N C C N CH C HC NH RP N
Aspartate6.3.4.4 3.1.4.6 2.4.2.1
INOSINE-P(IMP)HN O C N N C C CH N RP
1.17.4.1
Adenylosuccinate3.5.4 .3
1.1.1.205 OC
P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S
Chlorophyll Pheophytin
PHOTOSYSTEM II
2H
+
Chloroplast Stroma PHOTOSYSTEM I
D-Ribose-5-PADP+Pi3.6.1.34
OH OH OH
Dimethylglycine2.1.1.5OOCCH2N(CH3)3+
Sedoheptulose-PP2.2.1.1POCH 2CHOHCHO
OH OH OH H
2.7.7
.7
DNA RNAO C
2.7.7.72.7.7.7
d-GTP d-CTP GTP TTP 2.7.2.7 .7. 6
2.4.2.15
d-GDP2.7.4.6
XANTHOSINE-P(XMP)2.4.2 .16.3.4.1 6.3.5.2HN H2 N C O C N N C C CH N RP
H
P U R I N E S
Ferredoxin2e*
ATP
4.1.2.13
Betaine1.2.1.8+
d-ATP2.1.2.1
2e*
3H+
PQ
Cyt.
b
3.6.1.3
2e* 2H+
Mn
e-
PQH2Thylakoid Membrane2H+
Dihydroxyacetone-P(Glycerone-P)
HOCH2CO CH2OP
2.2.1.1
.1 5.3.15.3.1
3-P-Glyceraldehyde.1
Pi
Pi NAD+1.2.1.12
2.4.2.14 6.3.4.7
OHCCH 2N(CH3)3
Betaine aldehyde1.1.99.1
FOLIC ACID C1 POOL4.1.2.5
ATP0 4.2.1.2
2.7.7.6
2.7 .72.7.7.6
1.1 7
.7
.4.1
Guanine GDP
2.7.4.8
2.7
.7.6O C
4.6
1.17.4
.1O C
GUANOSINE-P(GMP)NH2 C CH CH OC N DPN
fPC
P680
2H2O
3H 2H+ Tr P700 ns H ans located proto H H H+ ++
PC
+ NADP
2.7.1.28 1.2.1.13
+ HOCH2CH2N (CH3) 3
CH3 H2NCH 2 CHCOO
CH3 H2NCONHCH 2CHCOO
HN OC
+
H+ +
+
O2
Thylakoid LumenThylakoid Membrane
H
+
H + H + H H+
H
+
NADPH+H +H H C CO CH 2OP
GlyceraldehydeCH2OP O
HOCH 2CH(OH)CHO
CHOLINE2.6.1.51 1.4.1.7
NADH
HOCH2CH(NH3)COO
+
SERINE3.1.3.3
4.2.1.22 4.1.1.11
3-Aminoisobutyrate
3.5.1.62.
1.
-Ureido isobutyrate1. 13
3.5.2.2
Dihydro thymine3.5.2.2
CH-CH3 CH 2 NH
HN OC
C CH3 CH NH O C
TDP2.4.2.4O C
O
2.7
.4.9
HN OC
1.3.1.2
ThymineHN OC
C-CH3 CH 2.1.1.45 N DP
C
THYMIDINE-P2.4.2 .43.5.4.1O C
CH HN CH OC N DP 3.5.4.12
d-UMP
d-CMP
2.7.4.14
d-CDP
HNH2NCONHCH 2CH 2COO
Mg
++
POCH 2 C
2.7.6.1OH OH
Chloroplast Stroma
Ribulose-1:5-bis-P Fixation CO24.1.1.39COO HO HO COO
OH OH
OP O P
1:3-bis-P-GlycerateADP2.7.2.3
POCH 2CHOHCOOP
H2NCH 2CH2COO
HOCH2COCOO
-Alanine
3.5.1.6
P-Ribosyl-PP
Hydroxypyruvate
+ P OCH2CH(NH3)COO
-OOC NH2 CH2 OC CH-COO N
Carbamoyl -alanineHN OC O C
DihydrouracilHN OC O C
CH2 CH2 OC NH
1.3.1.2
UracilO C N
N H
CH CH
CH2
O2COO
ATPOH COO HO O OH
1.1.1.29
Phosphoserine2.6.1.52
Carbamoyl aspartate2.6.1.22H H C H C H C
H
3.5.2.3
URIDINEDihydro Orotate Orotidine-P Uridine-P UDP 4.1.1.23 (UMP) 2.7.4.4 2.4.2.10 2.7.4.6 triphosphate orotate 1.3.1.14(UTP)H P OCH 2 C H C H C H C NH2 N OC C NH CH C HC N N H P OCH 2 C H C CO CH2 N NH C CH C HC N N RP CONH 2
CH-COO NH
CH C-COO NH
HN OC
CHC-COO RP
CH HN OC N CH RP
2.4.2.9
HN OC
CH CH N RPPP
O C
CytosineN OC
NH 2 C CH N CH OC NH
1.17.4.1NH 2
CDP
C
N
CH 2.7.4.6 CH
6.3.4.2
RPPP
CYTIDINEtriphosphate(CTP)H H C C C H CH N
P Y R I M I D I N E S
Linoleate1.3.1.35
1.14.99.25COO COSCoA
-Linolenate
Arachidonate 1.13.11.341.1CO-S-ACP
5.3
L I P I D B I O S Y N T H E S I S
4.9
9.1
.99
O
Leukotriene B4COO
.3HO OH
3-P-Glycerate2.7.1.31
POCH2CHOH COO
1.1.1.95
P-Hydroxypyruvate2.4.2.17HC N
P OCH2COCOO
P OCH2 C
P-Ribosyl-ATPC CH 2CHCOO NH C H
OH OH O
3.6.1.31
NH2 N + C C N CH C HC N N RP(PP)
HYDROLASES 3.1.1.3 Triacylglycerol lipase 3.1.1.4 Phospholipase A2 3.1.1.5 Lysophospholipase 3.1.1.7 Acetylcholinesterase 3.1.1.17 Gluconolactonase 3.1.1.21 Retinyl-palmitate esterase 3.1.1.28 Acylcarnitine hydrolase 3.1.1.31 6-Phosphogluconolactonase 3.1.1.32 Phospholipase A1 3.1.2.1 Acetyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.3 Succinyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.4 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.11 Acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.20 Acyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.3.2 Acid phosphatase 3.1.3.3 Phosphoserine phosphatase 3.1.3.4 Phosphatidate phosphatase 3.1.3.5 5-Nucleotidase 3.1.3.9 Glucose-6-phosphatase 3.1.3.11 Fructose-bisphosphatase 3.1.3.15 Histidinol-phosphatase 3.1.3.25 myo-Inositol-1(or 4)-monophosphatase 3.1.3.27 Phosphatidylglycerophosphatase 3.1.3.29 N-Acylneuraminate-9-phosphatase 3.1.3.31 Nucleotidase 3.1.4.2 Glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase 3.1.4.3 Phospholipase C 3.1.4.4 Phospholipase D 3.1.4.10 1-Phosphatidylinositol phosphodieterase 3.1.4.12 Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3.2.1.21 -Glucosidase 3.2.1.23 -Galactosidase 3.2.1.26 -Fructofuranosidase 3.2.1.45 Glucosylceramidase 3.2.1.46 Galactosylceramidase 3.2.1.48 Sucrose a-glucosidase 3.2.2.2 Inosine nucleosidase 3.3.1.1 Adenosylhomocysteinase 3.5.1.1 Asparaginase 3.5.1.2 Glutaminase 3.5.1.6 -Ureidopropionase 3.5.1.9 Arylformamidase 3.5.1.18 Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase 3.5.1.22 Pantothenase 3.5.1.23 Ceramidase 3.5.2.2 Dihydropyrimidinase 3.5.2.3 Dihydroorotase 3.5.2.5 Allantoinase 3.5.2.7 Imidazolonepropionase 3.5.2.10 Creatininase 3.5.3.1 Arginase 3.5.3.4 Allantoicase 3.5.3.6 Arginine deiminase 3.5.4.1 Cytosine deaminase 3.5.4.3 Guanine deaminase 3.5.4.6 AMP deaminase 3.5.4.10 IMP cyclohydrolase 3.5.4.12 dCMP deaminase 3.5.4.19 Phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase 3.6.1.3 Adenosinetriphosphatase 3.6.1.15 Nucleoside-triphosphatase 3.6.1.31 Phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphatase 3.6.1.34 H+-transporting ATP synthase 3.7.1.2 Fumarylacetoacetase 3.7.1.3 Kynureninase 3.9.1.1 Phosphoamidase LYSASES 4.1.1.1 4.1.1.3 4.1.1.4 4.1.1.9 4.1.1.11 4.1.1.12 4.1.1.15 4.1.1.17 4.1.1.20 4 1.1.21 4.1.1.22 4.1.1.23 4.1.1.25 4.1.1.28 4.1.1.29 4.1.1.32 4.1.1.33 4.1.1.34 4.1.1.36 4.1.1.37 4.1.1.39 4.1.1.41 4.1.1.43 4.1.1.45 4.1.1.48 4.1.1.49 4.1.1.50 4.1.1.65 4.1.1.71 4.1.2.5 4.1.2.12 4.1.2.13 4.1.2.14 4.1.3.1 4.1.3.2 4.1.3.4 4.1.3.5 4.1.3.7 4.1.3.8 4.1.3.16 4.1.3.18 4.1.3.20 4.1.3.21 4.1.3.22 4.1.3.27 4.1.99.1 4.2.1.2 4.2.1.3 4.2.1.4 4.2.1.9 4.2.1.10 4.2.1.11 4.2.1.13 4.2.1.16 4.2.1.17 4.2.1.18 4.2.1.19 4.2.1.20 4.2.1.22 4.2.1.24 4.2.1.33 4.2 1.46 4.2.1.47 4.2.1.49 4.2.1.51 4.2.1.52 4.2.1.55 4.2.1.58 4.2.1.59 4.2.1.60 4.2.1.61 4.2.1.75 4.2.1.80 4.2.99.2 4.2.99.8 4.2.99.9 4.3.1.1 4.3.1.2 4.3.1.3 4.3.1.5 4.3.2.1 4.3.2.2 4.4.1.1 4.4.1.8 4.4.1.15 4.6.1.1 4.6.1.3 4.6.1.4 4.99.1.1
P-Ribosyl-AMPC NH CH + CH2CH(NH 3)COO
3.5.4.19
OH OH O
OH OH
P OCH 2 C
1.14.99.5
Oleoyl-CoA Stearoyl-CoACH3(CH2)14COS-ACP COSCoA
Palmitoleoyl-ACP Dehydrostearoyl-CoA Palmitoyl-CoA1.3.1.9 2, 1.3.1.10CH3(CH2)n CH=CHCOS-CoA CH 3(CH2)14COSCoA CH3(CH2)14CH=CHCOS-CoA
Prostaglandin PGE 2CH3(CH2)14CH(OH)CH 2COS-CoA COS
5.3.99.5
Thromboxane B2CH3(CH2)14COCH 2COS-CoA
OH-Stearoyl-CoA
Oxostearoyl-CoAMitochondrial
2, 3-Diphosphoglycerate
POCH2CH(O P) COO
5.4.2.1
HOCH2CH(OH) COO
Glycerate
Carnosine4.1.1.22
NHCOCH 2CH2NH2
HC N
HC N
C NH CH
P-Ribulosylformimino P-Ribosylformimino 5-aminoimidazole- 5.3.1.16 5-aminoimidazolecarboxamide-R P carboxamide-R P + ++ CH2CH(NH 3)CHO HC N C CH 2CH(NH 3)CH2OH HC N C
RP
OH OH HN
Imidazole glycerol-PHC N C H C NH CH2COCH 2OP
CH2CH(NH 3)CH2OP
CH3(CH2)14COCH 2COS-CoA
Endoplasmic Reticulum
ACETATE
CH 3COO
HISTIDINE4.3.1.3
1.1.1.23
HistidinalOOC HN
1.1.1.23
HistidinolOC N
NH CH
3.1.3.15
Histidinol-P
NH CH
4.2.1.19
2.6.1.9CH N C
Palmitoyl-ACP ACYL-ACPCH3(CH2)6CH2CH 2COSACP
Chain elongation4.2.1.60 4.2.1.61CH 3(CH2)n CH(OH)CH 2COSACP
3-Enoyl-ACP
3-OH-Acyl-ACP
1.1.1.100
3-Oxoacyl-ACP
CH 3(CH2)n COCH 2COSACP
2-P-Glycerate4.2.1.11
HOCH2CH(O P)COO
Imidazole acetol-PCH CHCOO
HC
C C H NH
CH2CH2NH2
1.2.1.4
N
CHCH 2CH2COO NH CH
CHCH 2CH2COO NH CH
HISTAMINE
2.3.1.41
Decanoyl-ACP Hexanoyl-ACP Butanoyl-ACP
1.3.1
3, 4-Decenoyl-ACP.9
CH3(CH2)5CH=CHCH 2COSACP CH3(CH2)6CH=CHCOSACP
ETHANOL1.1.1.1
CH3CH 2OH
4.2.1.6 CH (CH ) CH(OH)CH COSACP 3 2 6 2 0 1.1.1.1004 0 .2.1.6
2.1.3.2
2.3
Formimino glutamate
3.5.2.7
Imidazolone propionate
4.2.1.49
NH CH
4.3.1.3
Urocanate 2SO 4
3-OH-Decanoyl-ACPCH3(CH2)2CH(OH)CH 2COSACP
3-Oxo-Decanoyl-ACP2.3.1.41
CH 3(CH2)6COCH 2COSACP
.1.3
0
+ CH2CO-OCH2CH(NH 3)COO
2, 3-Decenoyl-ACP 2, 3-Hexenoyl-ACP Crotonoyl-ACP3.1.2.20CH3CH=CHCO-S-ACP CH3(CH2)2CH=CHCO-S-ACP
Acetylserine+ S-CH 2CH(NH 3)COO + S-CH 2CH(NH 3)COO
HS
CH 3(CH2)2CH 2CH2COSACP
1.3.1.9
4.2.1.59
CH3CH=CHCO.S-ACP
3-OH-Hexanoyl-ACP 3-OH-Butanoyl-ACPCH2OH HOCH CH2 OHHOCH CH2O P
1.1.1.100
3-Oxo-Hexanoyl-ACP Acetoacetyl-ACPCH3COCH 2COSACP
CH3(CH2)2COCH 2COSACP
P-enolpyruvateADP Malonyl-ACP2.3.1.392 .1. 3.7HOOCCH 2CO-S-ACP
CH2=C(OP ) COO
1.8.99.1
HSO3
1.8.99.2
Acetaldehyde HS4.1 1 .1.
CH3CHO
Phosphoadenylylsulphate(PAPS)4.2.1.22 4.4.1.8
2.7.1.25
Adenylylsulphate(APS)
2.7.7.4
1.2.1.32
4.2
.99 + .8 HSCH 2CH(NH 3)COO
2.3.1.41
CYSTINE4.4.1.15
1.6.4.1
CYSTEINE
4.4.1.1
+ CH2CH(NH 3)COO + SCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO
4.2.99.9
Cystathionine
+ HSCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO
Homocysteine3.3.1.1
2.1.1.13 2.1.1.14
+ CH 3 - SCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO
METHIONINE+ CH 3 - SCH 2CH 2CH(NH 3)COO +
CH3CH2CH2COSACP
1.3.1.9
4.2.1.58
CH3CH(OH)CH 2COS-ACP
1.1.1.100 1.1.1.8
1.13.11.20+ HO 2SCH 2CH(NH 3 )COO
Adenosyl
R-CH2COO
CH2OH
CH3(CH2)n+2COS-CoA
6.2.1.3
FATTY ACID
2.3.1.41
ATP
2.7.1.404.4.1.15HSO3
Cysteine
+ HO3SCH 2CH(NH 3)COO
Glutamate4.1 .1. 2
Cysteate9
S-Adenosyl homocysteineCH2SH + OOCCH(NH 3)CH2CH2CONHCHCOO
+ SCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO
Adenosyl
2.5.1.6
2.1.1.10
ACYL-CoA(Cytosol)2.3.1.7
Glycerol2.3.1.153.1.1.3CH2O-CO-R CH2O-CO-R"
2.7.1.30
3-P-Glycerol
2.3.1.51CH2O-CO-R
KETONE BODIES Acetone 3-OH-ButyrateCH3COCH 3 CH3CH(OH)CH 2COO
HO2SCH 2COCOO
L I P I D D E G R A D A T I O N
Carnitine O-Acyl-carnitineO-Acyl-carnitine3.1.1.28CH3(CH2)n CH2CH2COSCoA
R-CO-OCH
CH2O-CO-R R-CO-OCH CH2OH
2.7.8.5
Malonyl-Co-ACH 3CO-S-ACP
HOOCCH 2CO-SCoA
PYRUVATE 1.2.4.1
CH3CO COO
1.4.1.1
2.6.1.24.1.3 .181.1 .1.2 7
+ CH3CH(NH3)COO
3-Sulphinyl pyruvate
sulphinate4.1.1.29
6.3.2 .2HO3SCH 2CH2NH2
2.1.1.20
4.1.1.50
R-CO-OCH CH2O P
4.1.1.4
1.1.1.30
Triacylglycerol
FAT
Diacyl 2.3.1.20 glycerol
3.1.3.4 2.7.1.107 Phosphatidate
Acetoacetate3.1.2.11CH3(CH2)n COCH 2COSCoA
CH3COCH 2COO
Acetyl-ACP2.3.1.38
4.1.1.9
2.3.1.12 1.8.1.4
ALANINE
Hypotaurine
HO2SCH 2CH2NH2
1.8.1.3
Taurine
-Glutamylcysteine6.3.2 .3
Glycine
4.1.2.5+ CH3CH(OH)CH(NH 3)COO
+ OOCCH2CH2COOCH2CH2CH(NH 3)COO
4.1.1.12 2.6.1.18CH3CH(OH)COO
Succinylhomoserine2.3.1.46CH3 CH3
CH2SH + OOCCH(NH 3)CH2CH2CONHCHCONHCH 2COO
ACYL-CoA(Mitochondria)
1.3.99.3
CH3(CH2)n CH=CHCOSCoA
2, 3-Enoyl-CoA
CH3(CH n CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA 4.2.1.17
3-OH-Acyl-CoA
1.1.1.35
3-Oxoacyl-CoA
2.3.1.16CH 3 COSCoA
ATP GTP
LACTATE
THREONINE4.1.3 .18
+ POCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO
4.2.99.2
O-Phospho- 2.7.1.39Homoserine homoserineCOO
+ HOCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO
Bile AcidsHCHO4.1.2.12CH3 + CHCH(NH 3)COO CH3
Glutathione
HOCH 2 C(CH 3)2COCOO
Oxopantoate
4.2
.1.
52
CH3(CH2)2CH2CH2COSCoA
Hexanoyl-CoACH3CH2CH2COSCoA
1.3.99.3
2, 3-Hexenoyl-CoA Crotonoyl-CoA Pentenoyl-CoACH 2O-CO-R CH3CH2CH=CHCOSCoA CH3CH=CHCOSCoA
CH3(CH2)2CH=CHCOSCoA
4.2.1.17
3-OH-Hexanoyl-CoA 3-OH-Butanoyl-CoACH3CH2CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA CH3CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA
CH3(CH2)2CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA
1.1.1.35
3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA Acetoacetyl-CoA 3-Oxopentanoyl-CoAOHCCOO CH3CH2COCH 2COSCoA CH3COCH 2COSCoA
CH3(CH2)2COCH 2COSCoA
2.3.1.16
ACETYL-CoA
1.2.1.18
Malonic semialdehyde
OHCCH 2COO
1.1.1.3 1.1.1.86
CH3
4.2.1.16CH3CH2COCOO
2-Acetolactate Oxobutyrate4.1 .3.1 8CH3 HOCH 2CHCOO
CH3COC(OH)CH 3
2-3-Dihydroxy isovalerateCH3
C (OH)CH(OH)COO CH3
CHCOCOO
1.1.1.169
4.2.1.9
2-Oxo- 1.4.1.8 VALINE isovalerateCH3 CH3
2.6.1.32
2.3.1.94.1.3.5
1.2.1.25
Pantoate -Alanine 3.5.1.226.3.2.1
HOCH 2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)COO
Butanoyl-CoA Odd C Fatty acids Pentanoyl-CoACH2O-CO-R R'-CO-OCH O CH2O-PO O OH OH CH 3CH2CH 2CH2COSCoA
1.3.99.2
4.2.1.55
1.1.1.157
3-OH-Pentanoyl-CoACH 2O-CO-R R'-CO-OCH O O CH2O POCMP
1.1.1.35
2.6.1.44.1.3.4
4 2.6.1.4
4.1.1.32
1.1.1.39OOCCOCH 2COO
Methylmalonyl semialdehyde2.3.1 .16
CH3 OHCCHCOO
1.1.1
.31
3-HydroxyisobutyrateCOO CH3COC(OH)CH 2CH3
3.1.2.4
3-HydroxyIsobutyryl-CoACH3
HOCH 2CHCOS-CoA-
4.2.1.17
Methyl acrylyl-CoACH3 CHCOCOO
CH2 = CCOSCoA
1.3.99.3
Isobutyryl-CoACH 3 + CHCH(NH 3)COO
CH3CHCO-SCoA
HOCH 2 C(CH3)2CH(OH)CO NHCH 2CH2COO
PANTOTHENATE2.7.1.33
R'-CO-OCH
1.3.99.7HO OH OH
-
Phosphatidyl inositol
PHOSPHATIDYL SERINEO
COO + CH 2O PO CH 2CHNH 3 O
2.7.7.41
Glyoxylate1.1.1.79 1.2.3.5HOCH 2COO
4.1.3.5CH2COO CH3C(OH)CH 2COSCoA
4.1.3.84.2.1.1 8CH2COO C(OH)COO CH2COO
2.7.8.8 2.7.8.11CH 2O-CO-R
Serine
InositolR'-CO-OCH
CDP-diacyl glycerolO
Glycolate1.2.1.21 2.7.8.5HOCH 2CHO
-OH--Methylglutaryl-CoA1.1.1.34CH2COO CH3C(OH)CH 2CHO
OXALOACETATE1.1.1.37OOCCH(OH)CH 2COO
4.2.1.9 2-Aceto-22-Oxo-3-methyl 2:3-Di-OHhydroxy- 1.1.1.86 3-methylvalerate valerate butyrateCH3 CH 3 CH3COCHCOSCoA CH3CH(OH)CHCOSCoA CH3 CH3CH=CHCOSCoA
C(OH)CH(OH)COO CH3CH2
P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH2COO
CH3CH2
2.6.1.32
CH3CH2
ISOLEUCINECH 3
COO P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCHCH 2SH
4-P-Pantothenate Cysteine 6.3.2.5
1.2.1.25
4-P-Pantothenylcysteine4.1.1.36
4.1.1.12 2.6.1.1 1.4.3.1CH 3CH2COSCoA
P H O S P H O L I P I D S
CH 2O-CO-R R'-CO-OCH O O
4.1.1.65
CH2O-CO-R R'-CO-OCH O
CH2O-CO-R CH2O-PO CH 2CHOHCH 2OH
HOOC-COOH
O HCO-CO-R
Oxalate
4.1.3.7
MALATE4.2.1.2OOCCH=CHCOO
CH2 O-POCH 2CH(OH)CH 2 O-P-OCH 2 O O
+ CH2OPO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3 O CH 2 O-CO-R R'-CO-OCH O 3.1.1.32 O R'-CO-OCH + + CH2OPO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3 CH2OPOCH2CH2N(CH 3)3 O O CH2OCH=CHR
Phosphatidyl ethanolamine CEPHALIN
+ CH 2O P OCH 2CH2 NH 3
Cardiolipin
-
OPhosphatidylglycerol
Glycol aldehyde1.4.3.8+ HOCH 2CH 2NH 3
CITRATE4.2.1.3HOOCCHO
4.1
2 .3.
Propanoyl-CoA2.1.3.1 4.1.1.41 5.1.99.1CH3
2-Methylaceto2-Methyl-3-4.2.1.17Tiglyl-CoA 2 Methylbutyryl1.1.1.35 1.3.99.3 acetyl-CoA hydroxyCoA butyryl-CoACOOH
CH3CH 2CHCOSCoA
P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCH 2CH 2SH
4-P-Pantetheine2.7.7.3
2.7.8.1
CDP-EthanolamineCH2O-CO-R HOCH O
+ CPP- OCH 2CH2 NH3
2.7.7.14
Ethanolamine-PCH2OH HOCH O + CH2OPO CH2CH 2N(CH 3) O
+ POCH2CH2 NH3
Mevaldate1.1.1.32
FUMARATE1.3.5.1
6.4.1.3
COOH (CH3)2CHCHCH(OH)COO
2.7.1.82
GlyoxylateCHOHCOO CHCOO CH2COO
4.3
.1. 1+ OOCCH 2CH(NH 3)COO
(CH3)2CHC(OH)CH 2COO
EthanolamineCH3COCH 2CH2N(CH 3 )3
2-Isopropylmalate4.2.1.184.2.1.18
4.2.1.33
3-Isopropyl- 1.1.1.85 Oxoleucine malate6.4.1.4
(CH3)2CHCH 2COCOO
+ (CH3)2CHCH 2 CH(NH 3)COO
2.6.1.6 1.4.1.9
LEUCINE1.2.1.25
ADP- OCH2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH2CO NHCH 2CH2SH
Dephospho-Coenzyme A2.7.1.24
OOC-CH-COSCoA
2.1.1.17 2.1.1.71
- Lysolecithin
3.1.1.5
Glycerophosphocholine3.1.4.4 3.1.4.3+ P OCH 2CH2 N(CH 3)3
3.1
2 Acetylcholine CH C(OH)CH CH OH 3 2 2 .4.2 Mevalonate
CH COO
4.1.3.1
2.3.1.6
ISOCITRATE1.1.1.415-Amino levulinate
Choline plasmalogen 1.3.1.35 Serine + NH2.3.1.503 CH 3(CH2)14COCHCH 2OH
LECITHIN
+ CPP-O CH2CH2N(CH 3)3
2.7.8.2
Dehydrosphinganin Gangliosides
1.1.1.102
NHAcyl + CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2O PO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3 O
Sphinganin 4-Sphingenin 2.4.1.23 UDP-Sugars Acyl-CoA 3.5.1.23 2.4.1.62 UDP-Galactose ONHCOR
+ NH 3 CH3(CH2)14CH(OH)CHCH 2OH
+ NH 3 CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2OH
.3 2.7.8
CDP-choline
2.7.7.15
3.1.4.1
2
Choline-P
+ HOCH 2CH2N(CH 3)3
2.7.1.36 2.7.4.2CH2COO
CO2
SUCCINATE GTP 6.2.1.4GDP+Pi3.1.2.3
OOCCH 2CH2COO
ASPARTATE1.2.1 .165.1.99.1
Methylmalonyl-CoA2.7 .2. 4
CH3
1.1.1.3
3-Methylglutaconyl-CoAH C N
OOCCH 2C = CHCOSCoA
3-Methylcrotonyl-CoAH2 CN
CH3 CH3C = CHCOSCoA
1.3.99.10
Isovaleryl-CoA
(CH3)2CHCH 2COSCoA
P-ADP- OCH 2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCH 2CH2SH
Coenzyme A+ NH3 OOCCH-CH 2CH2CH2CHCOO + NH 3
+ P OOCCH 2CH(NH3)COO
2.7.1.32
CHOLINE
SUCCINYL-CoA1.2.4.2-OOCCOCH CH COO2 2
- OOCCH CH COSCoA 2 2
Aspartyl-P
1.2 .1.
+ NH 3 CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2O- Galactose
CH3C(OH)CH 2CH2OPP
Diphosphomevalonate4.1.1.33
5.4.99.24.1.1.71
11
6.3.5.4
PsychosineNHCOR
2.3.1.37
Acyl-CoA CerebrosideCH3 CH2
Glycine
2-OXOGLUTARATE NADH+H +NAD +
Aspartyl Succinic Semialdehyde semialdehydeOOCCH 2CH2CHO
+ OHCCH 2CH (NH3)COO
HC OOCC
CH 2 CH-COO
H 2C OOCC
CH2 CH-COO
OOCCH 2CH2CONH OOCCH 2CH2CONH OOCCOCH 2CH2CH2CH-COO OOCCHCH 2CH2CH 2CH-COO + NH3
A M I N O A C I D S
Pyruvate decarboxylase Oxaloacetate decarboxylase Acetoacetate decarboxylase Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase Aspartate 1-decarboxylase Aspartate 4-decarboxylase Glutamate decarboxylase Ornithine decarboxylase Diaminopimelate decarboxylase Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase Histidine decarboxylase Orotidine-5-phosphate decarboxylase Tyrosine decarboxylase Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase Sulfoalanine decarboxylase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase Dehydro-l-gulonate decarboxylase Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase Aminocarboxymuconatesemialdehyde decarboxylase Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase 2-Oxoglutarate decarboxylase Threonine aldolase Ketopantoaldolase Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 2-Dehydro-3-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase Isocitrate lyase Malate synthase Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase Citrate (si)-synthase ATP citrate (pro-S)-lyase 4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase Acetolactate synthase N-Acylneuraminate-9-phosphate synthase Homocitrate synthase Citramalate lyase Anthranilate synthase Tryptophanase Fumarate hydratase Aconitate hydratase Citrate dehydratase Dihydroxy-acid dehydratase 3-Dehydroxyquinate dehydratase Phosphopyruvate hydratase (enolase) l-Serine dehydratase Threonine dehydratase Enoyl-CoA hydratase Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase Tryptophan synthase Cystathionine B-synthase Porphobilinogen synthase 3-Isopropylmalate dehydratase dTDPglucose 4,6-dehydratase GDPmannose 4,6-dehydratase Urocanate hydratase Prephenate dehydratase Dihydrodipicolinate synthase 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase Crotonoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydratase 3-Hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase 3-Hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase 3-Hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase Uroporphyrinogen-III synthase 2-Oxopent-4-enoate hydratase Threonine synthase Cysteine synthase O-Succinylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase Aspartate ammonia-lyase Methylaspartate ammonia-lyase Histidine ammonia-lyase Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase Argininosuccinate lyase Adenylosuccinate lyase Cystathionine g-lyase Cystathionine -lyase D-Cysteine desulfhydrase Adenylate cyclase 3-Dehydroquinate synthase Chorismate synthase Ferrochelatase
4.2.1.52
2, 3-Dihydrodipicolinate
1.3.1.26
Piperideine2, 6-dicarboxylate
+ H2NOCCH 2CH (NH3) COO
+ (CH3)3NCH2CH(OH)CH 2COO
Asparagine
Carnitine
OH + + (CH3)3N(CH 2)3 CH2CH(NH 3)COO
N-Succinyl2-amino-6-oxopimelate6
2.6.1.17
N-Succinyl-2, 6 diaminopimelate
3.5.1.18
Diaminopimelate
1.14.11.1
SPHINGOMYELIN
-
2.7.8.3
CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2OH
3.1.4.12
Ceramide
CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2O- Galactose
3.2.1.46 2.4.1.47 1.3.99.7
CH3C-CH2CH2OPP
2-AMINO ACIDIFe--S
+ R-CH(NH3) COO
2.6.1.19 1.3.99.7 4.1.1.70OOCCH 2CH 2CH2COSCoA
N -Trimethyl3-OH-lysine6
+ + (CH3)3N(CH 2)3 CH2CH(NH 3)COO
+ + (H3N)(CH2)4 CH(NH 3)COO
1.14.11.8
N -Trimethyllysine
LYSINE
.7 5.1.1 0 .2 4.1.1 1.5.1.7 - 10
Isopentenyl-PP(C5)1.6.5.3
I S O P R E N O I D S S T E R O I D S P O R P H Y R I N S
Lycopene (C40)To Brain - VISION
Phytoene(C40)
Dimethylallyl-PP(C5)2.5.1.1CH 3 CH3
CH3C = CHCH 2OPP
FMN 4H 2H++
TR
2.6.1.-
Glutaryl-CoA
OOCCH 2CH2CH2COCOO
2-Oxoadipate
+ OOCCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO
AN
-CAROTENE (C40) Metarhodopsin1.13.11.21COO-
hv
2.5.1.32O CH3
2.5.1.29
RhodopsinCH3O CH3O
CH3C= CHCH 2 CH2C= CHCH 2OPP CH2OPP
4H
+
2e-
FMNH 2
SA
MI N
2-OXO ACIDAT IO N+ OOCCH 2CH 2CH (NH3) COO
R-CO-COO
4-Aminobutyrate(GABA)H2N(CH 2)3NH(CH2)4NH (CH2)3NH2
OOCCH 2CH2CH2NH2
2.6.1.39
2-Aminoadipate 1.2.1.31 2-Aminoadipate semialdehydeAdenosyl+
+ OHCCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO
COO NH CHCH 2CH2COO
+ CH 2CH2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO
1.5.1.9
Saccharopine
CH3-SCH 2CH2CHNH 2
2H+Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space
.1 4.12.7.2 .11
. 15
Spermine
S-Adenosylmethyl thiopropylamine(Decarboxylated SAM)
L E G CarbohydratesBiosynthesis
E
N
D
Geranyl-PP(C10)2.5.1.10
OpsinCHO
Retinoate1.2.1.36
O
Ubiquinone(Coenzyme Q)
n
Geranyl-geranyl-PP(C20)
IIUQ UQH2
1.3.5.1 Fe--S FAD
SUCCINATE FUMARATE
NO3 NO2 N2
_
GLUTAMATE1.4.1.2 1.4.1.14
+ POOCCH2CH 2CH(NH3) COO
2.5.1.22H2N(CH 2)4NH (CH2)3NH2
Degradation Degradation Degradation Degradation
trans-Retinal1.1.1.105
5.2.1.3
Light
11-cis-Retinal1.1.1.105
CHO
Menaquinone PlastoquinoneO HOCH 3 O
Phytol (C20)CH3 O CH3
CH2OH
OPP CH2
2H+III1.10.2.2
2H+
1.6.6.1 1.7.99.4
3.5.1.2 6.3.1.2 3.5.1.2
Glutamyl-P1.2.1.41
Amino Acids Lipids
Spermidine
Biosynthesis
ISOMERASES 5.1.3.1 Ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase 5.1.3.2 UDPglucose 4-epimerase 5.1.3.4 l-Ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase 5.1.3.6 UDPglucuronate 4-epimerase 5.1.3.7 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase 5.1.3.12 UDPglucuronate 5-epimerase 5 1.3.13 dTDP-4-Dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase 5.1.3.14 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase 5.1.99.1 Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase 5.2.1.2 Maleylacetoacetate isomerase 5.2.1.3 Retinal isomerase 5.2.1.7 Retinol isomerase 5.3.1.1 Triose-phosphate isomerase 5.3.1.3 Arabinose isomerase 5.3.1.4 l-Arabinose isomerase 5.3.1.5 Xylose isomerase 5.3.1.6 Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase 5.3.1.8 Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase 5.3.1.9 Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 5.3.1.16 N-(5-Phospho-d-ribosylformimino)5-amino-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)4-imidazolecarboxamide isomerase 5.3.3.2 Isopentenyl-diphosphate -isomerase 5.3.99.3 Prostaglandin-E synthase 5.3.99.5 Thromboxane-A synthase 5.4.2.1 Phosphoglycerate mutase 5.4.2.2 Phosphoglucomutase 5.4.2.3 Phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase 5.4.2.8 Phosphomannomutase 5.4.3.8 Glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase 5.4.99.2 Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase 5.4.99.5 Chorismate mutase 5.4 99.7 Lanosterol synthase 5.5.1.4 myo-Inositol- l-phosphate synthase LIGASES 6.2.1.3 6.3.1.1 6.3.1.2 6.3.1.4 6.3.1.5 6.3.2.1 6.3.2.2 6.3.2.3 6.3.2.5 6.3.2.6 6.3.2.7 6.3.2.8 6.3.2.9 6.3.2.10 6.3.2.13 6.3.3.1 6.3.4.1 6.3.4.2 6.3.4.3 6.3.4.4 6.3.4.5 6.3.4.7 6.3.4.13 6.3.4.16 6.3.4.17 6.3.5.1 6.3.5.2 6.3.5.3 6.3.5.4 6.3.5.5 6.4.1.1 6.4.1.2 6.4.1.3 6.4.1.4
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
_
1.7.7.1 1.6.6.4
NH+ 4ATP CO2
2.5.1.16H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
Biosynthesis Biosynthesis
Retinol esters2.3.1.76 3.1.1.21
+ H2NOCCH 2CH2CH (NH3) COO
CH2OH
CH 3
Farnesyl-PP(C15)
trans-Retinol(Vitamin A)
5.2.1.7
Dark
11-cis-Retinol
CH2OH
Phylloquinone(Vitamin K)
-Tocopherol(Vitamin E)
2H+
Fe-S and 2eCytochromes Cyt.c Cu and CytochromesM I TO
2.5.1.21
2H+
MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX
1 .1
.1 8.66.3.4.16
Glutamine
+ OHCCH 2CH 2CH(NH3) COO
Purines & Pyrimidines
Glutamic semialdehyde2.6.1.13
PutrescineCH2 CH2 CH N CHCOO
Vitamins, Co-Enzymes & Hormones Pyruvate Glyoxylate4.1.3.16OOCCH(OH)CH 2COCOOCH2 CHCOO
6.3.5.5
CH3COCOO
OHCCOO
Pentose Phosphate Pathway Photosynthesis Dark ReactionsHuman Metabolism is identified as far as possible by black arrows
STEROIDS ProgesteroneHO H
IV
1.9.3.1
2H+
Carbamoyl-P2.1.3.3
H2NCOOP
+ H 2NCONHCH 2CH2CH2CH(NH3) COO
HO
H
HO H
H HO H
2H+ LanosterolCOOCH2 -OOCH 2C H 2C H 2C
2H+
H2O3H+
CITRULLINE
Pyrroline-5carboxylate4.1.1.17 1.5.99.8 CH2 1.5.1.2
Pregnenolone CHLOROPHYLLH3 C HC
CHOLESTEROLCH2 CH H C N Fe N H3 C CH2 CH2 COOC H N CH3 CH2 CH2 COOH3 C CH CH3 CH2 CH H3 CH2 C
DesmosterolCH2 CH H2 C N H H N C H2 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 COOCH3 CH 2 CH H3 C
ZymosterolCOOCH2 CH2 N H H N H2 C N H H N C H2 CH3 COOCH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 COO-
5.4.99.7 1.14.99.7
Squalene(C30)
CH2 H 2 C N H H N CH2 CH2 COOC H2 N H H N
COOCOO-OOCCH CH COCH NH CH2 2 2 2 2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
3.6.1.34IA
Pi ADP ATP
+ H2NCH2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO
CH2
4-Hydroxy2-oxoglutarate2.6.1.23
Biosynthesis
Degradation
Small numbers refer to the IUBMB Enzyme Commission Reference Numbers for EnzymesThe "BACKBONE" of metabolism involves GLYCOLYSIS, the TCA CYCLE and OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. It is a major source of energy (ATP) and is the origin and termination of most of the pathways. GLYCOLYSIS occurs in the CYTOPLASM. The TCA CYCLE is in the MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (ATP SYNTHESIS) spans the MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANE. This last part has been redesigned to illustrate the activation of ATP-synthase and formation of ATP - driven by the electromotive translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. A similar compartmentation occurs in the chloroplast, where light-driven proton translocation across the inner thylakoid membrane initiates synthesis of the ATP necessary for Photosynthesis. In both cases flow of electrons and protons is shown in red or blue arrows
1H+
ORNITHINEH2NCONH 2
NH
6.3.4.5OOCCHCH 2COO N + H2NCNHCH 2CH 2CH2CH(NH3) COO
PROLINE1.14.11.2HOCH H2C N H CH2 CHCOO
COMPARTMENTATION
+ OOCCH(OH)CH 2CH(NH 3)COO
N
N H H N
5-Amino levulinateCOOCH2 CH2
N
NE
2.1.4.1R
UREA
ME
HEMOGLOBIN
H2 C
MB
-OOCH2 C H2 C
RAN
E
3.6.1.3
Glycine +
3.5.3.1
H3 C CH2 CH2 COO-
+ H2NCNHCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO
NH2
3.5.3.6
NO1.14.13.39
Argininosuccinate
4-HydroxyglutamateHOCH HC
1.5.1.12
CH2 CHCOO
CH2 CH2 COO-
-
OOC
COO-
4.2.1.24N H
RO TO N
ARGININES1H+ 3H+
HYDROXY PROLINEHN C NH CO CH 2 N CH3
4.3.2.1+ NH2
3-Hydroxypyrroline5-carboxylate
N
HEME
1.3.3.3 4.3.1.8 1.3.3.4 Protoporphyrinogen Coproporphyrinogen 4.1.1.37Uroporphyrinogen 4.2.1.75 4.99.1.1
COO-
H2 N
+ NH2
IX
III
III
Porphobilinogen
+ NH2
Electron Flow
Proton Flow
ATP
ADP Pi
Guanidoacetate
H2NCNHCH 2COO
2.1.1.2
H2NCN(CH 3)CH2COO
Creatine
2.7.3.2
P- HNCN(CH 3)CH2COO
P-Creatine3.5.2.10
1.5.1.2
Creatinine
Some other pathways occurring in the mitochondria are identified by a pale yellow background
Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase Aspartateammonia ligase Glutamateammonia ligase Aspartateammonia ligase (ADP-forming) NAD+ synthetase Pantoate-alannine ligase Glutamatecysteine ligase Glutathione synthase Phosphopantothenatecysteine ligase Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyld-glutamatelysine ligase UDP-N-acetylmuramatealanine ligase UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine d-glutamate ligase UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyld-glutamyl-lysined-alanyl-d-alanine ligase UDP-N-Acetyl muramoylalanyl-dglutamate2,6-diaminopimelate ligase Phosphoribosylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase GMP synthase CTP synthase Formatetetrahydrofolate ligase Adenylosuccinate synthase Argininosuccinate synthase Ribose-5-phosphateammonia ligase Phosphoribosylamineglycine ligase Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) Formatedihydrofolate ligase NAD+ synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) GMP synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthetase Asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) Pyruvate carboxylase Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Propionyl-CoA carboxylase Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase
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Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic Membrane