Whānau and Tourism Māori

www.attto.org.nz

Your comments and feedback on this publication are welcome at feedback@attto.org.nz

© ATTTO 2011 Edition 1, December 2011

Cover image: Hongi Image courtesy of Te Puia – The New Zealand Māori Arts and Crafts Institute.

Whakataka te hau ki te uruWhakataka te hau ki te tonga

Kia makinakina ki uta Kia mataratara ki tai

Kia hī ake ana te atakura He tio, he huka, he hau hū.

Tihei Mauriora

Cease o winds from the westCease o winds from the southLet the gentle breezes blow over the coastLet the gentle breezes blow over the landLet us be blessed with a glorious dayWith a crispness and fragrance in the airBehold there is life!

Tēnā koutou i o tātou mate tārūrū nui kua poto atu nei ki te kāpunipunitanga o ngā wairua i Paerau. Heroi rā, ki ngā mate, waiho i runga i te kōrero rā, ko te hunga mate ki te hunga mate, ko tātou ngā kanohi ora o ratou ki a tātou. Tihei mauriora!

Greetings to you and to our loved ones whose loss greatly pains us and who have departed for the assembly of spirits in the Homeland. For them, let the adage speak they have passed on and we, their living representatives remain. Behold the breath of life!

Contents

Introduction ...............................4

The value and benefits of whānau in tourism Māori .........................6

Members of a whānau ............12 Emerging contemporary Whānau ................................13 Hapū ...................................14 Iwi .......................................14

Tourism ....................................16New Zealand tourism .............16 Māori tourism ........................17 Whānau benefits ....................19 Hapū benefits .......................20 Iwi benefits ..........................20 Māori tourism roles ................21

Case study: Te Kōura Marae and Māori Cultural Experience .......... 23

Assessment task 1 .....................31

Assessment task 2 .................... 39

Assessment task 3 ....................44

Glossary ..................................50

Notes ...................................... 57

3RĀRANGI UPOKO

Introduction4

Welcome to the Whānau and Tourism Māori workbook.

This workbook is designed to help you to gain an understanding of the interconnectedness of the Māori culture and to enrich the tourism Māori experiences of visitors. It explains the whānau approach to tourism and how this approach can lead to benefits for whānau, hapū and iwi. It also covers traditional and contemporary communal whānau activities and how these can contribute to tourism Māori.

To reinforce the learning of this workbook, it is highly recommended that you visit a local marae or have a marae stay-over. The physical and spiritual experience of listening, viewing and speaking on a marae will offer you a deeper understanding of marae kawa and tikanga.

This workbook is followed by assessment tasks. The assessment tasks will be used as evidence towards your completion of the following unit standard:

Number Title Level Credit Version

17578 Explain the value and benefits of whānau in tourism Māori 3 4 4

Glossary

Throughout this workbook you will notice Māori words that are placed in bold lettering, this indicates that a definition of the word is provided in a glossary. The glossary is located at the back of this workbook.

Assessment tasks

Assessment tasks are used by your assessor to judge your competence to a particular unit standard outcome. You may use the space provided within this workbook to handwrite your answer to assessment tasks. If you do require more space to complete an answer you may use your own paper. Alternatively, you may type your answers on a computer and print copies for your assessor. Any additional pages or printed answers should be clearly labelled with the assessment task it relates to and your name. When you have completed all the assessment tasks in full, and gathered any supporting evidence, you are ready to send it to your assessor for marking. Follow the assessment submission process that is outlined by your school, provider or workplace. We recommend that you take a copy of all your answers before you send it to your assessor.

TīMATANGA KŌRERO

5

The value and benefits of whānau in tourism Māori

6

Whānau

1. (verb) (-a) to be born, give birth. 2. (noun) extended family, family group, a familiar term of address to a

number of people – in the modern context the term is sometimes used to include friends who may not have any kinship ties to other members.

Traditionally the term whānau embraced all of the descendants from a common ancestor including all those married into the whānau and those who were whāngai (adopted children) to the whānau. The term whānau can describe the immediate family and/or much wider extended family. The assets or taonga (special items or resources) of the whānau were kept in communal ownership for the whole whānau. This extended view of a family unit is Polynesian in its origins. http://www.maoridictionary.co.nz

A diagram of individual whānau amongst wider whānau from common ancestor.

Ancestor

Whānau

Whānau

Whānau

Whānau

All members of a whānau are very important including those deceased. There are many traditional ceremonies performed for tīpuna (ancestor) that have departed. The actions and words of tīpuna are held strong amongst whānau and provide great inspiration and a sense of direction for whānau to follow into the future.

The positions held within extended and immediate whānau relate to age; kaumātua (well respected male elder) and kuia (well respected female elder) provide guidance and advice for all whānau members to lead the extended whānau safely. They are the passage that connects the past, present and future as holders of great knowledge and many experiences. When whānau seek approval for their individual or collective endeavors, whānau members will approach their kaumātua and kuia for their advice and blessing. To achieve the kaumātua and kuia status the accolade is bestowed upon them by the extended whānau, based on respect of their knowledge of Māori practices, deeds, achievements, consideration of others, unification of whānau, nurturing or support of whānau members and many other attributes.

7

Four generations on their marae. Māori people hold a lifelong sense of belonging to their marae, which is the place of their ancestors.