Map 14.1 The Global Empire of Charles V

Map 14.2 The Protestant and the Catholic Reformations

Overseas Exploration and Conquest, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries

The Worldwide Slave Trade

Tomb of Charles V1500-1558

crowned 1520

abdicates 1556

• Charles V “the scholar king”

Ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Castile (1516 – 1556)King of Castile, King of Aragon (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily (1516-1554), Archduke of Austria (1519-1521), King of the Romans (or German King), (1519-1531) and Holy Roman Emperor (1530-1556)

Son of Philip the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, grandson of EmperorMaximilian I (Hapsburg).

• Charles V “the warrior king”

Philip II 1527 -1598 crowned 1556

• Mary I (Tudor) 1516-1558Reign 1553-1558

Philip II &Mary I (Tudor)

Escorial – Philip’s Palace outside of Madrid

Francis I of France 1494- 1547

crowned 1515

Henry II 1519-1559 Diane de PoitiersCrowned 1547

Chateau Chenonceaux

Catherine

de Medici

Chateau Chenonceaux

Francis II & Mary Stuart (Scots) born1544 crowned 1559 died 1560

• • Charles IX born 1550 crowned 1561 died 1574

Duke de Guise brother of Mary Guise mother of

Mary Stuart Murdered 1563

• Henry III 1551 -1589

• crowned king of Poland 1573

• crowned King of France 1575

• murdered 1589

Marguerite de Valois /de Navarre /de France /Queen Margot (1553-1615) married

Henry 1572

• Henry of Navarre (IV) (Bourbon) 1553-1610

• crowned 1589

Coligny, Gaspard de Châtillon, comte de 1519-1572

escaped 1st assassination attempt to be later killed two days later at St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572): Henry of Navarre

Map 15.1 The

Netherlands, 1578–1609

• 1506-1530 Margaret of Savoy 1531-1555 Maria of Habsburg (of Hungary) 1555-1559 Emanuel Philibert of Savoy 1559-1567 Margaret of Parma 1567-1572 Ferdinand of Toledo, Duke of Alva 1572-1573 Juan de la Cerda, Duke of Medina Celi

1573-1576 Luis de Requesens

• William of Orange

• 1533-1584

Elizabeth I

1533-1603crowned

1558

•  France - inherited by Louis XIV (blue) captured by 1659 (purple) captured by 1680 (light blue) captured by 1680, given back 1713 (light green) 1713 boundary of France (red line) remaining Spanish (yellow) Dutch Republic 1648 captured by 1680 captured by 1680, given back 1713 1713 boundary of France remaining Spanish Dutch Republic 1648 (orange)

Pope Sixtus

Spanish Armada1587-1588

• In 1587 King Philip II of Spain drew up plans for war against Queen Elizabeth. A huge fleet, or armada of 130 ships was to sail up the English Channel to the Netherlands. It would be joined by an army of 30,000 men and take them to the English coast. Where they would land and invade England returning it to the Catholic religion.     The Armada left Lisbon in May 1588, but ran into a storm and lost supplies. The English fleet, led by Lord Howard and Sir Francis Drake, attacked the Armada on 21 July near Plymouth. They tried to escape but knew they were trapped and decided to drop anchor near Calais harbour.     That night Drake and Howard sent eight fire ships towards Calais harbour. The Spaniards were afraid and cut their anchor ropes and fled out to sea.     When the battle began the Spaniards were already beginning to fall. The English destroyed four Spanish ships and damaged many more. The Spaniards were beaten but their only way home was to sail right round the north of Scotland and into the Atlantic Ocean. Just 60 ships made it back to Spain.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Routes_armada.gif

Europe in 1648

• Ferdinand II (1617-1637) 1578-1637.  Holy Roman Emperor, 1620-1637.  King of Bohemia, 1617-1637.  King of Hungary, 1619-1637.   He acquired the Imperial title just as the Bohemian revolt broke out, starting the 30 Years' War.  Tilly served him ably as general until his death in 1632.  Wallenstein as a general proved to be much more difficult to direct.  Ferdinand's victory in 1635 and the Peace of Prague cost him the friendship of France.

• BOHEMIAN PHASE• 1618• Defenestration of Prague.• Bohemians rebel aided by the Transylvanians.• Elector Frederick of the Palatinate becomes

King of Bohemia, rebels march on Vienna• Danger of electing a Protestant emperor

encourages Ferdinand II to appeal to Spain and Maximilian of Bavaria

1620Rebels crushed at the White Mountain

Martinic and Jaroslav (cushioned in their fall by a dung heap) survived the defenestration of Prague and escaped.

Albrecht E. W. von Wallenstein, Duke of Friedland and

Mecklenburg (1583-1634)

• DANISH PHASE • 1623• Bohemia ceded to the Hapsburg family, Protestant

countries alarmed - Financal intervention by Christian IV of Denmark. Ferdinand II, having no army, commissions Wallenstein to fight for the Imperial cause - Bavarians and Imperialists defeat the Danes.

• 1626• Northern Germany under Imperial hegemony. England

and France withdraw from the war • 1629 • Edict of Restitution – Catholics and Lutherans allowed,

no other denominations/sects.

• Maximilian I of Bavaria (1623 -1651)

• 1573-1651.  Duke of Bavaria, 1597-1651, Elector, 1623-1651). Founder and leader of the Catholic League and major supporter of Ferdinand II during the 30 Years' War. 

• Maximillian demanded of Ferdinand II both his lands and electoral title as the price of his support.  His jealousy of Wallenstein proved to be very damaging to his own interests--and resulted in Bavaria being occupied at one point by Swedish troops.  He was one of the few participants in the War who successfully survived the struggle

The Dutch were also defeated and in 1625 lost Breda to the Spanish.

• SWEDISH PHASE • 1630 • Swedish Intervention • 1631 • Tilly routed at Breitenfeld • 1632 • Wallenstein recalled. Gustavus killed at Lutzen. • 1634 • Wallenstein murdered.• Swedes defeated at Nordlingen Ferdinand makes peace

in Germany, abandons Edict of Restitution

Gustavus Adolphus

• (1594-1632)

"The Lion of the North - Savior of Protestants"

Lützen was at once a victory and a disaster, for Gustavus Adolphus was killed. His heir was his daughter, Christina - six years old at the time.

• Cardinal Richelieu

1585-1642

1624 –Prime Minister

  If you give me six lines writtenby the most honest man, I will findsomething in them to hang him.                                    —Cardinal Richelieu

• FRENCH PHASE • 1635 • France enters the war against Spain, with Holland and

Sweden. • 1643• Battle of Rocroi - Spanish army of Flanders destroyed • 1648• Treaty of Westphalia confirmed independence of

German princes with the settlement of religion to remain as under the terms of the Peace Augsburg.

• 1659 • Treaty of the Pyrenees

“Tie fighters” -Croatian horsemen hired by King Louis XIV