Map Layout and Cartographic Design with ArcGIS Desktop · PDF fileMap Layout and Cartographic...

Map Layout and Cartographic Design with ArcGIS Map Layout and Cartographic Design with ArcGIS DesktopDesktopDesktopDesktop

Matthew BakerMatthew BakerESRI Educational ServicesESRI Educational Services

Redlands CARedlands CARedlands, CARedlands, CA

Education UC 2008Education UC 2008 11

Seminar overviewSeminar overview

•• General map design principlesGeneral map design principles•• Working with map elementsWorking with map elements

U i A M t l tU i A M t l t•• Using ArcMap templatesUsing ArcMap templates•• Tips and tricks for improving mapsTips and tricks for improving maps


Affective and substantive designAffective and substantive design

‘Thi k b f d ’‘Thi k b f d ’•• ‘Think before you draw’‘Think before you draw’–– Map design is a timeMap design is a time--consuming consuming

processprocessAff tiAff ti•• Affective Affective

–– What is the ‘look’ or ‘feel’ of the What is the ‘look’ or ‘feel’ of the map?map?•• Historical modern technicalHistorical modern technical•• Historical, modern, technicalHistorical, modern, technical

•• SubstantiveSubstantive–– What is shown on the map and for What is shown on the map and for

what purpose?what purpose?what purpose?what purpose?•• Text blocks, charts, tables, Text blocks, charts, tables,

imagesimages


Map image from the Atlas of Oregon (2nd. Ed.),Copyright 2001 University of Oregon Press

Layout designLayout design

•• BalanceBalance–– MarginsMargins–– White spaceWhite space–– Bounding boxesBounding boxes–– AlignmentAlignment


Unbalanced layout


•• BalanceBalance–– MarginsMargins–– White spaceWhite space–– Bounding boxesBounding boxes–– AlignmentAlignment


Balanced layout

Layout design: Figure Ground RelationshipLayout design: Figure Ground RelationshipFigureFigure::•• FigureFigure: :

–– object in front of the object in front of the backgroundbackground

GroundGround::•• GroundGround::–– Underlying plane behind Underlying plane behind

elementselements•• FigureFigure Ground RelationshipGround Relationship•• FigureFigure--Ground RelationshipGround Relationship

–– Separating figure from groundSeparating figure from ground–– Enhanced using Enhanced using

•• Drop shadowDrop shadow•• Drop shadowDrop shadow•• Draw orderDraw order•• ContrastContrast

Map image from the Atlas of Oregon (2nd. Ed.)Map image from the Atlas of Oregon (2nd. Ed.)Copyright 2001 University of Oregon Press



Vi lVi l•• Visual contrastVisual contrast–– Separates figure from Separates figure from

groundground



•• Visual contrastVisual contrast



•• Visual hierarchyVisual hierarchy•• More attention paid from top downMore attention paid from top down

•• Top:Top:–– Important itemsImportant items

Larger itemsLarger items–– Larger itemsLarger items•• BottomBottom

–– Less important itemsLess important itemsSmaller itemsSmaller items–– Smaller itemsSmaller items


Map image courtesy of Indy HurtUniversity of Redlands, MS GIS Program

Data framesData frames

•• Manage multiple views of same Manage multiple views of same data data

•• One or more per map pageOne or more per map page•• Most map elements are data Most map elements are data

frame propertiesframe properties•• North arrowNorth arrow•• Scale barScale bar•• Grids and graticulesGrids and graticules•• Text as graphic element Text as graphic element


Map elementsMap elements

•• ‘Smart’ graphics‘Smart’ graphics•• Maintain dynamic link with Data View Maintain dynamic link with Data View

•• Select what's appropriate for the Select what's appropriate for the map objectivemap objective

•• Is north arrow necessary for Is north arrow necessary for l ti d it ?l ti d it ?population density?population density?

•• Is scale consistent across entire Is scale consistent across entire map?map?

•• Do base map colors need to beDo base map colors need to be•• Do base map colors need to be Do base map colors need to be included in legend?included in legend?


Text elementsText elements

F t iF t i•• Four categoriesFour categories•• Descriptive, Positional, Analytical, MetadataDescriptive, Positional, Analytical, Metadata

•• Text elements include:Text elements include:•• TitleTitle•• Author(s)Author(s)•• Organization Organization •• Data sourceData source•• Date of data and mapDate of data and map•• ProjectionProjection•• DisclosuresDisclosures

•• Except for title, none should be prominentExcept for title, none should be prominent•• Limit use of different fonts Limit use of different fonts t use o d e e t o tst use o d e e t o ts

•• Text elements have visual hierarchyText elements have visual hierarchy


Add locational informationAdd locational information

•• Graticule, Reference and Measured gridsGraticule, Reference and Measured grids•• Add from Data Frame Properties > Grid tabAdd from Data Frame Properties > Grid tab

Label text style

Graticule

Label text style

BorderAxes

Intervals

Axis division ticks


Tip: edit default legend propertiesTip: edit default legend properties

Default settings

Edited settings


Tip: edit scale bar propertiesTip: edit scale bar properties

•• Set increments that are easy to measure Set increments that are easy to measure •• LeftLeft--ofof--zero divisions should be easy to usezero divisions should be easy to use

Default settings 5700 ÷ 3 = ?

Enhanced settings

2000 ☺


2000 ÷ 5 = ☺

What are templates?What are templates?

•• ReRe--usable documents that:usable documents that:•• Contain static elementsContain static elements•• Speed map creationSpeed map creationSpeed map creation Speed map creation •• Are stored as .MXT fileAre stored as .MXT file•• Are useful for creatingAre useful for creating

map seriesmap seriespp•• Standardize layoutsStandardize layouts•• Can be shared with Can be shared with

other usersother users


Template contentsTemplate contents

Graticule Neatline(border)

Map Body

Legend

Scalebar

LLegend Logo

North Source,Title


Projection North Arrow

,Author

Title

Create new mapsCreate new maps

•• Use existing templateUse existing template–– ArcMapArcMap supplies 28 in 4 categoriessupplies 28 in 4 categories

•• Create new templateCreate new templatepp–– e.g. different page sizese.g. different page sizes

•• Modify existingModify existing•• Create new tabCreate new tab

–– Add folder to directoryAdd folder to directory–– Store your own ‘library’Store your own ‘library’

•• Within layout view, switch to anotherWithin layout view, switch to another


Limit colors and shadesLimit colors and shades

7 or 8 distinct shades 12 distinct colors

SameSame color?

Same l ?color?


Know the map viewing distanceKnow the map viewing distance•• Select text and symbol size based on viewer perspectiveSelect text and symbol size based on viewer perspective•• Select text and symbol size based on viewer perspectiveSelect text and symbol size based on viewer perspective

–– ICA (International Cartographic Association) legibility standards:ICA (International Cartographic Association) legibility standards:

2 degree arc2.9mm (.11 in)

(Eye)

5m (16.4 ft)

(Eye)

5m (16.4 ft)

ViewingDistance

Sizemm

ViewingDistance

Sizein.Distance mm

0.5 m2 m5 m

0.301.152 90

Distance in.1.5 ft

5 ft10 ft

0.010.030 07


5 m 2.90 10 ft 0.07

Change data frame background colorChange data frame background color

•• Colored background emphasizes visual hierarchyColored background emphasizes visual hierarchy–– May take longer to print on larger page sizesMay take longer to print on larger page sizes


Use Grids and GuidesUse Grids and Guides

G hi l t li t t lG hi l t li t t l•• Graphic element alignment toolsGraphic element alignment tools•• Set ArcMap Options for units and snappingSet ArcMap Options for units and snapping•• Aids visual balance, alignmentAids visual balance, alignment

Top Rulerp

Side Ruler Virtual PageGuides


Advanced TechniquesAdvanced Techniques

•• Clip data frame to shapeClip data frame to shape

Clipped data frame

Selected circle

Clipped data frame



•• Rotate data frameRotate data frame

Layout view with rotation (note north arrow)


Data view


•• Extent RectanglesExtent Rectangles



•• Masking effectsMasking effects

Annotation without mask Annotation with mask



•• Text boxes Text boxes


For more informationFor more information

ESRI M i C tESRI M i C tESRI Mapping Center ESRI Mapping Center http://mappingcenter.esri.comhttp://mappingcenter.esri.com

Map examples, Ask A Cartographer, Blog, and moreMap examples, Ask A Cartographer, Blog, and more

Virtual CampusVirtual CampusCartographic Design Using ArcGIS 9 Cartographic Design Using ArcGIS 9 (7 module course)(7 module course)

Making Better Map Layouts with ArcGISMaking Better Map Layouts with ArcGIS (free training seminar)(free training seminar)Making Better Map Layouts with ArcGIS Making Better Map Layouts with ArcGIS (free training seminar)(free training seminar)

Instructor Led TrainingInstructor Led TrainingCartography with ArcGISCartography with ArcGISCartography with ArcGISCartography with ArcGIS

Managing Cartographic Data in the GeodatabaseManaging Cartographic Data in the Geodatabase

ESRI PressESRI PressESRI PressESRI PressDesigning Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users –– Cynthia A. BrewerCynthia A. Brewer

Cartographies of Disease: Maps, Mapping and Medicine Cartographies of Disease: Maps, Mapping and Medicine –– Tom KochTom Koch


Questions ?Questions ?

UC 2006 Tech SessionUC 2006 Tech Session 3232

Map Layout and Cartographic Design with ArcGIS Desktop · PDF fileMap Layout and Cartographic...

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