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Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany

The Weimar Republic’s Rise and Fall

1919 (end of WWI) German leaders draft a constitution creating the Weimar Republic.

Democratic; parliamentary system. Bill of rights. Women had the right to vote.

The Weimar Republic’s Rise and FallPolitical Struggles The new republic struggled because it had many

small parties vying for power. Communists, liberals, conservatives, supporters of

the old nobility. Many wanted a strong leader like the Bismarck. All thought the new gov. was weak for accepting

the treaty. All Germans hated the humiliation of the

Versailles treaty. Many looked for someone to blame for their

economic problems…Jews.

The Weimar Republic’s Rise and FallRunaway Inflation France occupied the coal rich Ruhr Valley.

German workers were expected to work for French interests; protested and refused to work.

German gov. supported this and continued to pay striking workers.

With reparations and paying striking workers Germany had to print huge quantitates of money; money worth nothing.

The economy crashed, fortunes were lost.

The Weimar Republic’s Rise and Fall

Recovery and Collapse Western powers stepped in to help.

Reduced reparations. Contributed funds through trade. France gave back Ruhr, coal mining.

The Great Depression hits. Countries can’t help anymore, German

economy collapses. Turns to Hitler who promises to restore

German pride and fix the economy.

The Nazi Party’s Rise to Power

Hitler was a German Austrian, they felt superior to other ethnic groups… Especially Jews. That superiority complex played a huge role in

his development. He joined other pro-German Nationalists and

became their leader. His party; National Socialist German Workers;

Nazis. Storm troopers, his version of black shirts.

The Nazi Party’s Rise to PowerHitler Comes to Power Hitler’s program appealed to all parts of German

society. Veterans, middleclass, small-town, workers, and

business people alike. He promised to end reparations, create jobs, and

rearm Germany. The conservatives had a lot of power but fear

communism so turned to Hitler The Great Depression helped Hitler; more

unemployment and problems the more people needed a savior.

The Nazi Party’s Rise to PowerHitler Comes to Power

In the democratic government both the Nazi party (not completely evil yet) and the communist party gained more seats in the legislature. Conservatives hated Hitler but feared the

communists; turn to Hitler because they think they can control him.

With conservative support Hitler was named chancellor through legal means.

Within a year Hitler was Germany’s dictator. Suspended civil rights. Destroyed the communist and socialist parties. Became a one party state.

Executed any Nazis who did not agree with him.

The Third Reich Controls Germany

First Reich=medieval Roman Empire Second Reich=created under the Bismarck in

1871. Third Reich=created by Hitler, the German

master race will rule for a 1,000 years. Hitler combated the Great Depression with public

works projects (employed many Germans). Built highways, housing etc. Rearmed Germany and reunited it with Austria.

All this was a strong rejection of the Versailles treaty.

The Third Reich Controls GermanyGermany Becomes a Totalitarian State Nazis controlled every aspect of German life.

Religion Education Information

His elite troops, SS, were brutal enforces. Secret police, the Gestapo, hunted the opposition. The people saw the drop in unemployment and

return of power and cheered him on. All opposition was killed.

The Third Reich Controls GermanyThe Campaign Against the Jews

1935 Nuremburg Laws were passed; deprived Jews of citizenship and restricted their rights. No teaching or attending German schools, holding gov. jobs, no

law or medicine, publishing books

Nazis robbed and beat Jews.

German Jews flee the country.

Night of Broken Glass

Nov. 7, 1938 a Jew who wanted revenge shot and wounded a German diplomat in Paris. Hitler used it as an excuse to attack all Jews.

Kristallnacht, Nov. 9-10, Nazi-led mobs attack Jews across Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia.

Hitler begins to plan his final solution.

The Third Reich Controls GermanyNazi Youth Indoctrinated the youth in Nazi propaganda.

Taught to destroy German enemies with no mercy.

Schools and textbooks rewritten to support Nazi views; race.

Fitness classes to prepare for war. Women were given rewards for having “pure-

blooded” Aryan children.

The Third Reich Controls GermanyPurging German Culture Seeking to purify German culture Hitler:

Denounced modern art (blamed Jews). Condemned Jazz (African Roots). Glorified old German myths. Hated Christianity (weak and flabby). Created a state church that was controlled by

Nazis.