Manual El Ingeniero Metalurgista 01 Copia
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¡VI A [\) lJ 1\ [ l_ I () [\1 i\l1 ¡=:' l A l. U í -: CJ I : '/\ N [V f ' ) I r} 1'\ i) F !, [\I () ¡ •• , ... ,1 ' . .' CJ jl f\! '1' o F A G p:. S lA í U ll:f..
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Transcript of Manual El Ingeniero Metalurgista 01 Copia
¡VI A [\) lJ 1\ [ l_ I i\~ () :.-:~ [\1 i\l1 ¡=:' l A l. U í -: CJ I ~_.; : '/\
N [ V f ' ~< ~ ) I r} 1'\ Il-~- i) F !, [\I () [~~ ;~~ ¡ .~ •• , ... ,1 ' . .'
CJ jl f\! '1' o F A G p:. S lA í U ll:f..
PROLOGO
L~ b0sque~a de datos s información y procedimientos iDWD=
lucra dedicación de tiempo y trabajo para ~btenerlo8t con UD
costo que siempre es necesario optimizaro
Crear~un Manual en Metalurgia ExtractivBlreqniere aHar = .. I
cal" diferentes f.1renG y un fuerte Vl.:po~,ro humano-" mari::0:cial y mo.\l¡¿¡=
tario ~ que en nuestra realidad no es posible encon~~'aro El tra=
bajo y dedicaci6n continuada Bon recursos }::;¡3.'i"a.logral's en j.a vi
da estudiantil y profesiona1 1 la adquisicic~ de información I
centra:.izadt1." El presente texto pe:rGie;uo b:i"';Lnda:c 19. UUtnrtr'oB i~cl:ll <v :
candas una modesta ayuda de informélci6o p como~germen de un Ha =
nual que debe ser enriquecido y p~r- feccion/r1o de acuerdo a su
inter6s personal ~ en los t6picos que estime conveniente pax-a su
descmpefio profeGionol y estudiantil.
Aprovech&ndonos de la creatividad de numerosos autores y
de ln tecnolo~iR de la roproducci6n, nuestro aporte se centr&
en brindar a 1.08 metalursistao la informaci0n dispersa en una.
forma conc0.ntro.dEl? lo que to.mbJÓn requiere trabajo y dedicact6uo . ~ ¡J,I
Esto l3e 11,"1. lor;rndo C0n 01 ecfuerzo mnncomul1(ldo de acadlamic0\'E~'Y
de los alumno::: r!l8r.Jor1stas .sra e Al fonso Gomila S e, y Lu1s Zuleta P . ",,,
a quienes expreso los robs sinceros af,radecirüel1to(~ por BU ;Lmf()~
tanta aporte pnra la Germinación de MAIMETUN.
Al,ONSQ ARENAS F'"
. lne" Civil Netalurgista
DeptoD de Ingenier!a
Quimica y Hetaluz'gia
Ua del Norte
;':Jm~:)?kR.fl.CION HECANICA DE HINERALES ,- - - - .. - -- .. ~---=_--::~-~--"-::--;" ---- '-.~--::-=----=~~-.""
~~s~'.~·.c::~on.eo )?éJJ:-"a Pulpas 0-:' ü l' C' 0 r:' Cl c· (, (;'1 o ... n ,-,,~ (t ,~, 0 e ~. ,~. (' <;:. o (, 1 I
P..b¡;:co ~9a'l:'¡f det.c dens ,. de pulpas ., _, - < , o o , ~ • o • o ·c· 7
Bq~,,:~.:tJOB de .1'rt >Curaci6n C," (. 0 "." ,." o, o·;· (. (. 6 o ( ( .. ; o·;. " .;. (, o o 9-
Equipo8 de Clasificaci6n •• oe<Ca •••• 0.0 ••••••• ~,. 11
Representaciones tipicas de Flow-Sheet ~00C.('00~ 13
. Elemen.tos repres'entativos. en Ji'lo'w-,Sheet (. (. c. '0' (O P - 16 F~rmulas Neta16r~ica~ PQr~:operat16n en Molinos o l~'
\ ,
.Eq,uJ.pos de ·Holiend3. •. ; (. D " " ·c· ,.:,. " ••. ; .• , • ,. (. -, ' .•. ;. (. '0' '.' (. e,.;·, ,. ,. 24
:"luestr,eo en HolinoEi , ...... , .c·.,. ( '" o o ¿. 6 ., .•• ;." ( ,. e (. o. ( .•. c'.;" 26
Datos sobreDistribucion~s Granulométricas •· •• 00. 27
I):lablas de Work Inde'X (, .. , ., .• o '0' -, " " •• " ,. o u '0' •• ,' •• ,. (. , ., , .•• o 28 Datos parA Inst:l1actón de Equi pos Pe.séJ.dos o •• · o o o o 30
Equivalehcias e~tre Series de Tamices 0000000.0.0 31
"'-Generalirhde.::: s()')r,~ Procesamiento de J-1incrale:.:; 0<, 3j AntRccden~e~ p~ro el transporte de minerales •. 00 34
,sel8(;C;~,6n de b'J'~b~~ Centrií'urr,í'ls '" n 0.<" ":""0."; ,.0'''.0 _.36
IrRANSPOR'rE: HIDRAU1ICO -- .~- "-------
Pronj.edades de A~ua como Fluido ~ ~
08.\:08 para 01 Dlscfio dL~ Equipo:;
.CAPITULO III
Tipo y CaracteristicRB de Celdas ""O •• OD~ooacooO~
Cl~Bifj,c;;:¡ri,~~ ::¿ui:nicD de Reactivos. o o """"'0 o,., o '0")
R~a~tivos ColrctQTQG Disponibles Comercialmente
Reactivos ~spu~R~t6s Disnonibles cOM~rcialmente o
1
L~
6
1
3
4 5
:::o '-o
v
5. ~ Y t=-~ \,
Preparnci6n de Solucione3 de Xantatos OODO'.CDOG 6
Determinaci6n de Xantato Activo en Soluci6nes 00 ,7
CAPI 'rULO 1 v
HIDRO=ELECTRONETALURGIA
Derivaci6n de Ecuaciones par~ Jnterconversi6n
de U~idndcG do Conccntrn~i6n OD •• OOO.OD.oo~on.o·o TahlasAe Solubili~nd " ••....••.••.•••• ~ ••.•• o ••
Re~cciones de Lixi viaci6n ••• o , • ,. e , ( t'" o •• o, { (, , o O
Equi1ihri~) REDOX y Potenciales Standard", o •• o",""
Electroquímica
Gld'ITULO V
PIRar lE'r I\LlTRG 1 f\
Doto~ de Jntcr6s en Pirom~talur~iR de Cu y Ag ••
Poder Cn1orifico de Comhustiblea 0 ••••• 00cO.'000
Equivalcnci86 °AFI/viscosidnd
Datos par~ la Fusión a Eje de Cobre •• 000 •• 00 •• 0
CAPITULO VI
1 2
4 6
9
1
2
3
4
Contenido Ca16rico de diversos compuestos ooo.oc . 1
Ener~ia Libre y CA10r de Fo~maci~n .'.0000.00000 5 -Diac;;ramé' de' Ellinrham ••. , c.' o 0'-'.', o • , .•.• 'c·. 0.0 c· o o o O ü 13 Ener~iA Lihro St~ndard de Reacciones ••••• 000000 14
CAPITULO VII
TECNICAS PARA DISE:;O DE EXPE2IilEHTOS
Di s e ñ o s . Fa c t o r i a 1 e s 2 n ~ o o o o • e ,. c· •• {, (. " c· ., ., " .,. o o O " c. " O 1
Tabla de Distribución "Ji'1I .0.' O··'" o' o o o ". o •• o , .• , c. n "~o o o o 5
I () C' ('\ C> ':" {) .) {', e, o:,> -:' <:' ,.. Ü (" 2' r:, t, ".., CI r¡ ...... e L' O CJ
" .. " .;, ," .• ) ¡;. ':> oeo (', ,~ r) ;:. ~, CI .) (.
Q0 A.cido
de's':eo y Pla.ta
PROPIEDADES DE ELEMENTOS Y COMPUESTOS '. ' -. - . .,,- ,::.-.-- .--. --..---=- .. -,,-,- - .. _""'--'-----~ .... -..
1 2
3 6 6
7
)~.s;:,·;;'.'s 2iS·i;eCCll:l.amétricos T'eJ.a., con la exL ele 01.20'" '1 5::'.sterd& Pex'i6dico de 2.08 Elementos Qcos" ~ o e· Q < G o e ~
At~Ec~i~idad Magnética de los Minerales
\Jl\D:DADES y MEDIDAS ... ..---;- ... - ....
1J¡1.::,r~~.e.8S Práct:l,.cas en lngenier:la
2
~.
6
CAPITULO 1
P~\[PAF~/~CIOf\l ['liECJ\[\JICA i' r-UL
tVllf'~E R Al_ E S
- 1 =
.RELACION1-;.:i PAliA PULPA;)"
NO Ivllil~(f l..ATURA ~
fa ,; Densidad del sólido (Tor'1o/m3 ; gr/cm3)
fl :;: Densidad del líquido eLJL¡m3~gr/cm3) fH2
0 ~ 1
f t ;:; Densidad de la mezcla o pulpa (T c.fvL /m3 v gr /cm3)
S m Densidad relativa del s61ido o GDEa (Adimensional) ,st "" De.l'uJiidad relHti.v3 de 13 :¡,,:':',cla o e oE o (J\.diwonDiorw.l)
D ;:; Diluci6n o raz6n p~so líquido a peso sólido (AdimensioDB1) Cp ;:; Conceritración ~e sólidos en. peso (frección d~ 1)
Cv = Concentraci6n de s6lidos en volumen (fracci6n de 1)
TM~Prl ;:; Flujo másico de s6lidos (ToMa/hora) TMLPH;: Flujo másico de líquidos (2'o]Vjo/hora)
~'Jf¡PPH ;:; E'lujo másic'o de pulpa (T oJ~L ¡hora) ,
JvlCoSPh ;:; ~Flujo volumétrico de sólidos (m 3/hora) r'L0LPrl_=_F;Lujo volumétrico de líquido (m3 /hora)
11'¡CPI1H 1z: l"lujo volumétrico de yulpa (Ill j /hora) "')
MCPPM := Flujo volumátrico de pUJpH (m3 /rnin)
" f) t o -~
t - f 1
1 -1- Cv(~ = 1)' = _s~ ___ := (1 .¡. D) (e y.':)(1
P c; )
p (D 1- 1/3)
u r;: 1ft - 1)':; (St ~ 1);;; S:C v 1 := ~ _._---- = p ( ::,¡ 1) ft ( ;j - 1)St 1 + U.>=1)C v D -;. )
"" Cv
(St ~ 1) (ft - fl) CIL . >= "" "'" ( ::,¡ ~ 1) (fs =11 ) 0(1 = e ) ~ e
p p
J) ~ (1 = Cp)/Cp
~'¡CPPH ~ Th::;PrI ( 1/f s o} s /Cp = s) = T~;~PH ( -¡ 1 fa .. '- D /t1 ) I<CP1)H - ¿'K3PH /cepoft) ::: TIvJSPH/CPso Cv)
I'.C';:;PE = T: ·':)PH /fs := ;<~PPH o ev
"¡ <> e ) 11
MCPPH underflow ~ MCPPH overflow
m"SPH fl % CoCo • ... ·lv1 over .. 011' Yo: '100"
"'\ .' FLUJO ¡V¡l\.SICO ~ "~.~ >0-, _ .... ____ -_
(Kgs/sego)
. Síi:lj.O:os 756
504 ._.~-
1260
% Bolü3,os 60
,G.s.i.'K?t C:tj~cl?-lqn~l!.e.~
( 200 % c~co) Sólidos 504
126 )~5.quido
Pu.:;.pz. Dssc;al"ga
80
,¡,);te~dB.IB0 ~ ;( . --1'
S6:U.0,OS 252 ,. I! :l' ,v.;l.CJ. 11 0.0 378
)? u.~_ IH:, 630
al lO ,s;c-::3.dcB '+0
DENSIDAD
Densidad
4~00
1~00
1~82
4~00
lv OO
1¡43
FLUJO VOLUHETRICO
FluJo Volumétrico
0~189
O;; 504
0~693
27~30
Os126
0,126
O?252
50,00
0,063
O~37o .--..--...=-..-~-.---=-->
o? ~·41 ""
14.30
- 3 -
<ID~rLEO' DE LA BALANZA MARCY o
a). Defusidad real del 66l~do (material fino).
f6 = ~P~so seco s6_1ido ~~~~~~ 1000 ~ pe~o 1 Ltr. pulpa ~ peso seco s61~do
Otra forma es conocer el % de s6lidos y dellsidaA de la pulpa (fp)
y por tabla determina¡- fr;o % s6lidos = Peso sólido seco
Peso 1 Lt.ro pulpa
s = f ( % s61ido ~ fp ) Tabulación
20= Densidad' aparente Sólido Granular ( - 1/411 ) o
fA = Peso en Kgs ó del sólido enrasado en 1 1tr",
3.~ Determinación % Sólidos de una pulpa.
fi Conocido )s. la balanza puede entr6~ar directamente el % s61iclcB D
mediante los gráficos en d.isco6 o bien mediante tablas. De no ¡;:C1,\;[\ ~,
ta~ con-lo anterior 9 se puede computar por~
[Peso 1 Ltr. pulra - 1000'J ~.rs % s6lidos = P = - - --
Peso 1 l,tr. pulpa t6 = 1 x 100
4.= Sizing R6pido. /
qúando se requlere el ~~ Acumulati 1[0 sobre un determinado tami~, en
forma r&pida p se pu~de recurrir a un método que entrega UD resulta~
do aproximado o
Para ello Re pesa 1 Ltr. de pulpa ( PI )y se lava sobre el 'i:.e.m).~
requerido hasta que pase todo el bajo tamaño .• El O"el~s:lze obte:n:l,liQ
se devuelve nl dep6sito de la Balanzjl Marcy ,j) se enraSE! & 1 Lt.:t'o, con agua y se pesa esta IInUBva 01 pulpa (o P 2 ) g
% M = 1000 x 100
Este método resulta más py'eeiso en la. medida que la f15 en _la J?!'!~~s. original es semejante a la /s en él -p.l1ei'size ~ si esio DO su(;ecl~ :,¡~.
resultado tendrA fuerte desviaci6n.
.,_-,1
.• '.:'! .......
• , • ~ ~¡ i~~~ L~ i.~-1\ .-/ _~SNS:~Y D~~~":=:U.L.I'A (Gramos/Litro) _ ,_ ,
.... J l'>opo .. lóM GRAVEDAD ESPECIFICA ~E SOLIDOS SECOS S.61~ ~ e! ;:~~:;o 1---------------------------------1
. .....:::..-. t _::. :1: ..o1~~Ó" 1_.:.I.;¡s=--='..c.c_0 __ t._<:5 __ 1_.so __ \_.$5-;:;--:,~.¡;-:-0:-1~.S5.:., _'..c,¡_O_I"._75 __ I_"_0~1.:.J.lS=-_Z:;:"c:.· _2:;:5 __ 2_'''-j
s 1. 1900 101) 1015 1Z0\G 10n 1Vn3 101~ 19:'0 1021 1027 1073 1023 1012 10.31 1032 1011 1019 1020 1011 '.'-..X"-~O~~ 102~ "021;. ¡p;n 1018 ~O;J4 1031 1036 1010 1022 1024 'Ol!i .... 1(06 lo:>a 10JO 1011 1032 1033 1()(~ 1M3 lQ-\S 1023 10:"5 1018 102"9 Ip30 10J2 t034 10J6 1031 1018 1O-L6 10~0 10-:;1 1026 10~8 1031 1013 1().J4 10Jti 10J8 I~O 10-12 1043 1~2 1057 \0':..9
:i ,; 1561 10'5 7 1:'3n lO:! 01:1\501C11
_~f--': 1011 ~_'~4 - --------------10 1: 900 Ion 10C? 1031 1034 1C::J.5 1038 1041 l()4l 10~5 10·n 1048 llOsa 1054 1065
10J2 IOJ4 1031 lO-CO 10·n IO-t5 1041 t0-1J leSl 1053 lCrS-4 1010 101J '035 to38 1M' 10-" 10-'6 ,o,~ IOS1 10~4 'OS5 IOS8 10'0 1018 'C80 10)3 10-11 1045 lC..E! lOSO 1C~¡04 fe,:,) 1059 l(}tjl 1063 !'C¡S 1035 103)
11 t: 809 le:,::: 11 ,; 7.33 lC~
13 l' 669 le:s 1<, ,. 1.1<: le:) ~_j_.',0_.1_5_'_04_~_'_C_S_'l ~ ~~4_ ~CY..I~ ~ ~~~?:.:.'_._' 0:...(...:'6=-'"0(,,,,"'.:..;....c,o.;,,-.:.l-'.:' OS.cc:.1.....c.':..{}:...)'--j
1':'·U 10-:5 1049 1053 1CSfi 1059 1000J IOfjl lCtG9 1071 1074,1003 1Cf.r) '101 've) 104a 1051 1056 lC?O 10G3 tO~) Ion 10)4 1076 1019 10')5 \10:'; 110) 1{-lS 1051 1055 1060 1064 10G7 l(Jl1 10JG 1019 1(181 1084 11~~ 1114 1111 1[. .. =3 1054 10~9 1064 ICi;.S 10':' IJ76 1(,.;)0 lC8~ 1061 1Cf.)O l1-J9 1121 1125 I;!sl 1051 1062 'OGB '0'1 'on '08' lOO' 1060 'Ú'J1 1M3 '"6 1119 lIJJ
15 '6 \l
r 1& '9
1: 56' ,: S '5 ,; ~ SB 1: ~ S6 ,: ~ 16
.- -11-----1: '.00 ,: '3_'6 ,: 3 SS 1: :;'.35 ,: J.l7
10
" n ,. 13
:¡,
15 25 J7 18 'l'.l
1:300 1: :OLBS ,: 7..70 1: 2.51 , : . :?¿,S
--r 1~5 1051 1066 1072 len I(iSI 1 (\:l 5 1;),99 109~ 100a 1101 11'22 1\)5 1140 lC5' 10.64 10'0 '0'6 lC31 1085 10'JO lC'J4 tOO') 1103 1106 1123 1144 1148 't?l 'OSS 101l '019 'MS 'O~Q ,ros '(')9 110l 1108 11\1 liJó IIS2 1151 ':él 1070 1016 108l 1~9 1()<J4 10J9 1104 110'3 111< 1118 11~3 1160 1165 1:.z..; 101<. lOSO 1081 lC'3l 1("1;9 1104 l1ro 11 14 11 19 1124 1;51 11&3 117)
1:0:3 1077 1084 1091 IC"j3 110-" 110') "'5 "20 1125 IDO l:S8 IlJ6 UD::? len lOCJ......o 1087 1095 1:02 110S 1114 'il11 11:6 11Jl l1J5 11!:S 11&!) 119:) 1::5 loe.: 1091 1099 1105 1112 1119 1126 lDI "36 11<:2 1113 11!13 I~S'J 1:18 IOS7 1095 110l 1'110 1117 1124 lIJI 1131 11'l~ 114& 1:1):) 1202 120Cl 1:81 10900 1098 1107 "'4 1121 11;9 113(; 11<12 1148 115":' 1:f,3 1211 1217
JO t: 1.:13 1:"::5 1094 1102 1111 1119 1126 1134 l1n 1148 115-4 tISú '~96 1120 11:75 JI 1: J.23 ':.5.8 1C'31 110::; 1115 n13 11JI lIJ.9 1141 n5( 11EO 1166 :~j.C 1]]9 1236 31 '1; ~ 13 1:.-91 1101 1\10 '''0 1~.18 1136 1144 1152 1159 lIGó 1111 1211 12Ja I1~S lJ 1 ~ 2.03 ::'-;4 l1V4 1114 112'(. 1133 11.;.1 1149 1151 1tES 111~ 1119 1:70 1)4' 12:)$
í-,J..c'--1,-_': _'_.9_<.......Jf-_'::-O-'.:_6_1_'_0Il_"_'_8_'_"_9 __ .'_:8_1_'_'6_"_5-4 __ '_'_6.:.'_"_'_0_'_'_7E __ "_6_5_"_l_B_':_'S_G_'_'_G-j'
35 1: '¡.SS 1';:;0 1111 1122 113J 11~2 1151 1160 "fiJJ 1116 "Si) 1192 12J6 12&6 1274 36 1: 1.18 l1:Jl !115 1126 llJl 11<7 1156 lHiS 1174 1181 1190 ',SS 11.e4 1276 1284
! l) 1: L10 I~OS 1116 1119 1141 1151 IlGl l\Jl 1180 1129 1197 1205 125l 1185 \1951 l8 1: 1.63 ~110 1122 1133 1145 1156 1lC€ 1116 1106 11951203 12tt 1251 1195 13~S
:'_ ..c..lS_f-_,_:_,_.5_6_f-_'_' '_,l_'..-"_'_5_'_1 3_'_'_'_4_9_' ~ 60 1111 11 El .. , 91 DO 1 1210 121e 1770 1305 13 15 !
\':0 1: 1.50 1116 ~12"9 1141 1153 l1tJS ll/ei ltes 1196 ~']0.3 12'6 1175 1219 1316 IJ15' '¡':1 1: 1.<;4 1119 l1lJ 1145 ttSS 1170 1181 119) 170J nl3 1223 1217 1ie.3 13:'6 IlJ7
} ~~ ! ~ ~:;~ ~g~ !;~~ ~~~~ ~~:; !~~; ~~~~ g~; !;~~ g;~ g;~ ~i;~ :~~ :~~ g:~' ¡ '" ,: '1.21 11:n 11~" 1157 1171 1185 \198 1209=-.:.'=-12=-'~'.::2_J2 __ "_<_J_'_2_5)_I.:.l_'6_'_J_,," __ 'J_'_:_
":5 \: \ 22 U3l ~"a 1161 11;6 1~9J 120) 1215 122' 1138 12S0 1~e.1 \315 1370 1353 :':6 1: '.11 11)6 1151 l1GS 1180 l1!H 12(\.0, 12.21 1233 17.c5 1:257 12(,,3 1335 1381 13;5
Gl 1: 1.13 1133 1155 1110 lt85 1t!)J 121l 1221 1239 1152 12bG 121G 1145 13'33 14Jl 1.c8 j; 1.08 \lq "59 1114 1190 "D!'.o "19 UJJ 1246 1259 111' 12SJ 1')S~ 1~('~ 14'9 1 G9 1: 1.0"" 11': S '~~6.::J~'.:.'..c'9=-':...'.::9.:.5~'.::2c;.'.Oc_' O-,O_'_'c-2 :r;;:c==-'..c2,,5.:.'~',-~6_5_'_2_'_J_12:..0_'_lJ,_"-,-~ 1 ~_1 G_'_'_"_
f---SO -,-: -100 ~;-;-'61 1tel 1~CQ 1215 t2JO 1245 1:'59 1271 121E 12':09 D15 1 n~ lH4
) ~ i ~ ~:~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~ ~~~~ !;~~ ~~;~ ~~~! g~b ~;~~ ~~~~ ~;~~ ~;~~ ~¡~~ !~;~ ~:~~ ~ 1; 079 1170 1190 111O 1230 12<18 1266 12&.3 lJOO 1316 1331 1348 14-10 t~,(1ó5 l r ,:-S
:..a t ~ 0.11 1176 '_'S_g_'_2_'_B_I1_4_0 __ 1?,-S_9_'_'_'8_·I_7.l_5_'_l_'O_'_"_3-::-' ....... '3:-<_7_,-:-J_(.'_1_363 ',:_-~.'l ".~~55 : 60 ~061 t-mS-;20' 1118 1150 '110 1290 'J01 'J1B '346 IJ6< '30' "S6 " _
;¡l 1: 1.6\ 1192 121!1' 12JJ 1260 1282 lJOl 1323 134J 1362 1380 lJ'H 1511 1~'J1 1[;17 G<: ,. QS6 1199 t'2"·~ \147 121\ 'in" 1316 1337 13SB I:nS 1:)~8 H18 15JG l(7) 1650 ~6 1: OS2 120S ,2J2 1251 1282 'lOS 1319 1JSt 1313 1394 t~1S I~Jl J5l;J 1[,51; lr.B4 ss 1: 0.<:7 121<: 12<:1 1167 1253 1)18 tJ<:! lJU 13BS 1 .. 11 loCJ) 1<Se lS9~ \~:......'~~
I 10 72 14 76 18
1: O.~J t! 039 ". 0.35 ~: 0.32 ,_ 0.:;8
_. 015 ~ 017 ': 019 e 016 \' O ,~ l: n It
1221 11'9 11)7 12¡;·: 12~
"50 1211 '30:' t296 1181 13'5 1:l0S 12'98 ~J17
1"6 1301 l:1l1 '!37G 1320 1352
1330 1355 1la:) 1405 1-:19 13.)) DG9 1396 141\ 1446 1:15' lJ'l5 1~t2 1439 1"6G 1:368 1391 1425 '4s.-t 1481 1384 1 .. 14 1~':$ lOS 1504
I2G: !JJti 1330 1:l5J 1::197 1-.29 'G.óO 1492 1270 ~J"6 13 .. 1 lJ1S 1410 '~<1~ 1<.11 1510 U7G '.iJ5' lJS2 i~aS ''';25 l·:~O 1~9S 1530 1281 'iJ61 llbS t~o:: 1.J41 \.:}8 lS!.r. 1551 1~~ 1318 131l l<:i) lClS1 1_~g() i~1u tSG6 1304 1lB") 138.8 1<:')")' 1470 1510 ,S~O 1590
152J 154.1 156< '587 '603 '6l0
1<52 1~1J 1618 1714 1157 1411 1"9l 1&47 1761 lns 1<90 15'5 '611 119'1 '8)6 1510 153) 1108 18J8 1819 15)1 1559 11¡;0 1819 1913
1552 15r.o 1573 1&0:3 i5.9ú lt~ 1S19 1SSS lEYo2 IEH, 16661 1105
1774 1913 1970 180") 1969 1019 18<l:6 2016 2070 18.84 ]0<-:;6 2124 1913 2'118 2181 19[ .. 1 211-! 2lGl
- . - --~ ~------- .-._- --. __ .. " I
5 D 7 B 9
,O 11 '2 IJ 1<
L ~.
OE¡\JSIDJ\D DE i.A ;>ü;..:>A (Gramos/Litro) ------- --._- ==~~~~~~~----
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PEt:1CEhJT SOLlDS BY WEIGHT 10 II 12 13 14 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 80 ~_~..I.-_--!~~~~ I 1, I 1~.l._1 ~I~I_I_I ,_,-,-,-,-=t_'_Li lt UJ.LuJ./LdJJ
/ I
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42 40 35 30 25 120 15 10 / . 5 : ¡ U.S.G.P.M. @F. PULlO
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U.S.G.P. M.jT. P. H.= ~.02 (~ ~:IJ~; -:- Sp. Gr.' sorras) / !
NOTE: ALL VALuES IN G,P.M. ARE FOR ':
/ ~I ~I~T~'-¡~I~I~¡~'~I~I ~¡~'~Ir~
1.0 1.5 2 ::1 <4 5 SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SOLlDS
ONE TON (2000 LBS.) OF SOLlDS PER HOUR
----------------------------------------------------------~~~~==--~~~ SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SOLIOS
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.\9 1.9 2 2.5:3' 4 6 , ---'-_~_ I , , , U/,-,-"-, ", "u,,-,lu.coJ
Spwcivic gravily 01 mi,lu" o ~;a~er ~:~~~7/
/ PERCENT/SOLlDS BY WEIGHi
BO 60 50 ~O' 30 20 10 1-+t-:-I--:-t-/I(lwr:J1.~+:-I.J,-H+:-:+:-:-:-:~:-H-H=1
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SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FLUID-SOLIO MIXTURE
70
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,º,ARA.CTERISTICAS DE EQUIPOS PARA' CRANCADO.,
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FOI to.:"'''' ti",~ t)f qu,.lc·m(:"" .. eru.::-tmo CI\O~!('" k,,:,.d¡no t::nd IOt·~ c<Jn,~ r.r.{'I!,~ C!:"u: ~ h::C1U'" bot'(Jcon pcrhc!.') It:1¡fcrc. tC!lv<:(1 ~·J·~'r,. f!''''O mofO cubtc:: pcrtu.:lú ch~p.:, U~C'd to produce ~orogoto I.nr.tocd o, '00 r.t!111. Ct 10 (ntule uodOlm nllad rod mili hxd. Un~chl'.blo f01 tlllC!¡\I' '0'::,dl
&r.'CDU..,. pnm~.,v 0"' r:.::cc:-:.-!S::rv C'U~.h:'1. cuU:.bl) f01 cohef 'n~blo non·,;OIr:!'.' ..... ~· r;-_~,(.IL~~:: cueh el) cod DI bnr..C·lon-:, OctlC1 Ihcn JCt"J c;.nd gV'QIOf"'t crucJl.:::fo 0." '""'.11 t'nd ctt.ctlV- ~'t:·:".ID
Al low ,cduction '011011. pIOduCI jo f nmll:~,"" ... C'I" 10\."1 1'" hnn, SIIU In uco ¡n ::1.)1110 Pl.,flt~ r.~ lell'e" hu«:!ll GI",~ho'o, bUI !:lf9d..,. o\lt>:'rt:~dod by eon.~ CtV,:n'~f!), Tootf\.')c! M"1t~1 h!~~iliü!)I~1 .... kJt!:(: t1!,~ .. 1 :1('1 uC_~ fOl
._~-----------------------1
'8 4vO .. 2000
Hun'Q'
cuul
':"OOuct 01
40 tI')
150mn,
o..c,(,tlo lun .o' mm.J c..ocl 10 ('\ ~r:,,:: :,I-:"r.'I~~d 1~
cUG (~Hh "~n&nwtn 01 tlnnClI Cl(l lOle!) {':"o
rc,nQVtn{J co:~'r'J ror~o,
- ------------------------------j
laDo .. 2~,OO
60')
.. , 20 l.
upon
ctrCUll
'0 4U I c!Cocod c.fl..uil
ChO,lIctctll:od by b~, :c:,'~cn ccrOtiC DUllol
:'.,I'¡cn.,. lo,m.::, (c..,r:,f~bloln<H'·'cv~r'bIQ cdlu:ltt~lIju/non·c.dJu~.lCbl.-: C:::.O~, non-dogo tino Ot{";nul:ctor i'!.()~t b'I'"¡:'!\l',OC bv r.-:,,,-:cl. c-um:, b~ r:ttrlHon Ut.'.:-d tnr ~~1l'. r~.:IUWS~;:v. 1 .. ~'tI·~fy eN=J't~tl. 10-1 CU~1: 1:""-::';)":',
n"',"Il1UJt:'J fu'\~,:I. rC'-::-J no1 ' .. ~,d Ci C!):,-Cit!,:"
.- ------------ --------------------------1
. '0 '0 900
22 1500
'0 '0 ]liO 4H"
'0 1200
'0 80
41); ,
e:' .·d
Ch...,D~ICfU;cd by btr:.:::~l:::: pl')IC(I cn-d o!)-:-n rljoC:h.o,g(, ;:01 ~rlm~,,~. t·~,eond~I'V, tC11i~.1'V
c'wt>hJftll ,,' coU. frl<jtJlc tnelo,tr.t::l AocOf"''''~ndl'",d l'!h,.::n k'{K' rc"'\.!ctiO":\ rC-1:Q, ~Oh
ccpoCIIV. cubk: MOP<: d. t"-1CU 9tcdcd p:oduct c:.~ m .. \I","Ir;, '.n~!l f.,(l ICt:UlfOd t-hgt\.-:" c~(lcdc ccn bo Lto.:;d tO el\JO r.oQ.!':': tln::-o
í't~(.y hcvo '. 2. ~ 01 a C['\{t:~, ~'":')~,:,d
eonecntlll.!rU,!" :-I~{:<I cnl":"1r. ccnlc1 o~ 1~ ccge, r.nd cont,.,U9C~ o"'1~n,d~. bob\O cub-;-:..c1~d to InCfCC!'J"'O~ h!Un.-::, /10\':.1:1 Icnco~ ~t 0r,ch r.'ce;::. Qtt".:::::t-Jk.:) c!:~:-.1 ~ lmpcc;tOfo.
1------------------------------------------------------1
'0 '0 lo
1aoo 100
2 1
, o ........... II .. Uí'A. t.o ,(jh:~ r:::'O!;~(\, ri"'G v'otcCI~ t,um '.")(/':1 llv rJN~!,~n' l"'lVC1 .... , 1')
~oduCI Ececnlidlto (j lalic"V cru:::h:: k-1 ... ~ h~1\1 wr-b ~CO:'l P\;:' crn1 ~r.; eH~C ~C-=-_"":'1 ,~k;h..,c '0 hcmm-;:, rndlc.
11
------------------------------------------------------------------~------~----~.~
ClASSIFIF.R ITvpo .,
Gloplng 10nll Clo!:!)lflor 1M. SI füplrvl. folto, drDAI
log Wntlhor
OESCRIPTIOI~
Cln:¡p'flcot!on oecura no", dnoJ"l r,nd 01 1l1opl"V. olongnuH' 'lool Spirol (F10. 10.4l, 'D~(I Of drDg mocho."'ti~m lih:. (\ondt hom pool
O
E$~""tlnlly t¡ nr1rnl clnssffier wlth puddles reploclng !1It' 9pirnl. lfo'g, 10,31,
SIZr. 1",1 Wldlh
DinmotOf MOA, longlh
0.3107.0
24 Ir.pirnll
14
0,8 lo 2,0
06 '0 1,1
4,R 10 11
lIMITINO SllE
tMoJl. Food Slrol
1 mm 'o
4~1 um
125 mml
1100 mml
FetO RAYE II/h"
lO
850
40 lo
450
VOL ~;., SOLIOS rood POWER
O~o,lIo", IhWI $ondo
Nol cr',lccl
2 \1> 20
45 lo GS
0.4 10
110
7.5 10 GO
, SVITABIUrv ANO .
Ai>PlICATIONS' jil
Uood fe: cloccd drCI;" erlnC:ln'D. ~JO(Lhlno cnd dOt·.~N("lno. ~··.::ol!mb\g: pnr'Uc:ulc-,'., 1..-"",':>:'':1'0 c~-o(;n drr (;[.ntJo ero lmportcnl. «Orcg CS.:Jr.clfbr oond~ nol r.o docnl. Cn c!occd cl,cu~ 1',lndlnp dloc~o,~o r.tochonicrn lop!rcJD O(l~:,c~=nv1 rnoV 91"0 cnouoh t!f. ;0 cllmL"":Cto pumD,
Uood ~or rougtl aoporot!ttO'to OUC" r:o fomOvino trcuh. clo\, ~rom ccnc1, Aluo to romOV'J cr b:cch OOt"'Jn
. úgglom~rotúo.
'-------------.. ----'-------------------------------------.,,-----------.:.------------~_:_----------l Bowl CIOHificr IM-Sl
Hvdrcullc nnwl Clonolfior IM·r¡
Cyllnd,lcnl Tnnk Clft!\silier (M·SI
HydrDulic Cyllndrlcnl Tonlt IM·FI CIOODlllo,
"""r;:
H~ ~ C\ ••
b:lans;on of uJopln1 tnn" clM!lsifjo,~, wlth rlOU\lnrJ nr.r.t1llh9 In Inr~o r.lrC¡JllH pool. whieh hS3 rot~'¡P')Q m"chnnkm 10 o(';r(,II'> !\~"'th Inw"ul'J Inulwnrdn 1., Ilnwl D""lIwt} lU dlrehDrn'~ ,o~n Dr nrlro!.
DMicnlly O hvt.!r8ullc: 'lOnl classifip.f. Vlhrnling plnlp. rtlDlnr.rm rotnllr:¡ mnchnnro:m In pnol. HvdulUlic wntttl po .... ! ::s through porlotntions :n pinto pnd fluldl"olt , ... '!ds,
r:f(nctlv"I~' on ovorlonó,.d thldtnnor Rotl11iog rDka t",o(la nrmdn U'I nnnUI'-1 undorflolll.
HVdfAUlic fnrm ol OIlFr Inndar! thlc:~Ar'lC!r. ~Ipl\nn. ~11f1l IN F)II'QD Olpllor'l ID dlschnrp" ,nnd~ In:stfl:,r:I D' r01811ng ralte.
0,6 lo 6,0
1,2 to 15
1.2 tCJ .3 7
1.2104.3
3 tn 45
, O lO 40
lo 45 um
112 mm'
1 mm
'" 1('10 um
112 mml
160,.,r" lo
45pm
Ir, mm)
1.4 mlTl l.
4f- ~m
125 mml
1--------------_._-------------------------Cono Cloulfler IN-SI
SimBot ,O cyllndrlcol ."nte dn9slfior. nt:t./I~t tJ.lnlc I!J conlc:", to allminato ne.nd fOl rplto.
0,6 lo 3.7
eoo ~m lo
4S..,m
16 mm)
s
In
225
t" 150
2 lo
lOO
No' critico!
o,~ lo (',
no-to é) '1 O r") 2; In
Bowl'bol:lfflor) r
Not eri~~d
21015
60 lo es
r~ot ethlCll1
0.410~1·
15 to ~5
Nntr:rll1~1
0,4 l. '-"1
20 10:¡;;'
Nol c~tlcc.l
5 lo 30
::'61061)
Bom: 0.76
lo 7,S
RohC'.: 0.711 '0 20
Vlb: 2.2 .10 7,5
Rolto: . 3.7 10 11>
0,75 lO 'il
Uóod lo, dncod chéult "flnol"!! Ipor1l.ul~';V "úgrlnd et,eullOl .• IrlhQrCr cla(.n oandll er·) n0e.:'~l('t:rv. Lera;;.:r EXtOI r..:~IO\-)C' 'h~or (I('>Pr.t[JtlCrtO. Conl DcoUior I,co brgor u·oolo Icnd c~p~bol. R,':llotlvoly cttp-:nclvo _ ¡ .. ,._\
: .... lo
G¡'vo~ t·.:-ry cbon c:::ndo cnd h:m rCUltlvcty 10\.') hvc1rc..ullc \:"Jol(lr roqulrvme-r;1n fO.5 'ln (;(.ndL On.:J of tho mo~~ QUid.:""t !:'lngb !ltc.(lO ctc::clfbrtt m·c..ilr;bki ~or c1o~:cd c"cu~ pm.dlng ond I:Jcohln9, c:tc!r.tlv.:::IV ünP'".'ocl'1O. l~'
Slm"lo. bu. glvr:-n f(.Ic;tl·.·d1 tneo r ficwnt oopcrN Ion, Urcd iC7 Julrnnf1{ (.Q\'JctlJ~;,n t:t~~rJ ilu copcrotlonn 1;'WCIVG boo 1000 \lotumo!l. cn.rl; (\cnd droinGOo b oo, 'l}-' crlticol, ". '1 • ,~ I
'\, r
7V/o.prMll'r.-1 d;vlcG (t1vlnn tJüry 0_'6 ele.en ':"IonGn, ;\oQuI,co rotctlvdv
too Uttlü hvdraufle I;'J(.tot 12 RI, cond:l', 1 1 U~od to,. t':c!lt\lng. dú{;.hmlne. cnd
clocad circult ~dnd¡n9.
lOt"J eno, fC!lnplo snoouh ~o tl.:· C"X.clr. t1>ccllvl. ond olmpllcltv ccn /uDllfv rolotlvoly Inolllclonl __ oopcrcdon. Ucod for donr.mlne ond prlrnorv d!)t~D'Orl:1g. Bolldo buUd·up con be o probbm.
I--------------_._-_.,-----------~--~~~~~-'=-~~~.,
Hvdrtlulic Cone CIDJJvlfior (M-F)
Opon ev'l"rlrlenl uptlu nor.lion tvilh cnnlr.r.1 t. v/o, ooctlon (:onl"h,h,O olowly rOl9tlng mccl1onism.
0,0 In 1,0
400 ~m lo
,00"",
16 mml
10 lO
120
NOI.,IUce.!
3 10 ~a
30 lo 60
3 10
7.S
UOQd 1l,lmDrUv " clored Il~~ull ~ erlndlng 10 le,olooollV '.C,I .. hydrocyclono undorllot':l, ,,:1 '
,'" o,;
12
~ontinuac:l.6!1,,00 ---------------------------------------------------------
ClASSIr-I~A lT,po '1 O[SCRIPTIO;~
IN SI
¡Pur"podl pro,::UI<.' fOl'd ü"n-:;r.:tQ!J contt.fuyal (~ctIO" to glVtl hl9h
:,(;p.:rutlnG fort.:cz. cnd d,:;c/'1aroc /f,O 10 61
A~ S(;P""~to, '" SI
SCNbtH'1
~ .. .J ····n
0,....
1M SI
LI
_u-,_,":(}~f
S.mú" 'lh>Jpo to hydro C';"CIOIHl hUI 11I"h(O,
rncludod lH'l'Jlo ItlltJlnrl
Irnp.:lIor ,nduco:. ru¡;vt:lo ~JI"<l1 c.:Iu .. ,of,or IF'g 1 e 81
Pnwor 9I1nOlh1('') ¡HUI.
1"01111119 fOlcos Slurty conlt1fu9ud ngulnSl rOH:t.nQ bo"""r. Dnd t;)rnoved by nluwt.!' folr.111l9 haht .,1 :'.'-'uw • UU""O'f'UI _111"" hHWI
E5~(:ntlDIi, o ,ol.,(lnO (],'-!fT1
mounlNl on slu.;hf InclIne ¡t, JIU ~.
1M F IOn" 'orm bD~{jd on DcrtJbbor, ,":Ilt)lh(", nn 1-rHf.,1
CIOS!'lfI(¡I Thtt'1 h::vo t"1t:sh
SIZE Iml W,dlh
OH:mOfOl MOA longth
001 10 ,
o ~ lo 1.5
o 3 lo 1 4
1 8
5 10 3 5
:s lo 10
"",al",r .uddcd to f1o.,.. 0.5103,3 -./:.JllLlrtr',JJht horuont:~IJ\, In bopirol type) tJppO~ft~ u.'ClC1HJO IU UUlds
::-:h.ch Ilt~ convovu-' ond '2 It'SU~¡Jt!flapc by ~omc form 01 lr,pi/ol Iypol
3\1t.n::tor IN FI
~pilal
B~::IC~¡I1V t: lubc wlth hyIJ'llIJIIC ~t:t:-:, tod nor., hO'fc,m 10 rHnduC:J t'"nd~"'d 1cHllln., 5Qnd!i ....... llhdfLlt .. " tn/oug/l VlJlY"c ni b.'.!.c CohJmn mcy het fil1;:d "",'ith notwo,l!; 10 cvvn ou, tia*' ¡r'\1 lO JI
lA :;o,ic~ 01 C"h13~u"ca"on pOC".OI~ t"lllh d:lc'~~tung
QU'l:ntlhC'l 01 hydwuhc ':':"I:,wr In cucho pfoduci~ e tcn{t· ... 01 p'oduct (\Il(,¡~
IFig 10 SI
...... l.::;:rh,·,rnc,;1 u::n:'p,ort o: !:cneb ID dj':chr.'{l~ ~ :,!on r.v;ch:-:nlc,J ({":~.ul1\' 01 ~::,:::-~,:':I dl:::chcrgo o, c::nd ..
S Sod,mcnt::hon cl~~H-;.:-: , ¡SIVIO'DOd b..~d clr.cuhn,
1 2 to 4 J
O ~, 10 6 O
12
llMITING SIZE
liJlCl11 FG~)d
Suol
300 lJm
10 o"m
11400 ¡..1m 10 4'j ~ml
14 ,.nl
1 "m .6 ",n1'
2 mm 10
40 "m
2.4 mm 10
'00 ",m
175 mml
2 -4 mm 10
'00 ¡.1m
110 rnml
fHO Rato I"h,)
10 20
n,'lm.n
10 2100
004 10 2.~
",'/m.n
10 lOO
10 6JO
4 lo
120
4 10
120
VOL '\', SOLIOS FC(;d
O'WOIUOtf.t
Sono,
4 1035
2 1.) , S
JO 10 50
2 la 75
O 4 lo 20
!t 10 50
2 \0 15
5010 65
t5 10 35
O 'U to S
20 la 35
, 51035
0.4105
20 lO 35
PQWER IhWI
35 10
400 hN:m'
I>tO!lnuro hond
4 lo
500
" 10 110
to 55
02 10 19
SUIT ABlllTY ANO
APPLlCP.TlO",S
Smoh Cl\ocp dotl'tca. t"1ldclV uocd 101 cloG"d ¡;irc:un C1!ndin~ Gt"'::HI rolDtlt'Oly cUlcK"nl f'.f:pr',r:uonr, 01 lino pr.rtlcJcn in diJUI.:': su!)p.:Jnzion~
US(jd t'.Ih...,r(J eolM:ic muz! be tlop, dry. oue" (¡(l C0m,'jnl 9,inOIOP Ai, crr,[I!Hh'~'f~ m( V b-:, lntcgtr:tod InlO gnndtng mrll :'.lruCluIO. l:Ci{1. 8 91.
RcI(,',,,,,a1v- 0np.~nrJ~o. but hi{.1h cepDcl'y '01 o givon floo, r-puco; uscd '0' hncl oL:pclelionz.
Slmilcr r:pplicD1!onn lO log t':1()ohor. huI ~~yhlc, ce!!nn Tumbhng 185't'o enllcel cpcr.dl provldos r.tttUion 10 tcmO\fO clGy "VIII Ol'l",J Abo IcnlOVOC HnGn
Vcry cl~r:n ~ndn producto ~u. r':ll.Jli'<lcly low ccp.~chV '0' r, s,yon :110.
Simplo cnd rdctl"clv cfflciont 0.75 Ccpút[";lion. ¡\!o,mr;!Iy e It:"$O pro"'~l.Icl
fOI do ""ice bul mey b~ ~c,ctod in ~ch.~IJ!l 1:.: tI·~c to nltrc (~ t~ n[l0 of CI!""'
hcctiono.
Efficlcnr ncpr.:rcliontl. ~.,U't rcqu¡'cí'l 3 t hyd,c:ulic t·Jc.1::r/t ~..cncj. U!!cd to produco cuccptton...~IIV c!c(,n tlcndtl frúClion::d jrtto n::r:Or:"t riJo;] rengo!:!.
1,.=
TIPI9AS DE FLO W c_, SHEET o
nlE PLANT con~lsh ot lhrce trc.J.lmcr.1 unilJ: (1) 1"be J'lrirnnry l~'tl-ConCenlro.ltnn planl, whcre 1hc cnan.c ore in ['acened and \\'Mh.d. (2) Ih, Nnl·nelM pl.nl, I.'Ihe" 1"lernlt,hnle·clu: "",ducU are trentcd wilh tone r.ep:uatou, [¡nd CyclODc:J. wnd (3) Ihe Idime: ptélnl, in \Ir'hich 'rl'llues contamed in \he 250· lo
20-m;,:roJl Jire l1re rec:overcd.
rn'h .. ~tI' t~ ~~ :tl'..3'to
-------------------------=~,--==-----
c:::J fOVII'M.!NT
c=J F\~ ~ t~1FDlAL CJ "'N.A' CONCn-tT'DAIB
le"U'OI,lIle] l. UOI ,1 ~.tltj'ln --o.nUII
10.1I0I/l1 B. \:,011 ~, ólJIIIl U. 1584
1. RUIIO 43.c.o56 14.9~'3 O.HII%
B.2000 0.6110 B. 4 293 O.OIS~
/
R,lancc d~ materIales empicado
comu base de cfilculo.
l.""
Dj sr. \ Cu \ Fe \ ~Io
90.00UO 0.18n 1.1SSbr O.OOpB
98.2000 ,0.2190 1.7629 U.0016
'~I' i
~I &,
~¡ ~¡ ~I ~I ~ ,
. ~
.3
I I
< <.
L~o= '-To concentratl', rima Mining Co.'s Pima COllnt ~, Aril., orebody al 3,000 tpd, Ore, llccurs Llong lhe Mincrnl HiII fault. usually uf iritcrscctions wilh cross faulLs, or al or ncar intrusivc contacts with lirncslonc or quartz:ite. DcrQsil~ are of thccontact metamorphic typc with
'í'nineralization occurring sporadical1y ¡¡long shear zones in (he limestonc,
r,
@
'i, ¡(cnl"lorlh 302. B 34-yd I'rncioHruckj 2. Rcceivint; hoppcr 3. Roap ch!Jin Iccd~r ~. Ocr grizzly, ~ .. ;0 7 .. ln. npon'ngD 5. 3irdsboro-\3uch3n~n' 66~84·jn. I-i-Type
C·Df jJI.') erushcr 6. 54.in. bell' con\'cyor, 350-h cenler~ 7. T",o 'N.' S. Trler doublc-dcclt F-900
Tyrodt ocrccnn. Top dCc!t, 3~ 18 in, 30ttom dCc!t hlin.
D. 7 -H sZ;'¡ldarc! hlordber:¡ cone crusher 9 •. ¡-~~ Nordberg dlori-hc~d cono
10. 36- in. Dcll convayor, 220·r-¡ cen~c ... ,¡ í í. 36-10. ;'cl¡, ctlnvcl'or, l80·H i:cnlor. !~. :¡'crridt Modd ;:: Wcighl'omclcr, GOO Ipll
cúpacíl)'
r,,) ...... (~ ~ .. '1 (', ,r. • .. ,,,O'., ,,"' .. i,,'r Total recovery lS 87.82% eu. !'ails average 0.25% Cu. Con-
= 15= anu disseminalcd through the conlact silicatcs.
',Tw(\ <listinct typl's of mineralizalion ,occur - high-grade, slrongly mmcralizcd in limcslone which is highIy altcrcu. and low-grade uisseminated in \\'h;,t wns ori!!in;¡lIy n dolomítc nnrl is noVo' a ca1cium silicatc rock called hornfels. Sorne oltidation ex.tends' a short dislancc into bedroclc Wilh
13.
14.
1 S.
1 G. 17. 18.
1 ~.
20. 21.
22. 23.
@ ll~o 1·6 o, Z-11
.--_.....u._..ll........,.onlhoto ¡'IIDC
@
t..IEGIt:ND /
36· in. bcll- convcyor Dnd l· B trippor, 125-ft ccnlcrs T,·/o 50-ft- dia alcel fino-oro bingo en· i'Dclly 2,000 lo 2,500 IIva ¡'"na arel, Four 30-in. bclt gccd~r", '15·H ccnlc~¡., conrrollecl DutorowticDlly 30.in. bel! con'Jeyor, 70-H cenlel'~: Al1i~·Chdmer¡: IOJl13·f¡ rod l11ill T"/O Hczel¡""'n lO-in. pumpr. VvrÍ[.blo spced driv\!. Trpe eT TI.'IO Amcric~1I :Vlilngancse ID-in. sleel pump~. '\f"riablc :;pecd. Type T Two AlIh·Chalmcr3 10~o)x13·h ball milis S~¡ of ¡hrcc Modol D·lO-u t(;t;b3 20~in. el'clon"" 16 lolnl) , Disl'ribulo. , o
TwclvG 65-in. ¡=¿;gcl'grcn floldiol1 celb llrrangecl in 3 ¡'O\'/S of 4 cel!, cjach
centrales assay 25.56% Cu find 3.27 Ol: Ag. Molybdenite i5 Dot DOW re-
chry~ocol1a and ienoritf; preseM 'in' mincr :::mO'..lnt~,
Chalcopyríte is principal mirlen:! e
with smaller, amounts :of Qomite ano, chalcoc'iie.:· Sorne "filligneqtli::"Pyl'it¡;. ~phalcrite, molybdenite &nd scheeliíe occur. Gnngue is ¡¡mestonc, qlÍartz, hemacite, pyritc, calcite and silicates. MilL heads assav 1.78% Cu (1.66% sulphide,and O:l:!% o;;¡ide),
29. 29. 30. :,n.
'lo toltlnOCt M-;)rQUO
(
I
'Fivú ,56-in. Fil~Cr¡;rCIl ccllz 111 ¡:mc .01.'1
Four 65-in. í=q;cq¡rCil ccll[, In OIlO ron 50· f~ Dorr-Olivcr ~llicllc)flor 7"'JO Elmco i'.u.1cllt,e UlItorr., Sovúr. éll~~l(', (5 VI' ';b. í3-iíl. bGil' COIII"'I'or, l~.()·r~ i::cntor" COf¡!:Cfl¡'fDt~ E~Or~[lc
Trucb ~o rDi! point Cn'nodien AlIif<-G~'Dlmcr:', üypo :;¡U" 10·1:0. ntlncl í>urnpn AI1i$-C:'drncr~ 7n1!.-h bnll ¡¡¡ill Sin Modd D·l0·3 IO-Íl •• t(rcbs cydoncr Eighteen 66·;n. r-Dllcr[lI'Gíl ~lo¡'D¡jofl c~IlG ¡¡rr¡¡n¡;ucl In:l ¡'O\,JG or- G c01ln QCC~ C~""dion .'\IlÍD·C~dm(jI'~ II'PC, 5R!, 10·1 ... t~iling~ pump3
- lG -
REPRESENTACION TIPICA DE EQUIPOS EN FLOW SHEET.
A, V, R, etc.
F D
AGITADOR PACHUCA
A, V, R, etc.
F _.-l- D
(ABt~~~~"CERRADO) F
,. R --...--__ ~_l"_ '------, ---.. R
L~ j , • D
ESPESAOOR
F __ I O O O O _.T
-. C
CELDAS DE FLOTACION
F ----<;.=J-- D
HOI-1LlA e En T!d j··U (¡ A
_D
F
FILTRO DE ARENA O CARBON
f r ___ /"--CS FT -'----C ---,.
FILTRO DE BANDEJA
r.- D
-- ...... ---TR
R R
F
COLm1NAS DE INTERCA11BIO IOIUCO
UNIDAD M-S PARA EXTRACCION POR SOLVENTES
il.LIl J,::1. ']'i,1)01< VI; ;;-i, .'1'(;::] l.:
F~. OF
.. yUF HIDlWCICLC1!
CAL lUI 'l'UL'J A
= 17 =
CORREA .A.Lli .EI1TADORA
STOCK PILt\
CHANCADOR sn:ONS COIW SEOH'l' Jl~AD
'\7 , I
C,~ ,U
CHld::GADOR GYRJ\DISC
CHANCADOR GIRATORIO
-=q-- -
~ H01I1lO DE BJum~~S t
hOLniO lE BOLÁS
rV'L');; a ¡""L 'L' L U I.t '::-:>_:J
:-'==== fi,~'[Hr tUL UJ! [;{I!;;, f¡ v.:: ¿~ P. f; (iJo IJU1~ rrJJ LfJ, s
= 19 =
(3)1' ,':ifr.rt. 1'. W."ifU'~~C{E, ChOc¡1 'iic;cl¡¡¡r¡úcc;U ognéaf', PtI!O!Í!ÚlTDpj IDG:/plrQ)I<\'mr:;;IJDu, \fif:f,C:;Ii'$ FWIo~,,",H\: !P~')'., Hd., !?Údt"'1¡(~lTId, Vkvodcs, !~Msii?l!:iEDi:J.
'-"Thq,- foll()\vin~ [onu'lilai wrre dcn!· opcd by Mr. Warnelu' during- his Ion," nssoC'intion not only with f)l'sig-n nlld rll""l~lIrtillll, hlll nlso ",il h 11,,· "I'I'rn· tion of ()r~ rlressin," -- ),Iants. Th('Sl' [ormulaR WCf(' !:('nt lO \I!: b)' ~lr. Warneke lor puhlication in lh!' hope that they would pro\'(' <of "nlut& 1(1 othe~ in the ore drNIH¡n," indu!<1 ry.
I?'fI!1BrF" <ef:'lkIJ.llICl~'¡~[f¡]S
W-Tons oí solids Jlcr 24 hours. R-Ratio ol wei¡::hes: solution Isolids, V-Rntio of \'ol\ll1'le~: ~olulion;,olid",
, L-S/>ccilic s:rn\'iq', $Ollllioll. P-Specilie ~ravi[y. pu~p. S--Specilic gravit)', solios.
L=
p=
$pccillc Gravlry Dclail,
PRS S (R + 1) - P
R+l LS<R+I) R -i-!- - RS + L L S
PL s = L (R + 1) - PIt
Pulp 0,,1011, by W"\!Jhl
Weight of Solulion L (S - Pl R = Weight of Solids = SCP - Ü
lOOR LrS-Pl % Solution = R + 1= 100-p (5 _ Ll
~_ loaS (P - Ll % 501id5 = R + l - P (S - L)
[!GQ,\,rc;:¡l!OOI?i
To e~limnle rhe number {lf ('el" rf.'· quired Cor a /l0[3Iioo operarion io whieh: W-Tons of solids per 2·i hour~. H-Ratio hy weir.ht: solutionholids, L-Spccilie gra"iry. solutÍon. S--Spccir.c I:rrl\'ir)', ,oli.! ... N-Numbcr of cells rcquirecl. T-Contacc time in minutcs. C-Volume oC ea eh cel! in eu. ft.
lone Tona oU SoUch:
WXT(R 1\ N = 40 X c '\ r + S ¡
w X T iR 1), N= 45XC,\r+S)!
In ¡he nhoye formulas, no nl!ownnee is madc for the degrce of aeratio.n of Ihe pulp nor lhe decrcase in the "olume of
, ,~r.mc, durinA Ihe (lolRlion opcralÍorH.
~:(;)ndi~ioi1ing 01' Dissoh"iU19 '1'0 e~rimalc the ,"olume of lhe lank ur
group of r .. nks. rcC(nirecl {or Ihe condi· ,ioninl~ of 1'1 l,ulJ> lor notalÍon. (Ir fur the
clissol vinE: of certain solids as contained in a pulp of which: \V-1'on< uf s(llíd~ per 24 hours. l<-){nlio by weis:hts: ~olution/solids. L-Specific l'rayit)'. solution. S-Spccifie ¡!ravity, solids. T-Contaet lime in minutes. C-Volume of the lank in eu. fr.
LOR9 Tono, 01 SolidO!
c- \\7 ~(~+..!.) - 40 L S'
Shod 10"0) o~ ZolldJl!
e = \\1 >( T (~ + 2) 45 . l. S
r ulp ühOeke~¡llíIg 1'0 estima'e the /low oI clcnr soluuon
in ¡;aIlotls per minurc fro.rn n thickcning o;)eration in which: w-Ton~ o( solids per 24 hours. L--Specific grayity of solution. R-Rario by \\'('ight. Solulion Isolids in
original pulpo R,-Ratio by weight, solu[ion/solids in
thickcner discharge or [!Iler cake.
Long 10no 01 Solldt'
Imp. Aallons of solulion per mln. 7 W -X .. -(R-R,) 45 L
u. S. gallons of 50lution per mino H \\7 ' 75 X T(H -R,)
Shor! Ton. of Solid;,
Imp. ¡;.llJons of solution per mino < \);'
, ..(,. :< .),- m·- n,) .'\' ...
U. S. galloos of solution per min. I \'í1
- X-(}{-·IU (i I.
Simple Clo55I1'ica~¡oi'D 1'0 estimatc the circulating loacl in and
(hc "mcil'nry of a classifier operadng in clQ~cd cireui[ wi(h a ball milI.
T r
A
x \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ B
Originnl f('ctl Olny he !'P¡,li2cl m S~t~ ball mill or the classifier.
T - Tons of ori~inal feed. X-Circulation factor. A-% of minus designated si;;:e ¡n ~e~d. D-% oE minus desil'nated sbe in c·:!~¡·-
flo"". C-% oE minus designated sia:e en s¡;nds.
Circulating load = XT. B-A
Where X= A-e
Classifi ee efficiency:
100 B (A - C) A (·B ..... e)
[.~) Iíúi ¡~'~,Iwrí~ f1!J iI':~!§ISS ¡v5eélJ~'ol§,rru
To estimnte the circulnt!og ~oEcls io and the efficieney o( each of the i:'¡;o,ro classifiers operntin¡; in closcd e:il'cll!it'w1t!:l n hnll mili:
T 1
E
y 1111111111"'" D
Original leed may be Bpplied at the hall /01il1 or the primary dsssilier.
T ----'Ton5' oC original Eeed. X-Priml'lry circulation {actor. ' y -Seeondary circulation factor. A--% oE minU5 designated sh:c in {e·ad. B--% oí mjnus dcsignoted Ji:;:e nn pri-
mar}' over/lo"". C-% oC minus design:aed .ize in pri
mnry snnds.' D-% of minU5 designate& size in sec·
onunry overflow. E-'J[, of minU5 clc,ignuted ~h:" ir¡ seco
ondal")' sands.
Primar)' Cireulating load = XT.
(8- A) (D - ]E) W1jere X = (A _ C) (B _ E)
Primnl'y CJ¡milier JEfficiel1cy:
B (A - C) 100 A (D _ e)
Sccondary Circulating Load = YT.
. (D=D) Where y = (B _ E)
. f" Se(X.lndary Classifier Efficieri.9':
D(il~E)
100 B (D _ E)
To,nl elrculalÍng Load á -1- ;ir) .
Ull clr:j~i~.:·:i:,:· :.; :.~'~j"i~t!':'~" :."': :~:-:":'::: :.:, .... ~.":',~ .';:: (~!:.::;¡ü'·.:h~:;1 r: ~. ~!n :¡~o:lno (:-. ;~·oJ.'> .. ¡ V !liflC;U:':.) {'iJ m ". tc:rI :-: J I
l!H",,!n:'!~!~. ' -:':!:;I:. ~ " ' : . :';.~: :~~~;~. ~.': ~:.~; :~ : -::: í:._~. ::_ ~ ~ ;\: !;,' :·z.:: ,':1 ¡.v;llnn ;Kr:: l!I\~ : ¡' ::t:~tclún ,~ . .c;1 ... clon.::1 L;"; se;. " :'f.~. :-;: '.:.;t,,:-.• :.!í.!': u(~: j'::" :·~;;-~:.!l:·.::t ./o e: c;·:;;ir.: ,:;~:110 ::; ~a~:.L~ : ! :: ~ cí':; ,~ : .~ '. n .". (!U:: :,:~ cr~'~~~ : ::i iTIo.JInc:
.1:; bol::t 1) !:: ":>:'~>:::'~!(: : : <:: ~:: :r:: {;!:·:';'.~!~¡I::'" :~~_: : .~. :;:c:)"n:t.;J~;1 (: , ~ ronT..: ~1~uknZ(; r:l ~on('l;J; eL: r,lim':Jnt,:<
CIÓ n ori!,:in::l ::1 ;~~~::J¡n ~: :: : : : -~!:;:.
ru~sto t;V:1 ;:": dl:·~~:·. :·I'?::~:-: ~ ~ r: ~:>:'¡'~~.:,:: :::ti.~'. ~: ~'. ;~:::'::~ : .:::,: t.:; (: ,~. !ric:;{.:;:, ~, L: : ·.j~:;rt.:: C ::I~;, jr.lr:'I::,~~t.!'"'·IL'~·n:;;: :'·n.~. 11¡:,~~~1 ;;:, .. }. ,lo: ca:) ~jj:";f:;~t:·: )j·t:~:~:-: ,~c:: ~~·· e:" i:'L: .. r [; l.ú!¡t;~t. ~:: : cl.k;ül0 (.;~. I: ~ ~,o90rl..ió¡¡ ci : ~ .~:.: rr~· : ... - '-' .~ _ ... - ... ~
\¡jrw (;1'1 une ~t!li.\f.dc C;oJ (.:..: ;:;..~I,C;;:~ (Í,:; y ,d:r.
;;1 ¿iCigrCW1tl ,,¿junio ¡O pro;;. zunlo la elisIlozici6n u~uol :loEi~icoC:or:molino, ~n lo C!U(: k:n::;:moci ;: =lon::.lajo C:o mi;"J,ol 01
11"\0lino O=lonolojc elo minorol on
01 r:;bols.;¡ S =lonolejCi do orono M = ¡onolejo elo minvrel on
,lo elcscoreo cbl inolino y D:, Do '1 Dm ron 10(, pro· porcionen de líquido' o 161i. elo en le erol'lO, ((¡balto y 01;l7Ionloci6n elol clasificador, (jn 101 s>unlon dando selon ° (¡nlron C! ~Z¡J último (°clcanoie puntOl ele mUGstr(¡o).
Oo-Dm ~u~go lti ):-::Jpbn:i6n do carpo r.irculontc = ---
Om-Ds (S)
OO-Dlll 'V el ~Ol\doi8 ck <:or(30 cin::l!lonlc=F---
Dm-Os (9)
'1 I
r:¡:mplO: IJ" ;: .. ~In~ c., <:¡ ·':r.·~IIO Cc:'I"I"L-:1o Gan ca clrc~i"~'.'1$or ,("ti;:" 3t:l0 lo",lt<k~ (';=1 do mlro,.:1 crudo j p·07 c;it; V !tl,~ , u7c::11tr:l::·:, t: :: c.ól:t!~ t:~n rc-:'.!!".:1:~!'rr.\':,,"c~ ~S. ~O V J'::~\ -':" i1 el rr:;'b;'f~ óo( cI~~iflct<1Of V [:rr:-'i\C .... ~ "Quivr:! ';ni:) :: ::-:tJ:::r.4:f:::j"cz."(~-=· L:f ~;'." :.0, 1.0 V O .• tr~ (!lO.r Ir- QÓ,i'"ri"UI.~ G). :::ntCr\c~ Iv !'roporc1ontl de le I
,:",~,:: cim!kn~c~ 0":: Ifl.d e:
:i-1.00 ----- {; 2.';' (ti 2<;7';(,) ~.OC!')-_~~
',1 h,j~.:: miz ~)t:CC¡~~ ~:: 7.:· :::::.:C'Jt,:í" e .. : ie~:]tr}~ :; n W'l t;irctd¡o (1 . .1 co"'\cJj..;nd.:; :,:~. el ::::1tIi1il Ó:1 tcmil.:J::'. LM
"t\.t O\tf (."1. ~~ I~ ~':lCt.r[~ ( ':2 r,1:C~lno • . '";¡ Jnr: C:'':: 7:]'io-rH:) V r(;~¿::I~.J c.!nl clf:!igictdc1 ~0-1'1 ri~dld~s !lor lr.mll \' 10:,
.q ,·nr.I¡('<;' .:cumu1.:Itt.·j·Z %-~;.,;JC\ll<:n ~.:n lJui:,:. :-."1,'-:";:\.
tí = !'oic'::'ntr:!J z:t:ur,~;!r.~it'vo :"1 ~U .·.ICj:'I~:.;· j',l: : I1:~ ::-,~I :r: c;:z:.::;;.':-: G' ;-: í'i1c!b~.\
() ::: !lor¡::'nl'J: (~~\J¡'l-dI·. tJlvo eH 1,'; í,\t.:.r'-h"', "Ll1(; :":;1 ,~. ¡ ~l¡( : 12 ~~" (' : :1 ~~lc;.:mr .. --:ir~" s = ·,-on;:ntL!·:,~!:um .. ~r.títllO :: n 1:-: mb',i :, !'.1~.!L ';';'1 1- i".í":: n .~ ('-: ! c!: :.~lrl·r. ,,:: -::io·;
¿-f1
O -.; t:C;IC': ~,; ! :rt:l,~ :;.~ ~.d:,-: ( : l O :;:.i{'jccc.'.::r .t::.., .: :'\-~ Lf C1<;¡~I~~!t' -------; .. ,f¡(,. .. ;., s~ %Cvm. "" ~Cum
+ -6 <2 .3 1 2 .+ !S 15.3 57G 66 7 6 +':,J 9 .5 67 I 9~ 172 + l~J 5.7 120 102 27 4 +2.:0 G. I 709 I J.j 19 o -2:0 21 I 1302
Apliic..1 e>do le 1Ó''''1110 " -200, p'opo,ci6n =
(".~
557 1 G 2 c;lG
'. ~ ~ I
Il 2
'2.0-27.G O1.,-n.;¡
~1.1 J.JO 2
O.~-21.1
'l,Cu",.
7~ C)
Oi 5 6'/ .1 91.0
n 2.ro
'''; ' )¡'
P,~ciio ~LQ.ti. Si cf lonch·a clao tlim"Jnt¡,e~n dicri;~I: 'm;lino C:.i rJ·:: :?OO tonoltd r.:l. (jI to-n::Jlt·jú d3 trene. C~ ontOl'C:', SOS tondtdG'.
Cúlo.tlo ~G !:,flci :: :"e1::-:: t.: ::.~ cl~\ic;.:::dC)r
LL ~ficiortCl(; (Í;:; un clulVicc:or {I;.) pu-:,·cjo tL:~~:::n C:·:t~, r"',1inL·r p:t)1' fiI.:,olo d: cn(~Jbl r, d~ ttml::¿]:; '1 :3~ :,c. do·
rinido como Ir. !lroporcí6n, ~!!pT""::'1.Qd r en p...-:rc.:;;f'\tcjJ. dol P',:: . ...:.O d~:I rntt::rirJ clr...:>i1Ic :::do .:m ,';1 r j llclKl, con re.:.>
".;<10 l:I ;!:.""z,o óol m,~t.:' ritl c:.simc~:::: en le rJim;:n,ceión. ::1 r·.}b.~, ltC ~.J,'j tI.:n·') Ir. f'i\iJrtv.; !lT\.t.:b.':. (1"_! ttmdiQJ qua le cliri·t~ntl:t:ión, f\O tlO ~n$ilder(¡ 1í1,::t.:.;r.t;J clr..;Hiccdo.
Su~~mu:; que:
g :: r.:o;o,:'n~:!.:: (let "'i1.Dtr.,Jri,~1 ( .. ~ te. c'ir."t::,nt[;tiÜfl dd ckJIfl!;t::a,o~ rnb .1no ~U" j 1[, ril:Jk do {,-':J;>:.'rc:íltn o = p-orc:.:nt:~,: d::i I'i\..:~c::ntl en .:-1 "':Í)drD r,'t';,J ilno O,L!:.:o le ri\.::IIc C:'J 7'':P.:.rc06l1 :: c: ton .... ;I :-; j :: eh (h':t'jr1t t -c¡ón el d D Hiecdor
O = tO'ndci~ CÍ(: rc::.cb·:: dd c1uifit1~C7
;:nIOSlc-,"\l 1.::1 dici::.nCK!, :: = 10,000 º l( _ctJ__ (11: f- I(IOO-~;
Lo 'ó:-(,"\\.I'[; mt$ ':.:,nc-Jlc V !in umbc:;r90 h"\t:J ::r:1:.:1.-: !)ti'",:" 1(: d:ri::r.d.,:: t:."J un C':'Ci:-;20. irnor::'nC:o 1[; cr.ltcicd d:::l producto ::; '~:
i\.: O
MILI. FORMULAS
Scrcc-n ana:ysl$ 01 pmducts: X C'quals IcnS c!as!.lfier s,.1rxfs
T et::;ah tens ori¡;lnai feed O ecuals 'ro -200 t.'csh in mill dis.:h2rge ~ ~Is C"~ .200 Vesh in c1assirler overflow
I ,,,.1
I
:
S ec·.:als e; -200 Mesh in clas'iifi,:r sands If sC:rcc" anc'Jlyses are dccur:Jte any other me!'" iT'I ... .,. be .... s~. n, b~!ter. 5·,lv-: fo( SI':'lcrJI m!shes and ['~t
~Vera~'1 fig:urc. b:tr~ctt01'1 from ;:ssayS of He3ds. Concenlr.:;les and T,¡:lIr'l;~ ~Jlio ef Concenlr.¡Jtio..,.
E - .IH. 1"] .100 C. R -=-~ _. (e • T, H rI . T
AIT'.ount 01 Re.gonl u",d: ___ c,,,.,,,/M;n. = !f ,'T<ln 01 Ore . 315. ''''''per 2' hr,
¡vllLL Wt\TER REQUIREMEHT5 WATER FACTS
Cyanidc Cir-cvih . . .... 1.. 3 Tc"'~ per fon ore 1 Cal. V/afer tC'Jal~ 8 33= cfjt..!c1t!i 3.7~5 liters
Flol."Jtion Cjrcuits ............. 3· 5 To"s per ton orr:; Tl.b'e Circuirs _.5 ~ 7 Tcns pcr tC"O Ofe>
JIC mel Tobl~ Cire";ll ..... 6.10 Ten, per Ion ore Tt.bl~ cnd Arn~ICllm::tion .
d ~~r~ujt,» •........•............ 8. 12 Tcnsper tonort
- VJP.TER tH PIPES (Gdlo"n p(;r M¡nu~c)
Nomin.:1 o¡~. 01 P;pe. D= P;.e DiD. D .1611. per $.GC. ~)::(imum
~\ ~.~
31"> 8.2
I Ton 'water eq'Jals 2&0 g¿ds ~O~.lh 905.49 "'~ri I CI.J. F,. 'rYilfer ~qu.3l!l :-.4S gallcns
1 V~ IY, 1 211, ! 5 , lJ.6 2.1 JJ 55 91 130 2'j1 365
at Ij fr. per !lee. n-orm-DI 2~ 55 9 ~ 15 22 39 61 A1 156 245
PUlP CAlCU!..ATiONS w Wz Wp
cqulJls wcigh~ 01 [) Gi\'en volumr: o~ wnter CCl,,~I. woighl 01 tn c<1uLl 'JOlum'l 01 dry :olid~ cc¡u<'ll. wOlghl 01 cr. cqtJ,1 volu,"~ 01 pulp. Cf ¡,,¡
w,;¡tI;na ;oliel~ lo mokc ",,"Ier le.,,,, "q •. d cqU..jls ~pceilic ~r.!l';1it}· 01 tolid:l CClu"'~ sptelfic e.w.-ity 01 pulp Cp· 1 Cubi: FI. cc¡u<'llz pcrconl' 01 roJleló In pulp W. = C.w -C....-:-r por Ion
'--32.038 - -:c¡;-
S, _ 100 Gp. 1 n Cn 7on~ 01 dry ¡clid-~ por fool c):-pth fo< ._ O·lep·! le. - - 'C •• l ·t~- rou"d Itnl:llo¡di:mQlcr. O(in~~.:.t:: _____ JO_.a IC_'·:_, _____ _
. TIlMPl!RAYURl! Cs:-;;Icrock-Th.c frco¡;!n¡¡ poln) o~ ",í;t¡Jr'l¡ O°.
Th" boo;linC polnl 01 ,-,Olor ID lOO". Tho Ce,," il~.nc¡'') ,cDlo In dlvid0d lnlo 100 Gqunl de
n ~Jr~o~) br~twcr:., thana p:otntr.. . . . .:~. .... .,,-./ . _·;-;:lrc •• '~:::.-!;·_ TI,.:' rl'"Q~tJnr.~ pt;)in~ o~ vJticr 1:.> 3~.
rh;:, ~lInn rmln~ añ',ol,"r in 312<. TIlO Fow.-. ~~·;.l~"·:-?.j ~'-C{.ro in óh. .. fck¿ Into '00 LqW' dq~r¿G-J ::.i"\':-:~:;::"~ thG~.:: p-oln:1J.. Th~1 :!~-m.:' iltGddhl:~ ~.I3.Q"t"':J :,t: bef",·;.> 1-.:, ur,}(] rr:.6 \!"_.h:::,..~ lampar['.
Ihej' /J¡¡uro ¡"i S i~ dh,'d~ ~y 9. To w",-,,:.I Ccnli¡¡rúdo inte Fr.f',rcnh·cil muw::>r,. dcareo by 9 Dnd d'vlde, Ir, ", Ih·'n ndd 32.·
~ ._-_ ... 'i. /--..;;:;:
¡! At:I~. t"OPn)":I. SUR Fl,cr SUP.FACE 1~~1p1~~ \··1~r NUMSE:t NUMBr~ AREA 'MEA pr~ r .. p"" E.c<h \ c... F •. T"" Y;~IT
• 51;! VOLUME • 0'..:1.. 1In!.-:"'.,., (ev. '"J
WEICHT (r:l'l.l~··w;b, Eo~h C..,.. ):"v. r"" 1s.,.In.1 IX¡.ln.1 ISq. FI.I SWt,t""(!
14 .... 75 377.0 5506 196.1 07\6
~ Lr:nrp'" ~:t.l ~ch 1-~I---x~!~J~--~9~4~.2~--~2~7~-·--~~-----~--·_~~~-~~~~-~~~-~~~
9.3 48 471.2 ~40~ . 156.9 .0891 65 33 5655 3671 130.7 .106\
!\l.ixIJ 147.3 42 . 1 l/: ~ 10 212.1 60
2 ~ la 377.0 107 3.7 19 75~.0 2753 98.0 .H19 2\'2 x la 5S9.0 167 2.3 I~ 942.5 2202 78.4 1772
'3 x 1~ 8482 2.\0 1.6 8 .1131.0 1835 65,4 2122 3V'Xl1 115.\.5 32; 1.2 6 1319.5 1573 56.0 247a 4 n 10 1507.9 427 0.9 S 1508.0 1376 /,9.0 .2832 5 x 10 2356.2 669 0.6 J 1885.0 1101 39.2 3544
,,/
} . FORem st~;:L GRIi'-!DINc BA.U .. S (f-lf:\);n . ' . '/ . I SVRFACO SUAFACe W!IO-IT ¡
! l.
I I
SIH VO'.UME NV';9E~ ~ítJl.iBER ~UNOs WEIQ-IT ~.J<FJ'd ARE.r\ Hit AAF.A ~r~ p,~
'C:~IT'CI~' EACH PE~ ¡'\CH rO' PN AREA. VCH Co. F •• TON \.l~fT 1.-Q.~Li Cu. In. Cu:¡:r. CP.-,v'¿,) C.,. FI. T"" 1Sq, r", IX¡. 1,,1 )X¡. FU Su HACE
~~ 065 280 .01;> 15099 10785: .79 IISSIUl 588.2.\ .OH % .221 no .063 .tl7.1 31956 \.77 7905.9 392.16 .036 ?-1J .J5\ 280 .099 2317 . 20124 2.J\ . 6776.5 336.13 Q41
1 .52.\ 280 .1.!8 1887 130181 3.14 5929.4 29·!.12 .047 , I ~1 1.023 280 .290 966 6902 .1.91 ,1743.S 235.21' .059 '" 1\".i 1.767 280 .501 559 399<1 7 07 39S2.~ A 196.08 .071 _ll.~ 2.BOti 280 .. 795 ~ 352 2515 9.61 3388.2 ' j88.07 .cal
2 4.169 28J 1.187 236 1685 12.57 296~.7 ,;7.06 .094 '2~ 8.ISl 28J 2.318 12\ G63 19.64 23nS 117.65 .1 i8
3 14.137 280 4.006 70 499 2S.27 1976.5 99.04 .1·12 H".! 22.<!49 2BO 6.361 44 314 33,48 1694.1 S4.03 .1-ó5 4 33.510 280 9.495 29 211 5027 1482.4 73.53 .189 ¿~ 47.713 280 13519 21 1~18 63.62 1317 b tl5.36 .212 5 65,450 280 18.544 15 ICS 78.54 1185.9 58.82 .236
9,1I )t • Y. c· )t!V 'j 'Á!v C!o. "':Vt. En. .,~'t't:l eolIO. W'.IYni-t $urbc-o o, Totcl 'J n t CCOO
No. Qclb
. :;J bello..
2.318 .\.006 6.361 9.'195
19.64 28.27 38.48 50.27
/
"./.
. ¡¡ ¡¡
.1'12
.165
.18~
.61.:1
Wc r<:<:or,v;lOnd grinding 'oo. h~vlnr. IIx 101· bwlnf. tPPn:Jnlm¿¡l<1 !l¡:X,;ificnli.",,,
C1rbc;-¡¡,
¡"'tna(n~~.J . Surp~,w,:
.85· 1.00%
.(¡o· .90
.05 M~"
.04 M~"
¡~.~ 34S6 23.1 .:l158 26.!l L18'11 30.0 55·)·1
100.0 1 !lOo{¡
¡j9i 1038 761 5S-C
3íl7J
:'3.5 2~.8 t~.t;· !5.t
100.0
I<ml~ oro (<:¡ 1J1] ,.;i;¡. ,011(4. ¡;,,~ ::uiw~cl o. ~~,~.& WlU1 ~~tjMdtlrd i-u'Qr,'~hC(" c~ m::¡:nfnu ~,~rd~hicnc~
V!Jo h¿'.'.J 1'6u;,,¿1 ¡h~l' ú t,~~tl biCdc o~ í.)r¡;;(;~ nl'~d (~rIMdlnc t,.r!II~¡1;). dJn(?;ll\' r.-,~~" 2m:;:~:'.) b ~ U~r] ''-';dtf, CUí rv1tJ'-1"I t'o~c c.t¡a:h·.:rÜc D(~lJ r.-:fiG
.:i.J7í..::_C~~ ?:-!~'" ¡.: ... :- 1.:'ro F:n" b minu-; $in;? ~r, r.; •. _-~ ... _(¡. I (i co ... -o:'Crt Ctcgrccz r-:::h,c-nh,,; ,:~~¡~ C''n .. qrold. .... iu-'~~'.xt 32. ,he" mulliplV
nO[1Ur;l",J f,(U,Jc.-Thc- frc:n.lhC ~o¡n" oU wf.'lt~" fe OOJ. ThG boiHnG t=t.lill~· o~ wctrlr r~ 80:. TI,,:) R0.,~-¡'\'tr sedo I~. 1:lb¡dccl Into 90 cQunl d··.· f!rC;:'t\ bC~'w:ar'l thc·ú f.itllr~H.'. To co:rnrcrt F.":h7~ c-n:,cil' ¡nto R·11.U",",'· ru(¡ir.ocl 32 tr.-tl mUlri 1"01 1>-; ~ ~"CJ ellyl.!:] b, 9. To CO""'"" <:;,, Ji· erzdc ;nlO Ro,,,",ur mullíply by ~/5. ... -',
. ._-- ~ .-" . -:-?" ~:. .. . " . I"""sp!-torou~ S-!IIccm .10 M~"
N 1-'
= 22 C>
The basic Bond equaríon IS:
Wllcrt::
lOWi \v = [ ---(pll2
Wi Work InJex P the size in mlerons that 80% of the proJ u( t
pJS~t:\
¡; the 80% pa~SIIl¡': (en! ,IZt:. IlllcrUll~
\X' grinJing-powcr rcquirement, hp-hr/shon ton
proviJn J q ulck WJy o( t:,tim.ll i n:,: (ht:
KO';" pJssing fecJ or product sizc. bJsed on ;¡ g('l1cr;¡]
kllowkdt:e of the size of the m3teri31.
Material Slze 80% Passlnll EqUivalen!
9~% f'.)~!:d"Y I UI rl . rv'lcron, (1"1% ur f 1'1"1
1· /, in. 25,000 1 :,(lU
1 In. 18,000 134 O , . .'J. In. 12,OUO 109 5 /'1 in. 8,GOO 92.2
3/8 in. 6,000 77.4
3 mesh 4.700 64 H
4 mesh 3,000 54.d
6 mesh 2.100 4J 8
8 mesh 1.500 38.7 10 mesh 1,000 31 6
14 mesh 800 28 3
20 mesh 500 23.4
28 mesh 400 20 (J
35 mesh 270 164
48 mesh 150 12 2~ 65 mesh 105 10 25
100 mesh 72 RAíl
150 mesh 55 7.42
200 mesh 36 6.0 325 mesh 20 {47
Convcrting Malerlal Sizes for Use in Bond Equalion
;:¡
-~
:r ~ ~.
o
~
"" ~ ~
:;,
Correlating Grinding Horsepower wi'lh Sixe
o lQ--;,------¡-----.---·- - . .-- .. I
! 0.21 -t-----i
1----t----t----+---_-.-':
I ----- ¡ 010------~i:-- I ~p~ r~~I~. /--]
I ~v L--:~,-~/~ I
,/~ I \.\~?~- I
-;lt' %/~
O 11- '~.,/L~t----+----}---~. :? V',,,,, I
¡.//i' ~ I
O 10-~tiL-,----+----+----1----
~I ~ I
O O~ - -t---f----- ti nr IlI<lu.", L'nc,,[ cnd G"nd,n~ I!.cdoc.---!
ro O D
-{--''----+,---.!---- --~ '" I ' 0.1 0.2 0.3 O.G O.fI
AGAASlOr: I1.!D[)¡. tli
Metal Loss in '!Vet Grinding O!,37Eiiol1!\
23
«:;~o~'c(jI::JJ~' ::"¡~:c;:l r:pcco Js eh!:' ,oi:1~ [:i' t:.,':,;eh ,:r)ut:"i~'1Jr.:" .:n(J r::i::'tfi~;1 JrHt:co;. .,(tinJ~
. ;í~ nI :~ln:·i!:~~.:2;;;~·i,clc :~ . .;:.'i.~~J:¡:I~.~:'~ '~hc .!:..~~~i.I Ii~H~~' or-:.r·Ci c~ch O;'h~i' ~í' h~COíhC :2quüI. T!lC -tW.i1t!lt :tG::O ::: ~;:';~1:~.d;'2~·:¡¡[; :::'l(lc:11 ~;;)C'cd 13 ghOt-J:'l úi: ~'h~ f~i'tÍ:>,1 !Jolo'''J,
MILL ,RPiVl.
,,~oo
FECr P[R iVí i NlJ' Cf: '!'!,::... :·.bl.a·....; .:~:'¡~;J~: ;:Jí·ot1id~: ~(,dph.Jr¡ji fol'...I'Jd:: (.0;' vr.dour ;·"ill
;:;1: .... )·_I~::ií·.:. :;~.I:.;:·l ~.;)J:,¡d., ¿.'le. ~."I:!l:t:uicd 011 :-ho !j\ddc dicm~;'o~'
:ú ~;I:;\' :;:¡:¡,~.
j00
Mili Si:c Ola b, L~ng!h (Fec!.
32 34 3Y2x4
3h x ~
43SD
"'5 SO 43 45
54SD 56SD 54 56 65 SD 67SD 65 /.>7 75 77 86 88 97 99 10 x 111
10 x 14
1 1 x 1 ~ 1 1 x 14
12 x 12 J:;> " 14
Ap~ro~. A 5. ~-ó \V:;ighl 2 ¡¡II
W le Balls::"!,-¡r~:: Pounds :To,",s)
l~..,c. HP
¡vi i 11 RPM
ID. Sh~JI
Inches
4,800 5,900 6,300 7,BOO 9,700
.93 ... _~. 6~ _ .. 'ja-:-r- ') ¡'~í2
11,700
14,750
17,500 18,600
22,000. 24,800 28,400 25,500 29,500 48,500 54,500 52,000 59,900 74,100 79,500
112,60CJ
123,300 142.000 161,500
215,500
269,000 280,300 326,700 340,900
397".800
1.·-;0 9 38.1 31lrí .32
1.58 2.12 3. '8 2.0 3.37 2. :8 lÍ.19
4.26 6.36 4. ?7 7. ¿Jo
8 57 : 1. '97
'}.:3 2 · 3. ':4 · 2.~ 1
7.::' ~ · 9.·~Cl
;5./.~
:8 'O :6.:') : 3. J:J ; I.~ J ; 1.=0
éJ.;J ES.50 C;9.70
6 12 17
24 17
28
22 38 38 57 47 71 90
128 1 :)0
1~2
10 2}0 233 30a 4~)0
5i5 7;5 975
! C4C ¡220 D 305, [ 520
34 3 34 3 33.6 33.6 312
31.2
29.9 29.9
28.5 28.5 26.8 268 24 7
24.7 2l 1
24 1 21.8
:' i .. J
2 ¡.O
20 o YI o 1:. ')
179 ~:- 2 17.2 16.0 16 O
38 30 42 3 ~
42 Ji, 48 4S 53 3,'';
53=,. 60 60 64 ~í 6Hí 76 76 79 79 ~ ¡
91 102 102 114 1 14
12!l
1:23 13E 1;;8 150 150
Mill ,:EED i ,~ .. Volur'1e GRlr'.ID :W mc,h
(Cu. o.' .')00 35 . .\0 Ft.l ,J. -
¡Vlcsh
14.7
22·1 13.0 26.0 ',3.6 504 32. !
535 409 682 67.5
101.0 78.8
118.0 136.0 190 O 148 J 207.0 197.0 276:) 302 ;) 4030 4·16 ('. 572 ') 846 e
1137 o ! 140 ') 1330 o • 1357.0 1583.0
14
21
15
29 44
63 44 72 6.\
106 115 171 145 217-295 ¿lO
335 -160 510 700 885
1150 1450 lE25 2960 3950 405 5150 5725 6650
):, . 35 i11..::sh
45 55
11 17
12 2'; 36
52 37
61
53 86 95
141 120 180 24$ 340 275 385 425 590 735 960
1200 1500 21,50 3270 3660 4250 4750 5500
,1. ., .~
.to B mesh 55·65
9 14 10 19
30 43
31 51 45 75 81
120 102 153 205 285 235 325 360 500 625 825
1020 1300 2100 2800 3130 3650 4070 4700
s 12 8
16
2" 35 25 .\1
36 60 65 o., " 82
123 167
230 190 260 290 ¿OO 500
660 :J1S
:¡O¿5 11700 #.270 ::2530 22~",0
329': 3800
JO mesh 75·82
6 Ya 10
6 Ya 13
19
27 19 31
28 ~6
so 74
63 94
128 175 150 205 2:5 315 390 510 635 80~
1325 1770 1955 2300 2570 2980
JIo .. 100 mes:'
82·88
5 7
5 10 15 21 15 25
22 36 40
60 51 76
103 143 117 160 180 250 310 410 505 MO
1050 1400 .. 1570 1825
2035\ 2360
V:~ Vo" 1 SO ¡-,,-,"s!; 200 mesh
38·95 95·98
12 17
12 20 113 30
32 48 41 61 83
116 95
130 11\5 202 250 330 -Hu 520 850
3
" 3 6
-~Q
14 10 16 14 22 25 37
32 48 65
90 73
100 113 157 195
255 315 400 655 375 975
==--'--=-0-=-~=-=-'=========== ~ .... :.
1135 1270 1480 1650 1920
1135
1275 1475
The aboye iables lis! sorne d the most common Ml",,'r.,sraie Discharge 8all Mili !>izes. CapaciHes .Jre based on meuium hard me wi\'h r.,:;~:oe¡-.a¡·ing in closed circui~ undci wet grinding conditions al speeds indic.a1cd. :::>r::::ry gnnóing. spezds are reduced and capat.:ities drop between 30% to 50%.
~v?rllow on~~iiTc~ ~hr)(1 Ton~ Por ~.4 Hr IJ ~~) l'
.(J.{l Shf'l~v t(l(lo(1 , Ve· :t~. ~.. \..... =-.r:. r,ho "... V~' C;FI'1!""fl I "Hnll~) t'''(,lo/v1 :'(\ I.~" ... h J!", •• ~,.t;t¡ ·~n MI't~¡h ()~ M,'"'' 1\0 M"l.h 100 Mo::h 150 ~./iC-!I;' 200 :'¡'ouh
frf>1 C"·fI.·~(I()M(".11 J~,4:l .1~t..:!>~\ !l~·li~l C~1.7~ 7~,02 8i1·011 o,,·n~ 95·90 __ ~'!t .. ~ 27D 22~ nl3 1r,~ 1?O . ~O 1ft 52
6V" 1, J75---j~T65---2i:;---,'j-, ---,3"4---,éi¡t----65· --G·,~~10 ÚÜ---3nO---:l30 no 215 ~-~-·-IOU" - -7\" 9 65fi---5~,ñ---;¡ 70 3ea 300 2/,0 194 152 __ !\.'; t" ~é~ s;r: ~1C t,::· JF:5 295 240 '86
7",',:,- "._ 7;'-. [:...: :;!,.r... !.3') ).!.: 200 :-¿z)
--ay,. 11 1.<20 1,010 870 710 550 440 355 280 ~'" , 12 1 ,.~4_0 __ '.JP_O 950 770 . ¡;OO 480 390 305 a",." li,roY ___ ',?Q_O 1,110 noo 70~_5.!!0 455 3sS 9',,: • 11 1 ,.~º----.1dRO 1.:1<0 1,000 700 (;20 500" 41iQ- .
__ 9,',..". ~ __ · ________ 2,~Q_0 ___ '.Q.1-º---1..~!!.0 ___ 1,27n 990· 79~O 510 __ '~~".! .!.?_. ?.,!",?~~ __ . ~Qn.o __ 1 ... D1Q __ 1 ~~9 ___ !..~PO. __ ..P?JL. __ !ti.º--__ JJ}º--
101'7. " 2,!)_~O ~,~AO 2..l!,O 1,74L-J..,.~.~0 1,070 670 ¡¡00 """'3 3",620 .2.980 2,600 2,100 1,&40 ",~1Q 1,060 630 1117 .,. 3,900 :1~210 2.800 W~o 1,760 ',1.10 1,150 ._~ II\~. 17 4.7}O 3.B9~90 V,O 2,140 ',720 1,390 ~
--'lVH 17 5.990 5.010 4,:150 3,53C 2.760 2,200 1,7BO 1,.00 13~-,,_'6_~ 7,9?0.-:..._5.~_O~ __ 2.1!j0 __ ~...!..~º __ ._U~.!!90 2,970 I,B20 131'7, 10 7,900---f.2.?0~!2~(a70 3,660 ? 030 2,330 1,820 1~"" 17 9.1 00 7,~60 6.830 5.460 .,260 3,.'0 2,660 2,060 141~K19 l03_~9J 7.[,30 6.100 4.770 . 3,810 2.990 ?,330\ 1517,,9 1~.~o.O 10,700 9.1.~gO ___ 5.~90 ~,5ao ~_ 2,780 \ .. 1?~~ "' \l,400 12,800 10~B,750 6.690 5.370 4,190 3,250
__ 'ID.U?? .. . ·illOO __ .l_~~QO~&JQ.~ . .o .... 1..()O 7,740 6,220 4,850 3,760 __ ~ fJ.~ _"tt ;'!, ___________ .~ I!LO(lO_--:! (j¡P(~_' __ ' ~,3..o~p_o __ ~,nOO____LQZº __ 6á!Q -.-.bª~
ll\ J!Z'J /.1,J\"){) lE',OOO 15/1t)O '2,(\00 9,720 7.810 0.110 ~\7S0
Grato 8all ;';111 CapocltlolÍ Shorl To' 's Per 24 Ht.
M'I! Sl70 ,'. ' . • fI.D.$t'c!lx '-" .. ~.~I=rod:· IW~ ~'I· 'Y2"" ':'\":\7"\ ',,:.,,\1" t'1,;" "\' . v.· V."'
G'tnOtntllon(JIt,)., ""(;'Inrt ::'G M1'!>h ':\r. Mrr.tl "0 f...tl"r.h, r.~ MNlh /. P-O MOf'lh 100 Mor.h. '150 r ... 1~!:h 200 Meth ___ '_"_0.1_' _. _._. _o,,¿, ;100 ."""';!_' __ *~~~ ~'~---22:~~~"" 7~) 7[ .. 07. O~·(\(I [1(\·95 05·90
5':"'4 142 118 100 , n) 61 ,50 ,,',' 40 31 -..:.....?'" x 6 ·215 ' In 151 .120 ".·92' .... ,75,' ";.. 60 47
61?~ .t'... .J.10 __ .• -?S.5 ___ 2_1~175 '. '"I3D ~Q 67 --(;-¡;,~-' 4:15 3~~ 30~ . 2~5 " 19d ~ 123 ~4 ___ 7~,._1_', __ · _._. ______ .¿no_· ___ .op ___ J._o ___ ._:rr.0_....:.....-·~;,,;J.?2·r.' 130. 108 ___ 7\~.,II_ •. ~_,_""-_~_. _____ . _f'~O.P .• __ .. ~,r.0. __ •• -!'7_0 __ ,2!'Q __ ,_,~QP-.:...-..-.JA~~ __ .~_ ..
a\~. o 11('0 130 G20 ~oo :lBS 305·,' " 250 193 DI', x e ,,~!l_O ____ 97_0 ___ .Jl~ 670 5,0 .410 330 260 6.-;-7 1,~~O ___ I,.!.~O"' __ !&LO ___ n_~o G40 510 ,.,O_~ g\~. 9 1 .~.:'Q ___ 1 }0.9 ___ '2º~O n<o 050 / 530 '-20
10\'H 10· 2.7).o ___ 7.~_12!_O ___ '&Q0 1,240 ·980 ¡ea 520 ::..- 10"",;¡ 3,7I..o ___ EOO ___ ~¡;jJ~~~..o I,SOQ 1,330 1,000 830 __ '.~2:.!_~_' __ '_"":':' __ · __ ~t~!O __ JFiJ..O 311.10' ~ __ ~~~.950 1',560 ',260 970 __ '_~:!.!_'~ _____ .~~Q~O __ ¿...!~O ___ 3~;e:10 2 220 ',770 1,.430 1,100 __ '?\::"'~1~ ~L~)!,~.r !_n __ ~l:2.0 3t~'2U 2 ~10 ',990 ,,(i10 1,250
12\'1 x 11. ~~_~~!~1.(1~~~ ___ :J~,900 2,2~O 1,660 l/,/¡O
.... Grind ISo nomtr'\~1 mo~h Ind'Cél!cd -+- ~'X.·5"k ·ntJn~¡r' o' -200 mC"~h In rroclvcl 1m r,f.l""\d Indlc;!l"d
l"r:- flOr, .... e C~{1,'c:.ly l¡'Ihl.,~ h~IIt"~ mr)~1 <:omnv-'r! '.~,1rr;y b~1I mili Sl;ot"~ Capilcilí'!!J ntc bn~('d on mr.Ó;um hnrd ore wllh mili (¡pl'f,1hft9 111 c:.o ... "r1 ('f(\)11 unrl,., 1I'It'I g'I".1tr,) (.tl(vhllün!; lo con~,lttlr::1 '''''~e t;tblr .... t.1tn41 r.nd Srnclt,;:!'", IIr!!.1 gall¡Ned comp.,rallve dttln IrQm Qn~r~It('ln~ o' Qv('tllC" ..... í)n( qr;\l~ mlll;,- 1)' Ih~ ~1mc Sllc: Ftom ~'t(\ah·sjs 0111\15 C1alC:, Ihe emotrtcol rnl¡;,tlO" \Ir,r,nlnr 1/""''',1' 1:1:)Ir", W:l': fh"\ttVi'11 rN t1rV Ollnr1tnn ~Dnt'C1s ¡Hfl fe,SlJccd [lnd cnnnCtlltl"i drn!,~_~lwnen 30'% to 50%.
n.1I1.1i11 rowo' al ,/,¡/I PlniOl\SMÍ1IHorsl''''''''.:)
___ o - -0011 Ball 80/1 Mili Speod Bar J Ch<lrgo Weight ;lo i 11 ·PO\ .. 7~r
Mili Mili Sito r----.-- ~ort!{\ .. i q/sch Grel. Disch.
MOlrlc Tonno" ~11O;t Ton, Diamcle, Lr.Il~)th 1---' % Vn!.um(>trlc ;~, Volt.:mltrlc
".:, Vclumntric Loadin'J "j, Vt'lumctrk LODdin~ lr.)dlnp Londlng
M
M Ml''''~ 1" II1'M ~_ e" rrl.1
r-:,-.-r-:::- -.-. -~ --1i!1 J;;--<,40 45 ~~_J..~L c.s 1I :1", .,0 '1'i :U; l¡U - ---- ¡---'r-'-¡--
____ o
0.91 3.0 0.91 JO ~,() :' n 38.7 79.9 :v,4 O.C>S 077 0.67 0.75 O.B[\ O.Oc, 7 7 7 B B 9
1.2:' d.O 1.22 4.0 ~1 ~.O n~ 79.1 3f6 1.77 2.02 2.:'3 '.~!i ~.23 2.51 19 20 21 22 2~ :15
1 5:' 5 [1 1.52 ,'O I sn 2.0 :'Il:' 78.1 39~ 3.66 4.13 .; 71 4.03 ~.61 5.19 42 45 .7 r.9 52 5(¡
I.A3 r, o 1 Po3 (,0 ~,O :2 n I ~:J ~. 7A o 4'11 13. ~,(i 7."Q 8.44 7.23 '1.77 9.30 eo 85 89 93 99 103
2.13 7 o 7 13 7.0 r¡:') :i.n: ::J. 7 77.7 '14 \07 1~.3 13.B 11.0 13.'i 15.2 137 \05 151 158 158 175
2.44 a.o ~.4" e.o Sé) 2.0 1 ~'I 3 76.1 5(\2 16.2 18.6 21.0 17.9 20.5 23.1 215 228 237 2Ji9 2S5 275
2.59 8.5 2 .• 4 r.o ~o :' O :'04 75.3 513 ln.5 .:'1.; 2.H 20.4 23.3 26.2 250 256 'In '-So 308 321
2.74 9.0 2.7'; 9 O r,o 2.0 19.7 7".0 5'f.i 23.5 20.9 3).2 25.9 29.6 33,3 322 3.2 356 373 :)'37 Gí3
2.R9 9.5 2.7a 9.0 50 2.0 ID 15 no 541 76.4 31).1 ~3.9· 2~. 1 33.2 37.4 367 390 ;'06 '¡2S ,,53 C71 3.05 10.0 3.n~ 10.0 ~'J 7 o , U (,~l 7f, o ~,!.> 7 32.7 37.3 42.0 36.0 1¡1.1 40,3 462 491 511 535 070 593 3.20 10.5 3.05 10.0 ~o 2.0 18 15 75.0 570 36.1 41.'1 1>6.5 39.9 45.6 51.2 519 552 575 ¡¡02 3(0 667
3.35 11.0 3.35 11,0 50 2.0 17.3 72.0 sr;r, t,3.0 49.1- 55,Jj {,7.:' bU 81.0 BIO :411 ·676 708 '153 ·ID!, 3.51 11.5 3.35 11.0 50 2.0 \G.75 72.2 tl74 -9.1 54.0 60.S 54. 'j 59.5 67.0 ~/t, :/18 ~41 íB2 832 087 3.6r, 12.0 3.66 12.0 ftO 2.0 15.3 71.8 SP.4 5G.~ 5~.(¡ 725 62.2 71.0 79.9 812 \JG4 SOO 942 ¡OOl iOCó 3.Bl 12.5 3.06 ".0 [In 20 1~, !)!i 71.8 rl"lO 01.4 70.2 79.0 57:/ /1. :. 87.1 aS6 os,,· 993 10';0 ííUD 11S2 3.9& 13.0 3.96 13.0 50 2.0 15.CO 71.7 G07 72.3 82.7 92.6 79.7 91.1 102 lO63,~113O 1177 1233 rtr;; 1365
" 12 13.5 3.9G 13.0 G4 2.5 15.30 71.7 6~0 7B.2 eg .• !!9B 86.2 98.5 ", l1B91;:';~ 1321 1379 ~ 1532 4.27 i 14.0 4.27 14.0 64 " < 14.8 70.7 623 90.7 104 117 100 115 t~9 1375i'~ 1527 1595 1699 1771 .. " "117 \4 r, t1 ')7 ", n r,4 ;,r; ',1 !"I:' 70.Po Ii':'- 91 (l' ID 1~6 lOS 1'3 139 ',492 '('¡¡nO 1650 lnJ 16,.2 1921
4 ~I I~, 014.!" ~!'
210;1 1~.O 114 :'!\ 14.1 wu e.111 113 1:'~ I( ~ 124 14:! l!J9 1701 ,c" 17 1093 1980 ~19G
4.72 15.5 4.57 15.0 64 2.5 13.8~¡ 69.0 648 121 .138 155 133 152 171 1838 {'56 2037 2132 ~ 2363 4,88 16.0
1
4.88 16.0 64 :'.5 13 45 G8.9 651 137 157 179 151 173 19. 208. r~17 2309 l/il7 Ts71 1073 '503 16.5 4.B3 15.0 6,4 2:5 132 . 68.7 659 146 167 lBB ISI lB4 207 2223 ;370 2.68 25B5 :mo :¿G53 !, le 17.0,5 10 11.0 75 3.0 13.0 ca 7 670 165 189 212 182 :/Oa ?..J. :;.595 ,1,"54 :l8B3 ZOlU :t~'03 !.f:;.~(
17.0 75 3.0 12.7 6n.I ó74 176 201 226 19é 221 2~9 2750 .?31!1 :>053 31~ 3:3·; :i.Y2
-O¡;fo)-l ~ . .:r-. i\!~t-:
lf¡-... ;jr~
.:::,..J-'I. 0.76 :!.5
'.07 3.5 1.37 . :'.5
1.68 5.5
1.98 3.5
2.29 7.5
2.(,'¡ .n.O
2.05 :'.a.s 2.7.' g.1) '-.09 9,0 3.05 10.0
3,1/ ,0,0
3.32 ',0.9 3.;;7 1\,;;
!,LU3 'it.9 3.78 12.'~·
3.93 12.9 r..09 lJ.o ,~.~l: ·i3.9 :,~9 1(,(. , , I
¡j
~.5l~ ífi.2
:.32 ~;;J
.,;,sS 'j~.i: '/.
.L~ ';:u" j 5.33117 ~¡ ~.le
S '91'B.0 5.49 18.0 75 3.0 12 .. 6í.5 678 197 225 253 2\7 248 279 30n 1 ~276 3<;\( :i5BS Jüt~ ::!BSí L~
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',.1
-.\.1.
rl . ..:
:.1
. 1."
-'e
.In In I
,'-". I ' .... , I '.~. " U .. : I 'd.
í.~. " ~ •• 1. r
1.1.:
· . .\c
í:..I . -,
-'J,)
o,ú
U.U..!:..
, ~ '.1 •
',-?o
" '
,
.,.!,. ,.~
.. ;::::
.'.L.' . , J.
~' .... : .'l!r::
,'.':;, ,Jj;: .
,'J.'J'
·,e ~.: . :.J,:.-. J.C •. :
'"
l,7, JI!, 1::'.),- j/cl
.1' 1.[''':-''(
'i 1: j..~~:', íi.' " .1J:~ .•
).:--::
).L'_ ;
J ~..r. .,~.'. 6);~
1.:,:. 11 ",-r,'
- 1. J/!,. en'
;;
J.I)",' JfJ.' '. ','.-' J.:" ~b
7:·; .. , ._" ~'j:. .:"" ~:\ -:j,' - ':"::j;; {l.., ., :-(J::
.-1...-.. ?r- .
,.7--::.:.' . j)::
. ' . .)
~,J, _.1
."':1:" L
';1
.),~l :!) • .l.:;
,¡
:.¡)::
',~
" ,n ~> . ) /,
. le:
. ).cJ::
./ (
.'·1'
lj,1.I." ve ;r;:?
~.p. J/1.' . ,,,
~ -'F
),/" .t,/lú J/Y J().' ,l./J"
~J "1
"
:o.rl l'l_
... "\ '.
)~ ::j n,
".J ;·i.o:1,
-1 ::.1.1).. - -~---
I
.. J -1
I
I I I
.l. n. í,
.I./l ~ , )./).ú
" .c:'.
..J.) ::,\...!.t. .\1) ;')JI.
, } : :.t...!.l~
;1 . ,"l.".
,:,:J .. Lo.
"j : .1.'.1.
)...,
),U ::.I.i14
'·.,1'.''_'",,' ::' .. '
).') ::1.',', }.r) ::.t.,\.., ~.rl : :.\ n,.
I I L
:'D :' .. I.r;! .• -.J : :1.~, .
I
:::1.". -1"1".
__ o ;~ :::: :~~
I ~..J ::.1.'J., ;tJ ::1.""
1/', --1-
),J.6·'
:;/1.0 I J/l,ó
I
",-
JI,;
JI
:. I '~.
:"J ".I.t,
"1 :' ¡ ~
") : :.\. '~ ", ::.\'
l'
I I I
-;-
J,'¡
,j
.,:'.J
'.)
'p 1/.'
).',
'J
J ,.)
.'.(
',r)
\ 12
o 10 · · ¡¡; e o
'Il • . : Q
(;
'" e . o C>
t: o
11.
Diamelar dA' mm
12
'0 0 o • ~ ¡¡; e o ... . ~ · ~ e ~
~ ~
"-
10,..m
'00
'" 0 ~ 00
~
"-<' 00 O
~ ~
00 O .~ · ..,
>O e ~
(,)
o 10,...,.. 100" ... ,,,,.,
Dlnmolflf. dA
'00
0 .r ~
.¡:
~ ~ O 10 .. ¡; ." $
~ ~ U
'.0 10pF.1 100",... 1.0m",
Dlomo'or. dA
27 =
99.D
0 OD.O 0 00.0
.0.0
70.0
00.0
SO.O
ao.o
30,0
-r '0.0 ~ .. t 10.0
10 ~ o .. o .~ .!: ~ ~ U
'.0
/
0.1 10prn
10m,"
'9,9
•• CD 90
.~ 9S
:; .0 .. .. <' 70 o ~ o SO U.
.g 30
~ 10 ,
U
'0 ....
0.1 10~m
'00",," OIDMolor, dlJ.
1.0mM
D/om%r. t1~
~71""" : ;.' .'
.' , .. ,,_,0_' .
'. l. ,'~
l ,:. \ .
, ,.,
,;--+-I
-.,''-
'0...... Si" methods (see te"t for discussion of c!!ch)' oí' plotting size distrlbution data of Table 2.2.
I
~,>\ í ~::f 'y~ 't-.::/ : ':,\ :.~~: !,~' l",-\ '0, ,,,,., ,,, "h~ ",'. !..::
t I
", -.. -.. - Cautivll ~h"ulrl 1-.. u!\.NI in 1I1·1·,~jn!: ,h,. n ..... '.Il; .. \\"'rk Jo·I, 1 ..
\:dUl'~ lI4'lf! Ill'((' tó 'c\,,(V'ir,c ifll'l .• I1/dl.lru. ~i,uc' tI.,- í'\fli\'i.I,,~1 "vnrinllf't'!l ..... I"'~~n rnntrndlt In cI1y dn ... ih .... aliun 1n:1)' 1 .. • II',itt>
f t :.~t.1 :::l¿'.l
lor~f'.
)rICme G:llVI1Y
·s·· ' __ .. ~........--_---J-
Al! Moloríols TCSI!!d
Ándcsite
~orilo
Sosoll
Bouzcito
Cemonr dioler ..
Cemen1 'OVl motcriol
Clay
CooL",
~ Coppcr N"
Dioril0
Dolomito.
Emery
Fclrhpor
Fcrro-chromo
Forro-manganeso
F~rro"ilicon
Flint
Fluor1por
Gobbro
Glou.
Gnolu ..... .
8 Gold ore
"Granito.
Gl"QphilC
Grovcl." ................... .
Gypsum toch. .......... .
2 S~
45J
2.20
16' 315
19
13
5
197
37
6
15
267
2,51
lA
L31
3,02
1.B2
2.74
348
2.59
666
6.32
4.41
265
i 0 1
283
7,5R
: ? 1
2.81
2.66
1.75
2.66
2.69
1875
473
17,10
8.78
lJ.¿5
10.51
l3.00
15,13
17.7J
20,,0
I ::'~: 1 10.se
I :.:: I ! 10m
I 26,16 I 81'1
18.J5
1231
2C. )~
IJ.93
15 13
~J.56
1606
6.73
1
~~(:~:,tc;:.t.c;;~O;:'!l.1 MAUGll\l tl('l OJ Ga .... I1l' l'l='1X
HST\ 'S ·w, ~I;~~:,;----'-'-- ---1--' -; _ .... - ----1
'Jo He"",::I,lc ~ 1 3 5) ''2 B..t J
'i HI!~cllle - \P' \ulor 3 i8 ;J h.4 I
.,. loccnild
"1leod C'O
'<. leed llflC c.'e
)' Mognesilt'
• Mol,bder,..:m
). Nickc: efe
Oil shde
PO!O,t., oro.
., Pyrilo ore.
Py((holilC' orr
QV'J~llila
t Qv~'ll
'f Rufle<'\to
S.lico \ond
Siti-:'Or"l cotbido
Slo;
Sycnilo
y Tin oro
l' lJlonivm ore
T rop rod:
'f Zinc ore
I !
~3
16
79
12
I I
1,,1
I
lJ
i J
1 J
17
12
352
3 6~'
354
3 35
3,35
2 G6
3,53
3.06
27e
3.26
1 S4
274
~ 06
2 1.9
2,6\
28:
7 6J
267
275
274
273
395
J 01
787
3M
11 33
t 4.61
11.9n
1093
127.
12,20
11 13
12,80
130
15 8~
9.07
8,05
89J
9,57
958
13 57
!268
1587
1.10
75,87
10,24
1 J 13
10.90
1733
1931
11.56
AII m<\(~rli:ls trs:cd f\o(!CSI1C
81"1r:tc 8tHII B¡:UllItC Cer:unt chn~:r Cerneot r~~~ mr.lcn::! Chromc orc c,,~ Clf.y. ",Jcincd Co,,1 CO," Co!..c. fluid peUOli."Uhl Ca:;,c. pctrolcuCl Coppcr ore CorrJ Dlonte Dolomllo Em<ry F<ld,pu F errO<.hrome Ferro- Cl4.D %llt:.S G
Fm-c>-ull""" Flmt fluonJPs.r C ... bbro G.-J<-n.-, Cromet Gb:~ GnclS'S Gold ore Gnrulo Grephjrc Gn;~
G YP'WD roe!< IlmcrulO lron ore
Hcmctltc Ih-rnntlt<>-<»=lu Oolll>c Limc.niu. MODlctltO TuorrllO
h)oanJle Lena ore: u .... d·zlOc ore L,mcslone LJmt:"Slonc (or cerneDI M nnC1l.nese C'N: !vi .. (::nOI(e. dc::cd bumed MIC'" Molybdcnur:'Í-J
NickeJ ore Oi! sht:lc Pho,pht". rcrtilizl:' Phosphr.le ro<:~ POUlsh orc Por",h "Jt Pumi"" l'ynte ore Pynhotito ore QUUtlJlC Qur.ru Rulile ore Sc.nd"onc ShuJc Silicz Sili"" nnnd Silicen c¡¡rbiéc Silv;:r ore SiOt.C"l· Skg Sin!;. iron blr.st rUCIU= SI C/c
Sodiurl':l ziliCltC S!)Odurnt:nc Or.l Sycnnc "¡ile !ll~ O~ "!'"it:'.DIUTI10r:! "[;::t;; .. n-c.1: U;'~';nium or..:. :..: ... ~OC'<:
No. cf r~~a :08.
6 11 10
" 60 .7 ~ 9
10 l. 2 2
303 5 6
t, t
1 a 10 1$ $ ¡¡ ¿
1 3 3 3
209 H
6 62
5 7 G
79 76
6 l
63 ~
4
6 1: 9 3
S:,\::,,=:1.C Gr¡:"IY
-'1 : f~ .... :i :" ;:.:~ J :q
LIl l.! 1 Id 1 'S J :1 :." . -.
V/or!~ lnde¡l
U', 13.61 1~.1 J
6.:1: 20,t, 1 90
13,69 10,57
9,110 1.10 LO
1 U·¡ ~0.70 3;;.110 73.eO Il. i 3 10.lú 19.1,0 II.J 1 %.18 11.6'/ U1 171
11.33 26.16 9:16
1I:;,t,5 10.19 17 .. 3'1 3,OU ~.13 IG.¡;l 16,39 43.03 :5.17
0.16 13.11 IS.M 11.6D 1 S.t>O IU3 u.G5
10.21 14.07 16 s; l1-dé' 11.35 11.6i 10.10 i:.M; 16,HO
IH.50 ·~~;~..ll.1~~
IUU lu.IO 13.03 10,13
O.UO 0.23
1L93 0.90 9.57 I~.IS 11. 77 12. 12 1 1.S3 11>.«1 lUl 16.44 26.11 17.30 0.//
IS.n 11.16 13.03 13,1:0 :3.70 ¡().~
IS.S3 ¡O.f.! <~ l.C-,\ 1.l.e(. ~f,jj~
= 29 =
The fQlloning hllm¡JIG mtl~'¡:Hrte$ the !l'[lrlim!:i(lí! Orl 'i; he ,Q.bo"J'G 'i:\'!lrnlcrlioí1i'. "i:~1 01 ~tJ!Gd~¡,; \?li'0IM(:;L;:;~ \ .
A crushed stone.'producer desires a primary crusher MATERIAL: limes'"",, WORK iNDE)( ~ 10.7
to hundle thc product from a 3-ynrd shovel lit nn CRUSHER: 42-65 Suporior Primory Op"n Sido Solli"9: S": Ecccnl'rit Jhrow, 1 n
average rate oí 350 tph. The rated capacity oí t:hc Rocommondcd Oporotlno Spood, <1lJO npm
1 b (Approltimot"ly 80% of MOl:imum ()pcc·d) crus ler must, oI course, e grcater than this becausc Copacily al RüCO"'Múndcd Spcod! ;jJ8 Sllor) To¡dl-jour
oí inevitable quarrying and crushi'ng delays. A MOl:imum HorsePDwor Allb\Oloblc a? Sc-kclod Thro\"1 and $pood, 213 Horoopow"r.lSoo 01:09'1'10 bol!or;¡ PClO¿ 22)
crusher BeLting oI 5 in. on the opcn siele is clcsirccl FEElJ SIZE: (F) 00% Po",'" 20· (66% DI r-ood OponlnfJ)
because of following equiprrf'fmt and the require- F = 711.000 Microns 'l/f = 942 PRODUCT SIZE: (P) 80% Panol 4%". P = 108.000 Micro,,; ments for stone.
A Proccssing Machinery Laboratory test indicaL('s
the limcstonc has an impact value oí 10.8 ft.-Ib/in.
and a specific gravity oí 2.60. The Work Index 15,
thcreIorc, 10.7 (see Rcfcrcncc 1 ahove).
'l/P = 328 . . \/F - \/p = 514
HORSEPOWER/SHORT TON = 10.7" 13.4" 514 ( 8<12 j¡ 328 = .. 267
.267 Hor,cpowor/Short Ton ;i 438 Short Tonlhlour Capaclly Ho;,epowcr Required ' .
RECOMMEblDED MOTOR SIZE: 150 H~"oPo\"lor Molor.
517,0 of Snmpll' In I'nrt~ Per Mllllon
Ml'tal lIcad
Corper 0.25-12.5
Gold 21 5 ··187. S
Lcad·Zinc 1.6S-2S00 --_._--Phosphatc 1,(, -
Uraniur11 Mil: 400. -5ICJ.l
Uranium s..m- 100.000. ppm! pling Planl Sta¡:c
1.000. ppm Overall
THIC¡U:¡,llhlG T /!.NK' . . ".-. .
REQU¡REIvlENTS .
Con
2. 1 -44. ~ I
?
0.15--400. ----_ .. 3 O -(,.2
?
-
Tails ...,
0.2(,...3,5
?
1 .4 -M.6
6.2 -15. J(J(¡. (¡ -3125.
-
D
5 to 12 sq;¡. fr'. per 24 hr. ton iD~ solids 3 to 10 s0. ft. per 24 hr. ton of solids 3 to 6 sq. ft. per 24 hr. ton of solids
= 117
Flotatlon Concentrates Slimes (Cyanide Planl) [ilSY Scttling Ore Difficult Settling Ore lOto 40 s~, ft.per 24 hr. ton of solias:-
LA. )]~Sl'.4.LACION DE E:)U IPOS PESADOS"
I\CL-:qU;lIC foundatlon~ for any hc.avy ('qllq,m('nt ::..,d in p.1ttlcul<~r M.lrcy r.rjndlOr milis. are extrem(:-!-{ Import.-:nr to ¡as.ure propcl OpCr.J11QII uf Ih,JI equ,p ;IK'nt. Any sltght sculing el fowndatloos WI)I cau':>c beoiJrlng and gear mls.:;llgnmcnr resultlng In e,<ce!.!.lve WCar ;::nd hlgher m(jlntcnance co!:t!.. Ir hJ!. ~een found Ih¿t cc.Jf"\crot~ toundiltlons on .' wel~ht b:1"i I 'So
should bL) .'!ppro)'omart'ly \}'2 tlmC:i the tot~1 wC't:ht ef tnG grindlne mili \-Vllh It~ C'lnding ,MC'dia
Allow('lble bearing press\Jre between concrete foorjn~s. 4Jnd the soil upon which the toundatlcn rests snould fl1sr bo consldcrcd. Thc ,cnter ef prcssure rnus,t r.lw.~yz p"~H rh,ou~h Ihe ccntcr of thi.' fOO'ln.': rount.J."lons ~utllt!ct fu ~hI1C"'. dHlIlld 1>0 dO!.Jt;Ili"d ~;.¡tih, J.;,~~ u~,.t !1rp¡.~~utv:' .,fhün ~Qllnd¡H,IC':u. .tO(, !,r,c.f .on.... f!:u\.:¡('u vI .:!,¡Uwu,tJlu J!Jft.·H..JrU I lt',Jt' ,fí,'J.I:/I\!;'U' l."'::, 41111 '/~;·I¡i:jí¡;t r¡t,:-:i,:H¡:-;-;:(.!\·,i #I:':ur:,!; f'I't¡V be 'U'H~r.J '"r '111I~13
So" ...:: i ~ ... Or,. ';1 I O'''' tt'o,:~, ('!l:l' Sol, ;"'0<" '
Ct::vCI l:I"'Id (0."(\,, ~.)<'W~ Hord Roen Ipl!r, ... tty bto .. o". H::rd RecI> h''!l·",I", brol.on) H."d HOC'" I,n "-,/u.,,1 u. .. rr0vn<1'''6\'
Elcc~ric~1 Abbrcvii'tions
I\itcrnJlln& Currt'nt
D(AnlNC lOAD IH TO"'S HA ~QUAIl( ~OOT
1 2 I .; J ~ l
J • ~ 9 7 1(')
15 ,1~
20 ]:; U>, 10 2e1
A. e Dr E EIf 1-1 l'
1
DHfCt Currenl EICClrO/lloll'w'e tUfL:!.; 1fl v(,)ll~
{'.J Ef"cI~n(y
Ho,~clJÜ""'l."r
Lurrenl ,n .. ,nl .. H,r,,~
OHMS LAW
II~
K\V
K\V
KW -
1- R E
R_- T
l . 1
1000 (D e únlv:
173x[~I~PF lCoo---
.' .. r • I .. r I
1000 (.·I.I",L .. l.)
-.. ------~ ... ¡ - -"~"~-~-
, \
.~
t· An aCCurate determlOatlOn by el(per,mcntc1tion ji:,
and dose e'Camln.'ltlon !.nould be made fo chec!!. ,Oc P'1:..,lCt !.od d',¡uolt;'lcrlstlc5
Porrl1nd C'C'tl'wnt miJ{("n with sand c:nd ~-;Gg,cgcfc In the plOp-:r prc,pvrt1ons h ... !. Cvme lo be st:;ndard pracrlCl' In mabng Concrete Fer general rcterenc:c Cement r:' usual;'! shlpped In sactu containing one cublc fOGr oi mJ!(>IIJI A barrei usually ConSlsts of 4 c.ublc r.:et Cernen! "",11, dC:~'lo/.)tc wlrh ,::r.c r.nd wilJ qutckly .lb~orb mOltturc so ir lnou:d be storcd in .". ,c'Ol. dry pID'. Th, ,ond .1nd aro"cl usad should b. carefu[ly clcaned for best rcsulrs to be sure of m.nimlztng thc amount 01 Icdlmcntctlon in tNt matcrial
Concreta mt.y be rnildo up In difleront m;,:;turcs h:1\I1n": dlflerent ptoportions 0# s.·md .Jnd l':[!(frcr::atc. Tr'r'\c a/u (.I)fpr:lHcd In P..'lrU- fo( ctl.~mplo ~ 1.2'd r;,,~lur·i Il)d¡"ju"'í::OI'lC, b~a ·DI.'<:Cr¡.'IonL:2 ·~.,.b,,; •. f.co, ('.,,!,!\n';,'.~'" :.l,J Jo.fu.jl] ,-"111.,,,8 '':'l;. ,h·¡lIliIuu¡,",.,1 ~:~~l~1~~~tl1:l~~{;;~~~~~··~~;~',?~·~~:!~~/~~;~~~\~~VJ1;i¿;:F.;~i In other material ratios, Betwcen 5 Vl to ~ Y2 gallons o, water to a sc1ck of cement is usually rccommended. tnl! lo ....... er amounr '0 be uscd ..... nerc hlBhlJr sfrcneth I~ rC(j\Jlfcd 0' wherc rhe concrete \'~.·i" be sub/ocf fa S'.~'.CIC wC.lfhl.'flng condlllon~
K V A K,lo-vol: .;¡mperes K.\V K,:;Jwatt ... r Po .... ·ef P,F Power fdctor R
(S;ngle pha.e A.e )
K VA.
W."" KW r F \'011.'- A"':;¡::cre, KVA-
cU!tREwr INPUT :>m UNE IAMPERES P~R MOTOK)
HP ,746 2 .>E • E fI xPF
For l) C. l ~ l if. Fo( "2 Ph.lSC A e 1 '-: HP" 746
HP , 746 HP • 746
For S.nr.l. PhJ>t A e I .- E7E -¡ l-;;-pT Fe, 3 PhJ" A C. 1== 1-¡-J7E7EiT-;;-p -F
= 31 =
L~l~G~O S,;;-(;;'Hul~G:lJ~·'¡::[ ~C .. {?eUl g,rf';,3Jh~ ;S:,¡eves
';This acreen scale has as it.s, b~,se un opening oí ;i~2eoiXlch which is thc openinr, in the stnndard 200
.' c~ t.esting sieve, the opcnings inereasing or de~:lsjn~ in'the ratio of the square root of 2 or 1 AH.
'Where c10ser sizing is requireu column 5 shows the Tyler Standard Screen °Scnlc with intcrmedintc sieves. In this series the sieve opcnings inerease' in the ratio oí the fourth root of 2 or 1.189.
TyJer Slnndard
Sereen ScaJe \/2:1
or 1.414 Opcnln¡:~ 1n lnches
1.050
.742
.525
.371
.2G3
.185
.131
.093
.OGS
.0·jG
.0328
.0232
.0164
0116
.0082
.00:'8
.0041
.0029 .......
.0021
.0015
2 Every Even' Ev"ry Yor CJo,;'c!" Olhor Ol.h,,·r 4th S Si;:'n!.
Sleve From Sleve From Slevc From . leve ... [ rom .H~" to 1.050" to .7-I~' lo J .050 "}o .0015" .OO~I" .002n" .OOb Rntlo Rollo ¡¡nllo R~t1o
uf al of v7:1 2 to 1 2 lo 1 4 to 1 01' n~9
].050
. 742
.52.5
.:J7l , .
. 2G3
.185
.181
.00::!
,0321'
.0232
.016·1
.0116
,0082
,0011
.0029
.0015
....
.í42
.1 El:'
.01(,
.011 G
.002!1
1.0!i0 .883 .74~ .(;24 .52!i .-141 .:J71 .312 .2G3 .221 .1B:' .1 "r, .1:11 .110 .mn .07,Q .OG.:; .n:,;, .(1.1(;
.0:1fJO
.0:128
.027G ,0282 .onl!i .016-1 .01:¡S .011 G .omJ7 .0082 ,UOiín .OO{ill .0049 .0041 .0035 .0029 .002·1 .0021 .001·7 .0015
G
Mesh Dcsl¡:natlon
2 112 ~ 31/~ 4 ¡¡ (l
'7 R 9
lO 1 ~~ [,1
16 20 24 :!S 32 35 42 48 GO 65 RO
lOO 115 l!iO 170 200 250 270 32!'i 400
!\Tole: 1'07 fUTOle7 da.!n "n m,.trlc .. qui,',,¡r,,!. and Tclat/oM'dp lO olhc;" GC'Tt€'S, ¡;ce Pa"p.t: JO, J(i, .17.
D D D D D O O O
[']
O
o
o
o
D
o
Mesh
3
4
G
8
10
14
20
28
35
48
65
100
150
200
270
400
Openlngs In !nches
1.050
.742
.525
.371
.263
.185
.131
.093
.065
.046 " {'
.Q3~8:
.0232
.0164
.0116
.0082
.0058
.0041"
.O~29
.0021
.VOIS
Rclotionship 01 op,!nings in basic \' 2:1 SC"l'e~n Scale Series. FincT openings ~O( \:0 scale.
1,. ! 1" 11.l!p\\ ih": f .d,lt· 11( lllt, 1'!> 1('\ Stnnrlnnl S. fl"1 .\ St .11t- Sa'\'," s"., H:" lH ·tla 1111' 1q ... i,· ~qt, .;~. :. I
: L \,. :-'il·rh· ... :lS \\l'llll:-> Lhr:' l,,.p .. \lId~1 ~·ric. .... rUf do~ r ""/1111.' n. 1'1 .. 11,1 . .,: Iu tl\(' lelorlll lO.'! 1.1; .•• ' .1\
1"1\, f.l·IIU"h rli:\lnt"tt'r full-hl'i¡..:l'l .. i~\·~ nf(' "'lnl~rl d :'Inri :'Irl' c·:tn;('rl in ":~,rk (.,1' ,,:I1"r ~ '('- ... , :'''1:1':':\1,
-,.,
T)lrr SH'n IIItHI
s.,·rff'1\
~("r.¡"
f)¡0('!1II1l.
n In ¡'r,
1.050
.525
.371
.163
.1~5
131
093
065
.016
.0325
0132
. 016·1
.0116
.0082
.005R
OO~I
.0029
0021
"o\.~
F.·o Clul("~ <;"'1115:-
¡..~ 1<1 '"
O:O("UI'C
''"' III·h".
I OSi¡ RR)
~" .? GH 525 ·111 371 312 Ul3
.UI 185 156 131
.110 0'11 .Oi8 065
.055
.0~6
03~0
0328 .0276 0132
.0195
.0164
.0138
.0116
.0097
.00Sl
.0069
.005a
.0049
.0041
.0035 0029
.0024
.0021
.0017 0015
lJ. S A S': .... " Scn .. , ~1t\ ['I'lI""lr,'"
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2 1
3 3H 4
5 6
10 12 14 1 ~ 20 1< ~~
31 35 42 ~8
60 65 80
100 115 150 1 ;0
lOO 250 210 315 400
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¿/'j.5 rnlll
22.~ mm 190 mm 16.0 rwn 131 mr.i
111 mm
Q.S mm 8.0 rllnl
6.7 mm 5.6 mm 4.75 mm 4.00 mm
3.35 mm 2.80 mm
236 mm 2.00 mm j ;0 nun
1.40 mm
:.18 mm • 'Ir¡ OIrrl
rlJ:5,~ ¡.m
7l1.1 J.<IO
((:'1} #1m 5-00 I !TI
425 .Iln •
355 "Ir.
300 ,..nI
250 "m 212 .m 180 IJm
ISO.m
115.m 106.m 90.m 7S #1m
63.m 53 J.jm "'5,/.1m 38 ~m
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Ji Ir.
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No. 15 Ne. :8 NIJ. n 1':.1. :', ¡io. J.)
No 4)
r:o '5 !Jo. 5J
No. t1 No. iD No 80 ¡.¡~. leo 1'10.120 No. \40 1'10.170 No 1CO
No. 2JO No. 170 1'10.325. No . .soo
C.or.'~aílson Tnulc ov U. S. A .• Tyler, Cnnodian, 3¡his:,. (ranch. ané Gennan Stondard Sieve Serie;
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. , I •.•• ~ ... , .... ..,.. ,Jo 1 ... ,., • • J .... • __ ~ ...... *" ....... ,~.. '..... ,," ,- ._ ........... , •• p ~'P' .. ""
10
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2 ~iJ n'ln 2 -4tJ /TI!n ~ oa nl;t\ t Ij~ 11111\
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1 no 11\11\
F.il! ,.In
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25 mm 2 f1 m m 16 mm
1 O 01111
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lR ~~ ,.nl - 1 •• - p_
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'26 315"m
21
22
11
10
19
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125,..0\
100 um
90 "In 8(1-;'m
71 pm 63 ... m [16 .. 111
50 "ID -4!i .. m ':0 ... m
'll,r_ •• ro .... ,.., ... ~,..<>4 ... ,t ••• · ... _ ... .., .. "~,,. 1."4' ,·., ....... , ... _t v .. ,.¿ •• ...¡. IJor.~.h.,_ ... , ..... ~ .. ''',_a.
, ..• , .. 1 .. · ..... ·.·4 .... ", ,.lo •• <1 ........ ~ .. , ............ ''''' .... J .... ,. .. ;~' .... ,.~~ 0-" .... ".¡~ .. '~' .... -:.d , ........... ~.... .,. .. .
i\m'JERAl PROCESSJNG_
THZi:! Antt 11 ;1 trlTH v1TH THnE ÁBUH~A"'CES
~ IO~"'SIT1;::S In lh" E'o"b 1" Tlr." Su ¡HI: ,.t~TAL1 ~ILG'rTl) (VP'''II'' IPP ~1) 111
~ « I
}~ctlll nnd 3Iinrral Pl'ocl',;,;in~
IH THi! rOlllo4S
O, THESE :Ul
OR MI~EQ.tU
1" ';'14!:\E
C: .... :!H·
T; ,T'Ctt\
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ANO .\:2:;:
cOHy!nTEO ::; f
l.~-: I.~ud~ T:::!SO.h n~h"ld" T!tlO.11 To ñSO.h t~-: TI" Ti'3 4
PHICH !.:tl!
COHVc:H::~ TO
~I T~!r,' Sodlum R:,~c::t!c:.:)
!.."':ZI-.m T"II\lrld(' .T"lfcer~ ~ St lh by Fr ;:<t .. C'i't:'or:.:;Tl(~
~::~'r.~I~\~hr,~~~;:~I}ror._\!~Ch. :-"\~.' Sell' b1 rrc-:L c,,:t.ifo~-~t:(.h.
~ :; .. o:7'qSbt(' ~g~ ~!' '~","~JI:o t'rO~ ~.:t>v).,. :--:::-:: $:11 1) ti, F,:::L Ctr-:t 'Io:" ... :r !: c:t. V~~sn .. h . :--0:;-':> J:II, br Ff~ Ctv l¡tc~_ !c:c:). l~ . t-:7 ;-. ~., I ", __ .1-_r .~_. _:1 ':'_'_'; Ud &-,1 r::.-... ~. (,"'11. ~.::' Lfe, e
FI1-4ISH;;O lJeTALi el
Sod!~:ol R~dt;~~ ' '!:ft EI~ttorJ'$ ! s :' r'JS ~ d CM:"I;1r Elcc~lr,l, "f F\JSHi C"lJOtld f:
ffyr:T~en
.. ~~'xr:r ~3 !'~uctl~ ~T;~ft!~~Sh ~ ?"l~d Chlerld(! EI:x-tte'ysh .., ;'Js~d Ollorld;) SO e Ppln. ft~_: i- ,. Solr.. e R " d,,('tI~ t: ¡: : :trlc Fum.:to:Ir. OIS.~. EJ;~"ly~ ls o;' A9 El:¡><;trol ytIO d P'u~~ Chlolh'i' elc-::ltolrsl :-. o:-~ F'"lIt:·d Chlot'~(' Vecuur.l Sit:! c.~r-,;
so ::: ?pltl. :.,-; .; t ....... SOf,.... / EI«I,~frd~ <:: ;:"<;::d C!llorld.::";
. Ek",<lrofrsl ~ ~ :JJ.. So":.. ' Rcc;;~'tll .;<"; c.o; i"oO t \lr C:-. lc1u'" r!:lc-chely:l:.; (":' 1 '':I1 ~ l! eMe,'!! t· ~'('c"olyllc ~·.zf'"t:;ln~ Sodle!: l:~~· .. ~ .. :::
g~':J~::~r; .;::~ . ~~:;t:~tll~~: EI-:;·:ltol1¡:,I-: t:" ~". ,! ;, ~ I"i)ie"'~'~
~:~E!~.~:~~~;;~::~~ · .~~ ~~'If~~:
í' '.," ,'~: --:"1 ~(''G; r; • \...1.. " ,; • , ' - ;. ~ 1, .. \ \ l ! .
/
rabie (A) lisl, ~;':J'v\A material class descriplions and corres!)ondin¡¡ cad es ;',jbrrcd to in roble (9). Table (B) lisIs typical VQlu¡;s. Some iílClZ.:tic!ls, porticulorly ores, 'lar)' widely. Weight ::;;~~ Clnr!lo ay ;J,ln3;¡ r:;;;pand !arg::.ly on ¡'he SiZ0 dislribulion in o given moL::,ioL Degree 01 aerolion may be imporlonl
foclor in densily 01 very fine moleriol. Angle of iQf.lO~':: :',lt'r Increuse wlth Ihe percenlage o'; '¡¡nes a:; vlell as Zh" on['L,IQj"¡;" 01 Ihe !)orlicJes. Fines carry mosl of Ihe moi~lur.:~ ':Q.l:~'/ which is afien Ihe controlling factor. for ~hes.: ;~;mons: ,::;:' values given can only be approltimate.
SUD
flaw.:Jt,dll)' Angle of Repo~e
illl~cellaneola Cl1f.¡DC!cflst,Cl (Someumes mOlo Ihr.n 000 01 thasl) chDlCclonstlcs fl"Y r.ppl)')
Ver'. fine -- 100 melh nnd under fine _. ~ ¡neh llnd unCler G,.nul", - Uoder \2 ,oeh . . . lurnpy ,- tllntalnlOg lurnp~ QY!!I lh Inth ". Irrc¿uIJI'- :.trln;:t, IOtorlocklO&, mats tozelher,
\'"t:f'r' 'reo fJowlnZ - Dnt1t: 01 ICpC.!.!l le!.!> thlln 20 degrees, Free 110.,.",,'& --- (Ingle 01 repose 20 d~Rrte~ lo 30 Oer,rl!es, " A,,'~rClí!e h"\'I11\5 - Dn~la 01 ropose 30 dc~!Cel (J ¡\~ degree~" SIUtl:,sl1-- D,,~¡e 01 fL;JlllO 4~ OCd'ICl'S Jn~ aver,
Non·abra~l\<e Abr a~IVb \Jery nOram'e ." , . .. Ver) shnrp - euts oc gouges bt:1t ca\'er~
Vory dUlt, AellltE'S t::d Clrvclopl lIuld chotr3t,;\eU<;(I';\ Con111lRs elploslVO dus!. . Cúnt~m1n~Llc Dtfcctlng uso O( Hlo.:Jbdl~Y Oeaflldablo, r..ftec!lOe U~6 er UI4;dt.,l¡t.,. Gl'I#tS oH húcmlul lumos ar aust. HIEhly corroSl.o ..... Mlldlt tOf1DlIYQ Hy~rosc\Jp,c
.. C
InterlocKS or mat~ .. ,.. .. , ... '. Oils or chemlCilJ pre.sen! - may .1fiC";t rubbor J:,roducls .... Pael\!. UIlOl'r plC"i':UfO
Veryllgflt un'" lIuro,. -- :1).11) be \'IIfH~ :'t'tc~t flevaleá tem~erature.
iv\e¡'cds, Minerois, CI-;emicols, ~C\rlh:;, E~c.
CodO
A B e o E
S 6 7 8
L Il N P
a s T U V fI X Y l
;.isled w",¡gh¡'s al'''' for material In loase, leosl ccmpacted formo
::'.r:\~lIt,1
illlr./t"mec/ '" r\lum. . .. Alumll1(', (.-:lunllnum u .. ld¡:;) .. '
~::!~~~ ~~ilr~.ú~· ~:. ' ....... . AlumiOllrn sllic~to.. . . ,.' AJurnmum sulpht!t~, !!r~nuJ&r .•. Arnmonll.lm ,hlolld], cTj'St::llino, ¡'"mmoniufil nltr::\::., •.•.•.. , ••. Ammonium sulphr.I::, ~r!:nul;:r. Asb~stos Of~ or rc:~"\ .... " ... . t\sbostos shrcd. ..... ,.' .. . (.3hos, COo3l, drV ' .... . . Ashcs, toal, \'Jot, ¡neh l:nd und:}f I4h.3. (/y '" "".", fu.!li:?S, ~(:s·plodut:::r, t·,·:1. ..... . i1sphr.lI. bind.'...... ... . .. .. t~Dbj.lt, cru';i.h~d. Y.t'¡ :lllnd~r 3¡;~::s<;J .......•....... Ji':~un~ pO\"Jd:r ......•........ 3~ríl", crusho~. .. ...... " .. 3::rium cnbonr.tú. , ....•..... 3"r!t, rJDod. rclus:;, , ......... . 3r.ur.¡f:¡, crush~d 01 010uncl .. . 3tU:;11:J, mina ruo •.......•... 3~ntQnjlo. crud~ ......... ' , .. . 3:..nlQuito, 100 mesh ~\ undeT .. 3i~ttbontt~; 01 sodt: ........ . 3anJblr.c~\, lOO m,," ;, nnd",., 30n:~"u, '1.;"" '!Ild"r ..... " Banomcal , , ...... , , .. . 3ar"rn 01 hm~,.. . ...... .
g~~~~: }~:~P'.', . . .. : : : : : : : : : . BOflc .cld, "no.. . B¡cV'J['f's Eraln, sp~nt. dry B C\'.II?(·S eraln, SIl::-nt. r:el .. , Bilch. $011 lo h .. d ..... Ctllclum CD.bidI!, crush"d., C~lclum chlortde. . . . . .. C"bon, atllvatod, dry ...
Ave,or.e \'Iolr.~1
1&-17 4!H;0 55 10
/-15 ID 43 54 4>'52 t,;..<;5 4n-~!l 81 20·25 3óJ.0 éS-SO 40-<15 7D 1lO-lJ5 (,5 7-10
'.0·50 150-11lO 72 J()-ZO 6U-UO BO-~O 3"-40 5()...~ /,0·50 20-25 27-40 5;..<;0 60 60-65 50-55 55 75'lO
5560 I 110 ·140 70 80 7S 8 20 I
260-270 no 9{,O K',) 11;0 IlO-,40 29<l no 8/0 720-GJ3 ]¡'0-1040 770-930
lJOO 320-400 ~60 ó41}
1l0-lS00 640-7.0
mo 1280-1360 720 1l0-160 640 Han
24UO-29oo mo 160 ·l20
IOGO ·IIRO 1/80-1440 540-640 800-900 640 -800 320-<100 "lO-MO 880 ·960 %0 %0-1040 800·1lI!0 H80
4'J~H80 I 8:;0·%0 17ó0·2200
U~~·IZ80 I 13:)-320
A~fl. ~~~~~~d Coda -"'1----------- AmOR. \'}.iehl A~1'" I~~~~::d Heposo Incllll. (sc~ Roposo Inclln.
(de.:, • .,) (d_'_'r._,._"._._)+-_,._¡'_I._A_) __ II __ ~_'t_tc_r_'J_I ________ +-_'_b_, '_t_' -I __ k_llI_m_'_+(_d_Dg:..'_OO_S.)_~(d_o:..,~_r"_o_s)
30-45 23
34
32
32
~
t,S 35 JI
10 17
ZO-,4
17
20 7S 23·11 Z0-25
27 20 17
20
20-22
B.\G'( B·[¡J5 "11M l4tJy el5 BJ\~ C15 B2~S ~:C36HUS >::C26S 027R· E46XY 0461 U461 M7 047T C45 C35 E4SXV A:'S 036 MS [46Y B nl6 UJ} 046)( A~6XY AI5 AlSY Bj6 ~l6 A35 OJ&
I R·C76T B"6T e4,
1
, (;(~ r , [;4/
02of.¡ CZ6U B25Y
-(:; fUI b,1! conveyor.
Carbon bilck, pelletizod ... ,.
g~~~;~~u~~~~' f~~d:~l'dG'r" .. . Cas!!," ,.,,' ..... , C~Sllron, chips S bonnr.s C~m{'"I, Po.tlJnd, In l'lr.l . Cemenl, Portland. ~~rdtcd .. ' Cl:ment, c1lnl\er" ,. '. Ch.",. 'um,y. .. ..." ..... Ch .... 100 mosh & uode,. Ch.rcoJI. .. , . Chips, papo, mili .......... . Chlll', Dtper mili, lolt\:Jood ChUC:'Jldto c"l~o. . ... "'. Chroma or~ (cnromltc). . .. '" Cindcrs, blast lurn.lco .. , ...... . Cindon, to,tl.. ,'o •••••••••••• ,
CI~/, c2Ilcincd .••..... , ....... . Clay, 8fo",nd fines., .. , ....... . CII:I.,., dry. lurnpy. . .... . COdl. ~lIlhlaclte. . ... , .... . Coal, bllumlnous. . .. , .... . COdl, líCM. . . ... , Co'. .. . Coke, pClloleum ¡;¡¡I.;¡ncd
25-lJ 4 7
100 36
125-700' 94-1UO LO 75
Compost .. .. .... 1 Concft!fe. Clnder Concrc¡1J wct t¡- s.lump CoppelO'.
8()' 95 CO·~O 65-15 16-,5 20-25 12-:,0 40· ~5
125-140 57 ":0-15 nO-loo
100-110 60-75 >1-60 ~3-5S t,O-<ID 23-35 35-42 30-~ 90·112 1I0-1~ 120-150
Copp.r ,uIIM. COp,,- (coconul meat.) C:Jdl, er2lnllléltt'fl. ground Cotlon~ecj. c.1ke. mc¡)I, mC3ts Cltolde, tJust Cr~ohle.lul1PY tJ'~!l"!,alt::'lI~ tll'lh OH:,:¡ICI,JIl, f,r" .. !rha1e ()1~o.l¡um j..hc,;phale Ool':HlII:e, h,fI\~Y 01 Clusnt!d .. E~II:h, .liS <'1cavalE'd dry. tuth, Wtt, wlth clay.
75~S 22-30 l?-l~ 38-44 75 9'J
'1 ~i)-I05 11 15
I 40 ~O 25 31 9~-100
I 70-ll0
100-110
/,00-480 60-110
1 LOO ~80
2000-3203 1 ~OO-lbOO 960-1Z00
1280-1520 1280-H'lO 1040-1200 .60-400 320-400 190-<180 61,0-720
2000-2Z00 910 6<:0-720
1280-1600 lGOO-1760 960-1100 070-SÓO 690-ll80 640-770 370-560 ~0~70 4SO-ll00
1440-1800 17&0-1400 1900-2400 I~OO-1l60 350-480 190-nO & 10-700
I ;'9~ ·14~0 ! 1440-16BO I I 18C ?40
f.O 38 30-3~ 38 GS 35
35 35
35 35 27 3!1-':2 JI) 35-45
3! 20
35
4~0 ~'J~ I 640-B~O \.
1
, 1440-1600 22 lliO-1280 I 35 1600-1/60 t,5
20-23
1G-20
7.0-7.5
10-20 20
20-22 10-20 IS 10 22 lO-ro 7.0
12-30 20-2, 20 17 ~
22
20 23
COI! " ... , t[bl;~A)
~~i'C ~~~~~,<,d Corlo I\vO IiJU~ \'I;;!!!;II A~r~ ·1 ~?~~~{.~ J- - - C~G~ R"poSD IneU n. (se. --- ~~ pj¡c:~ Inclln. (20.
__ ~_t l_o_rl_r._I ________________ +-_I_b_.'f_I_'~~_k_~_'_m_' __ ~(_d_C_E (_C_ .. _,)~(_d_.~_~_'_'_)+-_ln_~_ln __ A_)~r-_"_,._le_r_i._1 _________________ ~--lb-/-II-'--~--:tcl~' -m-J--~~~d-.~C~~~c~ _ltbl:A~ .
~bonll(l. crus.hed ~ o ¿ undor .. Emol1' .. ... .. ...... .......... . Epsom \;)lls ..... .. .. . ........ . f~ldspG r, un~or ).\ " ....... .. .. . Fo ld~ptr, 1).\ lo 3" lump s. . . F"rrou , sUlph,lr ............. . Fllt li r prcs:f mud , ~U IU:r fc:lory . f1u o dusl, bl.csl (urnncc ....... . Flu8 dusl, boiler hou,e, dry .... . Fluorspc,c und er ).\ ' •... . . ..... fluo,sp tl, lump s ....... . ... .. . Foundry rclu~ e , old sGnd core • .
cte ....... . .......... . ..... . FulhH~ oCrih, oi! fillor, dry .... . . Fullc r:t ('(:rlh . oily ......•....... Gu bt t!ú, h('lu scheld .....•...•.. Glus. bnf~ D or cullo!. ...... . . . Gluo .... .. . ................. . Cf r. I" : \'I;lQt l, ryc. com. rlt~ ,
boc ns. ... , ..... . ... . .... . Gn nit o .. . . . ' .. . ... . . . ... . Grc,nilo . brnkcn . . . ... . . .. . Gr nflhl1(1 , npl<.c. . , . , .... . . (,r::"'II. . .... , ... . ..... . Grit, S(,y:q:e , dn:inrd ........ . . Gypsum, dusl or po\·,dcred .... . Cypsum, c:.lcinod .... .. .. . .. . . . Gyp ¡um , lumps . .. . ... . .... . Gunpowdcr. . .. ..•.. .. . . HOP1. spcnl. mo¡',I ,. . . .•. 1",. trU,hod ... ' . . • . .. • ... , . . Ilm únll n 0 :0 ...•• •.. . .•... ' .' . Iron ora ....... . .... . .. . ..... . lron o:r idG, pir,rn t'n: ........... . ;,::olln tl ~y, 3" ¡; un rlo r , •. , ., . . :(nolln lók , 1M h. , .h . .... , ..• . Ltt losc . .. . . . ...... . l :~ a d t runc te . . .. " .. . .... : .. . l (·~ d or ~) : . rnlsht!d ...•. . ..• , . lIenfl C!, : 'f (h l\i d ... . . . . . . . . , .. lime, vround Of cnl~pd .. , ' ., , lim o, hydrtlod, (,I r.l·.úd) . ..... . Llm : , p ~ bbl " O. lum¡o ...• . .•.•. limes tone. crush(;d or fi ne:¡ ..... lime,lonü, loo •• or lump •...... ~!Ihopon. . . . . . . . .... . ..... . ,; , ~ ttn C: ~ltc!. fmes . . , ........ . . i;'cg n ~ $ium thlorldo ... . .• • ' .. . ~.~::::c n .Jslurn olld e, ... , .. .... . . . ;.i tF. n c-~ium :¡ulph ~ l c
Gs.-JO 230
!,().-SO 7n-7.:i sn·los S[' -75 70 9 ~-170 4(1. SO e~-Ioo
105- IZO
JO-90 , J~l!
GCl-6S 3(l-~O 20 · JI O JG--\~
r.7··.cn 8v · 9~ 9,.. 100 CO 90 100
1I 0- 1~5 6()'-7~ S,. eo HO ~~ 61 35-50 :1 ~1 .JI ~
J.1 0· I~O 12!r-180
25 G3 r,nc J ~ 72
100·7 JO ~ ~I ~ ~
60· SS 30-<;Q 53·56 nO-Sll gS- IOO ~ >--5(l t !-75 33
1.0
104U I~0 3700 t 40-l100
1170· 1700 14'().-ISBO ~.(). 1:01'
11 70 I~J(l - I 9011 640- 9L~
m ().-1 6Oú I G~ 0 - 1 9OO
11 20- 1440 !>6O-t.1(t %0-104 0 4flO·l!00
1:.O-1 7€O S;¡()'-700
67().-770 1:"30-1440 1~ ~O-IGoo r, ~ o
1 "n · lr.oo 17r.0-21" 'O 9bCl-1 700 flP.O-S"O
I ;'RO 1 ~:·O 1::(,()
!>r.O-.... OO !.r,O·170
:;"fJ(~ · 7.,r¡{\
2EOO-29(10 400
10011 í, )U 900 510 11~0 3:'00 ."100
);'11 nH' X,O·](HO '~80· ~4 0 ~~O · ~OC
1 7~(}- I .wJ 15Zl,- 16oo
721)....1',(>0 1O ~ Q-12 00 ~ Jn
1900
eryslollinG. .... . ..... .... .. . 70 1110 ;,lclI. d,y ",hol.. . . . .. . . .•. . . .. ~S-3C f.OQ-4BO ;,;," . \'Iel or c' re n........ . . 60-t5 9[,0-1040 :.\un!!onett dilu id:) ... . • . . o' •• • 1\0 l if'O ;:~ :. n;'i; n(I"': nr ~, . . o •••••• ,., •• • '. 1' 0··1"'0 J:tRO- ?i'OO ::::;II:: :: ,,~r. "' :lI lrh :: l ~ , ... . .... . 111 11" 0 ~:!:. I IJ I..:- . cfu~.h (· d . y; " r. unrl rl r ... n ~ - 9~ J J t.l I · I~ZO ,"0'1. .... .. . ... . ............. SO 1280
¡~i~ : ~~f.9~d .,:~ :~t.O.d: ... :.::: : :: : ~~n m=~~~ ;;;il:;. múllcd......... .. . . ..... 27-3S ~ 3()'-~O ;"iU , c. I • . dry ..... .. .......... 100-1 25 IGO().-lOOO
~~ ~:l~r~R;:: ~r' . ~,, \·,.'~c'.r .n~: : .-::::: ~9.~ ~ ~ lIZ ;!o url de 01 poln.h ..... . .. .... . . 11 1710 ~1c!'<I -cDbn tt nulphrlo oro. . . . . . U7-1 50 J ~OO ·n oo 011 tLltG. .. . . .. . .. . .. . • • . . . . . • '!l-~ 770-1lO0 O.clie r tid trylli.ls . . . .•.. . . .. . f.O 960 Dy.l. r .h,lIs, ~round, undor l-V ,().-5S ROO-900 Oy,l: r , h, Us, '·'holo.... . .. . ... RO )280 r ¡;p-:.· , pulp r. 'ot !~ . ..... . ....... r. ft-r,~ 770· 910 r: .~ nuI L. In cha lle .. . ... o. .. . ... J~ · 20 ;'.,0·1,00
~~~~':~~::~ ~I~ ~.-:::::: :: ::: :: : ~~l ~gg-t /O ?;,¡¡. ph:. lc. ",Id, ¡oriiliz , r . . ... . . 60 SÓO :'hosp htl;¡ ~nd . . . .... . . . .. ... 8G-1l5 !36().-1520 ?ilOSph ¡; I ~ , triple cup;l r.
Jor lil it or. ... . . . • . .. . .. . . . . . . 55-65 ~-1040
3B 3·:
78
2~
26-Ja
35 1.0 35 4!1
Jn
·IJ r. z 38 35
35
35
. 39
31,
45
2G 3G-E0
r. s
le 17
18
2()'-22 11
12-1 .\
:0 23
15
:0
23
l3 20
3D
C~J A~7 n2~ B36 OJG C~(i I~
J\l7i11 TV C ~ & 046
037~ B~S B:'ri ". F~ 5VW 0371 e25
C75 NIV on 0 27 C,~ \l IJ 11.1 71 ~ Jf:f A 2 ~ (\ ;r, n~S T E35T Ol 'i U7¡ ", 036 AI S 03G AI. :'.V J\15PX O~51l
~' n~~ R r " .11 '1 B4~X r,JéMH r)J5 CII,XY 01& A'l5l!. 03& C46
C37 C~5H el.5
::~ 037 r:71 1111 036 ~, 035 Ol6t.1Y A35PX r~ r, T P? 'i 1I 'I r,r 01/ ,:, 02TT 045W D35W C36T OJr.TV 1 :oE1 5 ;~V nm¡ C2 ~Q 036 eZ5T E35T
B3Sr.S ;;ilDiph .~t~ ru:!. , bro!\\i n tU
enl' h. . .. . .. ............ ... 7S-US 1200-I3GO 2!l-lO 12-15 02G ;'; 'OSp hLI, rce:;, pulvorilcd . .... SO 9&0 f. O 2S B36 ;>I: .• tl t p, II, LI, iyp it r. I.. .. ...... J!l-50 560-000 C15P
-- _ . _ . .... - --_.---'-----'--_.-'-- -'--_.-
Poll'~ l y ,e"" ~utd , .... . . .... Pol. sh "' pol¡;sh n. lts,
rylvrl J, ~It ... . ........ .. . . . PlIlnnium ct rboniI16 .......... . POl c,"ium chlo,idú, pallel! . . . . . P(lt,j~~ ;um s ulph t tc .. . .... ... , . Pllmier·. \-':. :t undor . . . . -.. -.-.. ~. Pyilt CS. Iron , 2 lo 3 Ineh lumpn .. rrn!e~. Iron poll:: t!: ...... . .... . Qua rt: , dus!. .... . .' ..... . .... . Qumll, lump 3 ........... .... . . Rotk . r.,u s h ~ d ... : .......... . . . Rode . • olt. e'''voled Vlllh
'hovo l. . . . . . ...... . ....... . RU hbor, reU'Utod or &h,oddod .. Ru bbcr o rer.I (¡l rn nr ~found ...• o.
Snlieyl ic . cid ................. . son, tOmmon d"l, cocmo ( ro::~ t) . Sell . tOlnmnn dry, fin o ....... . . ~ (f lt t :1J~~. dry, eOé"SO • • .• •• ••• o
S.II c~I,¡¡ . dl'i. pulverlzúd ...... . SúnlL bt nli:, d ~ rtlp ........ .. . . . ~ r. "rl. hr; nl{. (hy ...... ' ••.. :, ;, ,,d . I,nl ndry . . ... .... . • .. •.• ~nnd s lono, bro!\o n ..........• .. ~ ;,; \','~u~t ............. , •..••• Sh n:ú . brohn ib cru:;he: d •••. . .. Sh,lI~t .................... . 5h, II .. . pnwd.,~ d o, r, rr: nult lcd Shol. ' Iot l. ..... ... .......... . !'linlor .. . ...... ... . , . .. . $1:.1., bltc:1 turnr.crl. rrush úd •. o,.
Sl uC. lurf1 I:CO. ~f[·nul & r. drv .•• • • Sl tg. lurni\ce , SJünul:a, t'/21 .... . Slnl&, dus! ... . .......... . .. .. . :,hl:: , hm,~,: . .. '.' .. • 0 ••• ' o ••
5rude • . 30Y1.~r. d .wr.t .r~d ...•. SnflVl. frosh !nllen .. ........ o.'
I i.~:;: ~~~·'I~','~il nüi." ¡,; ...... .
I pcwder .................. . . .
So,. fI. I'., s ................. . ~o.pl l o n J, 1 ~ lr, nn~ .... .... . . . 5od: Lsh. hecvy ... ...... . . . .. . Sod , ;"h. lir,hl . . . ........ . .. . SI)!1lurn nlumlnum- lutph ( I ~J ..•.. SOlhum l,i cMbon.\ to .... O" o ••••
SQdium flit"l!'· . . . . . . • . . • . .. . . Sodlum ~u l ph3'O (S\!O ccUc.d.€l ) SO'lbe:Jn~ . \'¡hOlij .... . .. . •• . • .. ~IAf ch . . .. . . . .. . ........ . . S l e~ 1 chlp¡ b turninJ::3 , cru:hed . S t ['~1 t ril"'lm i l'l r,! , Sl; f fl p .. . .••••• S:I:r :l f • _ . . ..... .. , ••••••• ~'I!!r. f blc·: r·j, lrI . . o •••• o • • •
SU!I:' f 1,,,"1 ~lIlfl , ..• . •. .. .
~~ fp'\;:,:: n,~r.~~~ '.' ~~ ... : :: :: : ::::: Sul phur, ur lo 3' lumps ... . ••.. Tr.c Dnil c. p .lI . t ~ .. . ........... . 1 (¡te., r.0wdr.r ¡:¡d ......• • .•••.• • . Tole, ump' . ........ .. ....... . T=: "h:¡ rk. ;!H'Itlnd . • o ••• • ••• • • ,
i~'I~;:.~~n~,~ ~I;;tr. ~ , ::·r.,é:···· · ·· ChDPP "d ......... .. ... . .. . .
Tr:;proc!~ , crusf\ ~d ... .• •.. . • . .. 'I rlsodlum pho, ph ¡¡Iü, ~r c uul ~. r . . '(r iso~lum phDSph . tc,
pul tf:) ril o ~ ................ .. V(¡f rnlt.:ulil ú, c·r " r.ndod . • ••. . ••. V(Hl11 lcuIr L'. or e .......... o., o o.
W;. lnut t hDlll. t ru3h:.. C: ...... . • . ~':';: I (j r ........... . .....•.... . , ~'I ood chip' (~ Ihu \1 :, i ~';' ¡ 01
Ih, nohd e/ood) ............. . Zlpc do, ' . . . .. . ........ . Z¡I'IC conct!nl rr.te:, . . Zinc o, ~, trush ::! d .~ i n c u r ~. roull'd l int o! id ::! , h ~i':vy
ZinC o .. id r, linh I
-: .. ror b, 1I t onv: yor.
:'0
65-l10 51
120-\30 f.1-48 ~O-l 5
13!r-145 120-130
70-110 8!l-100 m- I~o
100- 112 .16-55 24-30 29 r. !l-SO 70-110 OS 60-115
112-125 90-110 ¡n-95 02-90 1()'- 13 "S-95 80 31
250 100-135 CO-~3 G0-6S
10().-150 ¡r>-SO O[.-9S 'S4-l!5
!l-12 ; 0-15
,: !l-SO 30-Ji5 9·1-140 7!l-150 ~O ·60 11- 15 14 ..JlS 15-1 . 5O-l;0 OO-llS 11~130 5O-G0 8!l-95 ;5 Gn -70
1(- 2'. ~";-IOb SO
50 IG 70-80 35-':0 62
12-20 200
75-l10 15().-162 10().-IID ~O-35 10-lS
~o
1(J.10-1200 0.0
1900-2100 67().-))0 Gr,().-720
2~0()'-2300 190().-2100 112().-1280 136().-1600 20Q().-2200
IGO().-I800 7~1).{t80 JOOJ.RO 1,60 72()'-003
112().-1200 1360 SS().-1360
IS()().-ZooO I f. :' 1).. I 7S0 I 2SO-1 520 1Jt0- IC 40 160-2S0
1 36().-1520 1280 sao
GOOO ISOO-22oo 12CI)..) f. 40
SS().-II)!,O 1600·2400 1 1 2().-12BO lJiio .. mo 1030-1350
81)..190 320-720
2r.O-1oo 8(\,,240
&. 0-800 Ú80-WO 32()'-~SO
1200 660
1l2().-1280
720-1100 ~80-120
ISO()'-22C~) 120()'-2, 00 noo-s~o 19~-21, 0 38().720 2'- 0-290 DOO-9S0
128().-!J50 !9()()'-21':tl 1lOO-960
135().-IS20 USO CGO-I !20
n().-31lO !!>(I().-170l1 ~O .
OOll 260
1121)..12BO ; 6D-G!.O
1000
1!ltl-'.5n 32011 120().-12llO 2 ~ 0()'-26oo 160().-1 180
r. CO-SSO
.. '_5~~GO~\
35 32
2S 26
25 25 1.5 35 26
21_:'" -?" .
rAl
22 22 10
18-22 11 21
·20-22 16-10 22-2:1
22 22
l· : 10 !3-I:; 2HZ 20 lil
lO
¡~ 22 10
• 23 1\
12-16 12
¡u
2tI 22
21 IU 13-15
il2S
8231 52G C2ST a 1.G~ 3(7 026 r C:ST A27Y 02YZ P26
· 036 OI.S
. O(S B2SU C2GTU D2ÓYU':.' J~ ... r: B26;:.,. Bli 7 Bl7 ilm: 037 ,;: B3. 026 CIJ 325 PV BIS <;, 027 A27 e2) B',7 I<36V D?6 m í'\'!
0259 B35\ol )(': AI.5J:V 336 A36V
JéI
íl !.:ir C03, BZ"
a3. ClSV 03&\' J J7
::123 (:
C>G [~3J r.
¡\J5~Y
36
: •• : .... "".... ~o
DelermlnallOn 01 Ihe VOLUME lo be handled and Uu' H( "n lo be OV('fLom,' rwrmll'¡ r.f'If'rllrtn O' Ih(l propo, pump blZO HUI" 1110 n,., d .... ln ,uqullf>(j /ln(l the calculallons 01 a IYPlcal tnl;amplc.
<j ....
. l·' ... ' . :., _ <1 l:: .. -: l.
::-= '--:: .. - I!~ .• (.'... ./ -:¡,", .. ··,·1 . " .. :.L,
1 1
I
i ---=,,/
Froro nOrTIogf..lph .11 10~ 01 no"l pOUtl, Wiln~ spccl/ic grav,ll 01 50l'ds .: 27 and 40% concontrallon -,1 Ion 12.000 Ib")/hour =" 7.5,l),S. fftp.M . .ror .15,p,00 T/~4 haure
. I ~ 2ij:~1 tI 11! fll-n;~1
Flolii ñóriiBg:il~11 dlUOIlOm Or pngp4. u~¡nt1 SrAC':lt,c: gról'l"Y soltds =.-:' 2.7 and 40~· ... solld:;./wc'ght == 1.34 SP(;!CI'¡C gruvlly
mixture
- -,,\.--.
Frame D-HVDROSEAL Pllmp.
O..: h ... ~;Ilri:~.r -~~I~ :; '''ll:':~·.2.L''
(C?' '-~!~t.;~¡-'~l'J"'~~· :~¡:._!
From nomograph on p3ge 5. 5.000 GPM In
12' sChedu,,' ~O (12.0" ID) provldos 142 It/S(;cond veloclly 2nd 4.4/100' IncJten IOS5 (C~ 140).
Th~n determine Total Dynamlc Clear WalfH HC'é'!d SI.1I'<' Hnild-qlvun .30 O' ¡'rocl,an h<:uu-l.:lbO· 1"1'0 x 4 .1'/100 GC O Inl!.'1 lor,~cs-nvorllgc ." 4.0'
s:ro , f'l'~'1 r1h"illv D 91J("II"n hP.,~q I
F'rqrl ~r!r.rllon chart on P~9C (,
J roo GPM and 8S TU" ":lItl 1 00",. mH\U!. .10 rn~!;h sollc1s.
a
'll",Q;
r---------- __ ---"C'-' _______ _
] I(!DIC<l1:: :-o~.CI'..!::I::IOC;~ n;v: '::""'"..'l'c.Y. ~r.o.
: :.: l'l lirOROSEML ¿ CE1tlRISEAL Rubbcr·Lim.'d P\Jmp:.. HYOnOS(AL Il.l,.'ltrl Pumpll ($cnd ot drcdYIf I)'po)
CL'()':j'¡t<..c.{ 'O-~ O:M)~ 1M""';
. , ." "< " .. ~ •• :. "~ •• :. • ~., ;:.:.i',:": A • , 1 l' l· ,,¡" e:" ".~. ~:::f,J.'1l ~ 1 _, .. _J. --:'1 ~- :.:.t¿'''-: ".-" - , , ··¡'·l'.· -.1."'- - - •. 1, - .. 1 ... ; J I j'. re ~'. J', IC'. '.l¡, 10:1, ~ ¡: .... r~~. II'~ '!' 11 - ro, _'" ._~ '_,_ U I~. I~ C. ,', 'o', I .. t~ ~_ '~':L~:: . ..:,-. "1 ,1 - ,1 ./ " .. l" ....... '. '.. .... • ,. .... • •• .,' - " I 1-1- -r- T- v· >') _. - I
y. -~-r - - --1 - - - - -r-- - • ·t I ..... " o.' • I'B' "j. '0 .' t U o " '. - .'; " .. " ",' ","'.' .1.~ .. ,.~" -r::l,-,'-j'~ ~.í- ... , .. !~ !" .... 1·.~·1 .. j"I' ,1,1., . .'. '.1 .! .. j.1 .:. 1 •. 1'.'1 .' ....•. ! .. "tl ",-:¡' I -t, r ,1· l." .;-:-:.:~: .'. -.i""J/).'-:- ~.I··."7-::J "1
• 1, • • 'I ¡"I --1.-- 41 -r-:f' - -;-re, _ .. , - : 1
¿4=,T1.:lJ~~! :;f.~. ~:lF,~.!-J~. >tT l+"R! i~'-';l~C o.: ;:'t;j;,' ¡'-¡! :~_·~~·'J:-~I' <~'-:l' '-'-,--1-':;-+ I:--t :,'; .'-- . --.-r . ~ - -_. . - -- ... : ~- _ ..... _. _ -o j _ l-=--S _:_- r'- ,) • : _'~ o'. - 1·'·· .. 1 -... : ! _ I G 10 I t - " - 1"', - U'¡ :"1'0 Ir:; 1.0 '.~! '_J. .• ~ _1 - ~_ • -1 ' __ ~:_:l.::J.::.:.....:~.:.:.T" ''''·1- - ': 1 ( n=r~ I I Ir . .:.. L. J_J .. 1 _
15000
10000 9000 8000
7000
&l\.,,()
5000
4000
3000
- 2000
1000 900
800
700
[,00
500
400
300
(/) Q)
..c:: u c::
c::
OJ Cl.. .-
O-OJ ..-- «-::;:, o c:: t-
;:¿: Q) ....... Q)
"--- E OJ o- ro (/) O c:: o Q)
"O
ro en C'.!:l c::
U?
~
24 24
o LO
20 18
18 16 -
16 J4 -
14
12 . 12
10 - 10
8 B
6
5 5
4 - 4
:w,
- 37 =
Vl eL)
..c:: O u C> c:: ......
11
c:: Ü
!>.., Q) O O- '+-
O- I J>..J Q,)
Q) Q,) Q) w.... c!-J
C/J C> "'-' c=> blJ ...... 3: '-
Cl)
"O Cl.. ....... -...-. U? OJ -..- Q.)
o u...
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5 0.6
0.8
1.0
2
3
4
6
8
10
0.1
0.2
0.3
o 0.4 ~
..-l 0.5 n 0.6 Ü
3 .... ro o..
3
1\
s ~ ¡¡:: o u (!,) 6 ~
1'';';' C!) Q,
.".... 7 Q)
w u~
¡;;;:: 8
~ :;::9
e:. c:: .-(.>-o> ... .:::.------ O
.::: ___ .3·
-200--u.,--b.O
...... ~~ -;;-.0; : ]0:--'"0 _l.--Q)- -.----- '-' '" ru 10 E .. ~ > C\'J
Q.)
100 90 80 70
60
50
AO
30
20
10
.... ro
..c:: u en
O
. OJ ro ::I: 30 ::c
: 2\/¡ O ...... O 40
...... 20 O
ro (/)
2 c:: ti') 50 V')
E <...J co _.
o --l
Z 80 ¡tI¡
ti')
30 o -l
4a 50 60
1'/, 80
200 100
For values of Williams and Hazen /lG" factor other than those shown on nomograph, determine Friction Loss for e =:. 100 and correct by using multipliers here indicated.
Value 01 ¡ C" 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 Mulliplier .54 .62 .71 .84 1.00 1.22 l.50 1.93
11
12
13
15
16
~
w w lL.
1 O <r W I
U -:'E 4 Z >-O
..J <r ~ O ~
ISO ~------~--~~--~r-~~~------~---r--.--.-.'-~'-------.----'---.--r-r-r~·~------l'--~ : .
160 ~------~--+--+--~~~~~-------+----r---:--~~~-++-------1---'--~-+~~r4-+~-~----~1----4
170
160
150
14 (l
130
120
110
100
90
60
70
60
50
'i0
30
20
:0
O
j ~----~----~-+~--~r-t~+-------~----r--+-~~~r+~-----------+-~--~+----r~~------~---~
I I ~------i----+--+___I--t--li--t_l -li------~~-r--+~I--I---1-+-++-------- -----+---1-- r-~+_I-+~----__t_-----i
- - --i ~='"=---------';;;;-~ I
~J
~----___I~--+I--+--l--I--ll--i-------~---- ~--+_1_-r1_~1_------
tcl-~--,----t------j
G I Ir
r: V , . .-
10 2 2i t.; 5 3 3 100 2 2 :5 ;:¡ 5 S B 10,000 i;
'vi (Xl
o o o o O'> IX) ,... ID
00000000000 ~ ! ~ ~ = 2 0'>10."" "ID ~
133.:/ - 0'\13H ::l HIIJ'\1NAt 1'\1101
CAPITULO 11
TRANSPC)RTEI1!DRA'UlICO
- 1 =
J:.JOMENCLATUH.A ~
n ~ Coeficiente rugosidad material del canal (Adimensiól".!al) Q = Flujo volumétrico o caudal (rn3/seg)9(U~So GPM) i := Pendien te del canal (fracci6n de n (Adimensional)
R = Radio hidráulico (m) ::: S/p p = Perimetr~ mojado (m)
S, :;: Superficie de flujo (m2 ) v ::: Velocidad media (m/seg)
C = Coeficiente de ~lannj_g v F = NQ de Fraude (Adimensional) = -:I/;:::¡g'==b;::;;' 7l~1=-
1 ::: Ancho superior del escurrimieúto (m)
l¡'órmulas de Manni¿,: Q o n
Vi v =
::; ~. R 2/:;
n2 / 3 o i 1/2
Régimen del flujo~
Canales Rectangulares:
c-----------·-- lf
Y J ..
k-- b --".j
Canales Tuberías~ I
n
F >1 (Torrentes) F <1 (Rías)
s -- b Y
R b o y
:::
b + 2y
A = Superficie de flujo
T = Ancho superior J - Didm~tro interior o
(Adimensiona1 0
tabulado en . .fU!!
ción de y Ido'
A Ido p Rico p tabulados o ,
Ver tablas: Geomo Elern,. for circular Channel secciono
.r 08.).18.1 Trape e :Cal ; (b yz)y S -H-:: -}
V1-~" R. <. 2(b .;. yz ..... y p.;2 ~:I . ,
4.PP;cSD1X A. CEO~ILTK«' Eu:::uz,,;'¡-r- 7011 Czt'!.CU! .. JH'! r:JI~.~!:>;:::!. Sr.:;c¡,·sn,ó:·'
U UI O U2 uro O O·l 005
\ o'bt, O 07 U U8
. u &.1
U 10
o 1I u 11 U :.~
o l·! o 1;'
o lti
o Ji o H! U l~ o 20
U 21 U:?2 o 2:1 0 . .2-1
o 25
U 2ti U 27 0.215 o 29 o :w
do ~ dianll'll'r f¡( '-' rnydnmlic rrncliull y V> ÚCplh uf lIu\\ l' ~ &.03' " .. ¡cilh
A = \Vu!cr arca D ~ hyuraulic dcpr.h
l' ~, wcllcr prIIllH'Ic:, Z n A ",·ID u'cc('lion !QC':Of foy
c .. iticcl .. aot~· ~m.rtlit\!i!)!l
_ .. ,; -1 ~~>¿l/) .~ " ~~~'.
-''4-
I A P R I '{ J!) .- _. - - -do' .Jo do I do de -,------- 1-
, {) UUl3 1 O :!UU:1 :U. \)UI.ti I O :!lHU ~.WUí3
~~~: ~ 1: /~~¡;j' , J . ::iü~ ~ r ~~. :~:::;:;' ':.~. (~C:}~ l . ·~-t~;~ I
: I
I
I I
I
,
, I ,
I
O UO:). O.ODli!J O.OH),) O.OH7
U U192 u u:!~2 u U:?!J1 I u 0:150 u ú-lU'J
i
() 01";0 i o 0: •. 1-1 o uw{' o OliliS
lJ U;j!J I I
O O~ll I u "Ss:, u O:llJl I
u lu:t~
o ¡ IllS
o 11!1!J I o l:!~l ! !J \la5 I
u 1~·IV
(t 1535
!J hi:?:1 u 1.11
o J~O o ¡SUO O. J!)S2
O 2S:¡S O a~S2 I 0."\027 O.·~.)iO
O -\().I9 0.;'):\55 O 5;35 : o u()~11 I o &4J5 i
: o O;til
o ;o:.i I
o ;377 o ;ti70 O. 7~5'¡
I
I
O S~:lO i
u "';00 o¡;;¡¡:¡ !
U !Jll!U O!12;J I
o !I.i::¡ I
O.!I;lj·l
t .0701 1 0!'2)~ I
: !l5:! t . l37:~ 3.15!l:.!
I[UH:.I2 O.OI!J' C.02G2 t.0326
n.03S9 1).0-151 0.0.')13 o U¿,;~ 0.01>35
o DO!)5 o U;5.,\ u 0813 0.0871 O.OUZ!)
C.O<JSG O. 10·!2 o 101. \) 1152 o S20G
u 1259 u. 1:112
[¡ !3G·3 U I~!!l
!iJ HliO
:) ~5H¡
V. B5GG O.~G1-1
~ lGG2 'C a7~1
I
, I
I I
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~hol ¡¡pprol<lm~¡ely 50,000 g¡.1. (49,1'05.56) (,,11 b;., ConLIi1<1cl. :n ¡¡ 'itmk 1 'rooi' deep únd 92 'íael In dl"rm:l",r, 01' In ¡. :l '¡00'1 'li:mk 65 '¡",el in di"m81er, 01' by tl I¡,nk 10 fee'¡ de"o Lile! 29 1;:01 In dilirn;¡íur QI' by v Illnk 11 '¡¡:¡¡;¡1 de.;p hy ~W Lal !íI dlomdel" (which wlll conloln 51,"/96 gal.). '11' iCn:)¿'Oobí"cI 01" su¡·ga cüpúcUy :>houlc! be providecl v~'~i·..:iCiUií·~.>¿. ?'i'Opol"Í/on9 (¿lomu1ar ;c clcplh) 01 I¡¡n!, wlll C0¡J,¡¡t¿ -.Ji;
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kS?ZREZ¡,. RELATIVA COMO UN:, m¡,¡C!O¡'! DEL DII,I"lETtlO PARA , TUBERIA DE VkRlOS MATEnIALES.
: It, I 0,00001 L-_L.._IL-~-'---L-l...~~:-L:L:--l....--=---::-:';:--~~-:::",:":
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 10 20 30 40 60 ,..BQ-lOO D1Am('lro de lü iubcrln con pulnodno
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NOkOGRAM MAV BE USEO I rHIS S v"'OSE • ~OR All FlUI~OSIl; I~. :¡aUAl I I1 IHEJ.:IdIC VIS I - aer
A r Oí- WA r ER f\ IJ • ~ 10 IH ~ VISCOSllltS OI VIO~ :=O r:i OiH.:..R . " tE r' TIC:. r O:t~ 1 . ' "AO'" GIl A:»1 e _ . _ I ~'R • 10 "'IHO I IHEI-I PROCHO _ '" f!EY!
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l\.H;lh.II.:Uh. Ú..: 1"lIlllllll..ltI" ( .• ,,111 ¡. 111" d,< 'IlfU .. II'·) I'n ('"l1'i,')l1 flrl "ÚmI'TO oc Rrvnold5, para el tnsb de d~~jlll1[u¡ miento de sólidos granuJan:s )' c:~lcra.s C;:ll .:1 ~C:IlU <.1", lIunJu,.'·'
!OCJO
bOa 400
200
lOO 60 40
20
10 6 4
2
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Número ce Reynolds. basado en el diámetro de una
esfera de Igual diámetro que la panicula. D;"
Valures dd coeficiente de frutamiento (cueflciente de alra'lrcl "11 Itlllc'ii," ,kllllllllCl'O de H~·)'n()ld~. para p;lrtí'1I1ó\~ de di\'ersa e,fericidad.Il:¡
= 9 ~
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'?é,dida de presión para flujo a través de lechos empacadOG
"'. ".)
11
EL FACTOR DE FRICCION COMO UNA l'UNCION Dl!..L NUMERO DE
REYNOLDS CON ASPEREZAS RELATIVAS tOMO PARAMETno.
I ¡ i I II ---.--~- ... li,~
Q.\;;' ~ 0..- 0.01
Q
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0.002 II II!
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~o ~ ~ . fio\!!. (Af¡¡;\.,o¡¡ .... , chart for pipe .. "actor (Moody) Fm:tlon 1
" 13 "
-.:~:...,:,:'.-;-,~~::: -=:"_'_ -::: 3:)'-"~q\C~,'_ Fñ.:n'c'_::.s IN UOlllDS [\í,m (1i\S:FS Eaomple' Requlred 15 the veloclty 01 ioll l' In woter 01 '20l'C o'i O bo\l v.'t'lh II diuITIl!Y\¡1 ~;)~~¡;í",
Densdy 01 water PI ~1 g/cm 3. Abs vise 01 water ''1 ~ 01 pOlse Dellslt.y of spherc PQ" j y/en.,::;
~"ecolculote d."PI_-.20'O ond !P,f'21 '"--;>'10-2 F Al I 2C)O Ih '1 ,,' ~ A fom I le \10 lee on e obs e IS$O t'lS io IIo\'! )' h:.l tJfj'O~1 PI ..
" :: Velocify 01 foil in cm/sec tl " Diometer of sphere in cm
?jJ" Densdy of spherc In g/cm3
The scale lar Ilqulds musf be used,
PI : Densdy of fhe liquid Oi gos iíl ylel,l;'¡ ." = Viscosdy 01 "quid Uf gas il\ pOlsj
Re = Reynolds
glt: Accelerot Ion in Ihe f leld in cm/sec 2
v .. Pl f" l1umber: _u __ ,~) '? ,;'1,
- ),
Temp eratura ·C
700 °F
g.\ ,," r en 'Jlll ¡"'1 l. l' \,;... d I~JilflCr;111l1 a. a la IHC\I,.n " nll "J, .\ de 1 . 1
~
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o
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CAPfTULO 1I1
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-Aket Industrl Produkter , -lIsvlkVelon30 7000 Trondhelm, Norway (Mlnoral Procoaslnp Syelnme, Ine. 240 Areh SI. P.O. Box M.J12 York, Pe. 17405)
Tho Boolh Co. Dlv.ol MCRC 333 West 1410 Soulh Sall Lake Clty, Ulah 84115
CoJumn Flolallon Co 01 Cenada LId.
Modol
FM·lFM·2 FM·3 FM·5 FM-l0 FM·20 FM-40
48 60 96 120
.F'L01'
Tolll yolume pe. cal!
(11')
27 74
109 179 3(,0 i15
1,4'16
40 65
226 500
1
O.plh I.om
lop 01 Cell lenglh
(In)
Cell wldlh
(ln) lank Rolo. ape&d (In) (rpm)
39')', X 39')', X 57 X 57 X 63 x 63 x 74)', ~ 74y' X
94'/, x gol'/, x 118'4 x 118'4 X
147'1. X 147'Y, X
48 x 66 x 96 x
120 X
48 x 66 x 96 X
120 X
29',1, 39~ 47Y. 5!;'4 70'k 88~.
112y,
24 33 48 60
18 x 18 x 513 36 x 36 x 525 72 x 72 le 537
560 405 356 2!ln 242 177 145
Porlpharal Impoller speed: 1,800 fUmln
aarallon Impoller
1,350 ftlmin
agllallon Impeller
Welghl al Powe. pe. huYI .. I
ch." compone ni (hp) (lbl
2.55 6.70
10.0 13.4 20.1 29.~ 43.60
7.37 14.75 40.21 60.32
880 1,325 1,775 4,200 6,600
13,250' 26,750 \
Alrpercell It'/mlnnb/ln.'
1·1.5 fI'/mln per It' 01 c811/
. 3lb11n.' mlnlmum
Solllnduced Solf Induced Self Induced ! Sel! Induced '.
10/40 40/40
¡
327 Parkwood Clrcle Dorval HOS 3M, Que,
160/40 l' ,
~------------------------------------------------~----------~~/-------------------, Delsler Conconlralor CO.lne. 901 Glasgow Ave. P.O. Box 1 Fort Wnyno, Ind. 1\6001
Donvor Equlpment Dlvlslon Joy Manufaclurlng Co. 621 So. Sierra Madre Colorado Sprlngs, Colo. 80901
Dorr·Ollver Ine. 77 Hovemoyor Lone P.O. Box 9312 Slamford, Conn. 06904·9990
Flotalre
O-R 8 15 18 24 100 1BO 300 500 1,~75
1.500
Cell lo cell modol 8 15 13 24 30 1BO 300 500
00·100 00·300 00-500e 00-600 00·1000
_ 00·1350 00·1550 00·2500
075
3 1~ 2·5 50
100 180 300 500
1,;>75 1,500
2.75 12 24 50
100 180 300 500
100 300 500 600
1,000 , -1,350
1,550 2,500
Cyllnder dla. 96 180
19 x 16 x 22 28 x 24 x 36 36 x 32 x 42 40 x 43 x 48 62 x 62 x 60 72 X 72 x 76 BIl x Bl! x 1\4
106 x 106 x 90 lGA x 1~9 x 102 (undor dovolopmont)
19 x 16 x 16 28 x 24 x 30 36 x 32 x 34 48 x 43 x 40 62 x 56 x 48 78 X 72 X 64 88 x 88 x 72 112 x 106 x 78
Inlerlor dlmcnslons 60 x 60 x Aa
,90 ,x ,90 x 74, 106 x 106 x 89 116 _ ,x 106 X 97 132 x 132 x 114 150 x 141 x 127 156 x 15G x 127 100 x 100 x 158
1,800 1.800 1,800 '1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,:>00 1,000
1,800 1,800 1,800 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200
171 162 162 138 184 138 159 138
13,000
Heavlest Max. ~ componen!
InSlsllOO lo, maln molor h¡l Irame
1.5 3 5
7.5 15 20 30 40 75
1.5 :3 5
7.5 10 20 30 40
10 20 25 40 50 60 75
100
320 900
1,400 1,800 3,000 4,500 7,300 9,900 0,700
754
814
1,515 1,682
1-;500 . 3,800 5,240 8,290 8,200
13,200 14,000 14,000 V.lank
8ogmen!
10130 26.61SO
(15-11 lank deplh) 14.2130 38.5150
(11.5·fllank deplh)
Blower alza
(rougher appllcatlonl
121.6 2511.0 4511.25 90/1.5 13511.5 180/2.0 27012.6 40012.8 50013.-4
;1, ,I i
Sell Induced Selllnduced ' Selllnduced Selflndueed selflnduced Selflnduced Selflnduced Selflnduood
Maxlmum dlaperalon capablllty Inw~ler
.~ ,
150/2.0 275/2.5 350/3.0 550/3.0
900/3.25 j' 1,200/3.5 1,400/3.5 2,00015.0
CLASIFICACION DE REACTIVOS PARA 'LA FLOTACION • . , R.eg.,nl formul"
Alkyl MercaptBn R-SH
AlkylDlthlocorbonote ,.5
R-O-C IXonthDtel ...... S- Na"
,. Dlalkyl Dlsulllde .... S S~C_O_R' IDí"8nthogenl
R-O-e, ",
S-S
S O 11 11
Xanthogen Formates R-O-C-S-C-O-R'
I
Olalkyl Dhhlocerhllma1o R', .,..S
N-C R'" 'S- Na'
S
U /H Dlalkyl Thionocnrbamnte R-O-C-N
'R' () -Z S O
ON-~-N-o - Th!ocntbnnllldn z - I I <t
H H
Mercaptobonzothlazole CC'~ 5 .... 0-5- N.+
Oialkyl Oithiophosphato R-O, ""S
/p, R'-O S- Na+
O C.l'bOJ:Y'Ate 11 IFotty Acldl R-C-'O- H+
O
11 Al\cyl Sulphoto R-O-S-Nt
R O
o il
Alkyl Aryl Sulfon" •• R'a
S-
OH (Petroleum Sulfonalel
I 11 O
--R'N/ H o Prlmery Amln. - H'" 'H' Ct-z
o -o-R" R'" <1:
OUlllternery Amine 'N/ o R'''' 'R' CI-'
"
Figure 16.6. Common I1ntation coliectors.
I
I I
,
i
I I
I : ;
Oleie C H,ICH,I,CH. CH(CH,I,COOH
lInole" C H,(CH,I.CH, CHCH,CH· CH(CH.),COOH
Llnolenic C
Abl.tlc (rosln'
Figure 1 6.7. Carboxylic acids found in tall oil., __ .- _ ... .. ,
R .. g.~~
Polypropylene Glycol Elher
Melhyl Ilobulyl Cftrblnol (MIBC)
Terpineol (Pina 011)
Xylenol (Creayllc Acl d)
FI¡:urc 16.R.
Formula
CH,-(O-C,H')n- OH
C~ CH - CH-eH -CH, '''a I 2 I
CH, OH
OH
CH~CH, U,
Common l1otation Crothrrs.
_ I¡ _
REACTIVOS COLECTORES Dl SI'ONI !JLES COHERCIALMEN E,
DENOMINACIO:¡ Ql'IHICA y COMERCIAL.
OOYi CflEMICAL
AMERICAN CUNAMID
KINEREC SBELL
XAHTATOS y SUS DERIVADOS
XANTATOS:
Et11 Xantato de Potacio
Et11 Xantato de Sodio
Isopropl1 Xantnto' de Poto~ln
lsapropil Xantalo de Sodio
Z-3
Z-4 Z-,)
Z-ll
Sutil Xantato d~ Potasio Z-7
Ieobutll Xantalo de Sodio Z-ll.
Se.but11 Xantato de PotsGl0 ~-8
Secbutl1 Xantato d~ Sodio Z-12
Amil Xu.nt.1llo Uf! l'OLll;iu
Sec amil Xantato de ~otaGl0 Z-5
Hexl1 Xantato d~ PotauiD Z-lO
Iocbutll Xantato de Potasio
k-303
iL325
R-322
R-343
R-317
R-301 R-350
·fUt,.MJfrt .... ~.~~~.dtitaIO x'~l.B~} .. ~utn };ltn, ¡'-O1'1!> , dú lél-llo
Ieobutil Xan. formo d~ Etilo
Secbutil XUll. f:)!"m. do i::ti)"
Amil Xan. formo de Etilo
Metil ami1 Xan. formo de Etilo
Iso-ami) Xan. formo de- Lt;l'"
leopropl1 ~Lll T.C.
Ieopropil ~et.] r.e. Bu t. i 1 M e t 11 '1'. c. Isobulil Eti1 T.C.
Isobutil Hetil T.C. n-butil Etil T.C.
n-amil Metil T.C.
160butil meti 1 '1. >:. ~ ~1 ~~
!:5TElIE:; AAN'!'ICu:,;:
Allyl Amil tet tr :( aro t 1 ca
Allyl Hexil Ester Xanticc NO_X II.NTA ':'OS:
12l.T 10 ro S F:" T()_-? : - DIAHYI. lJITI\)~\l:.:l~~
1 'j ~,
25 %
31 ~
33 ~
:' •.. :'\ h)
--.
- R-3302
R-3461
R-15
R-25
R-31 6 242
1<-31
R-33
HI/OTH
SF-142
Sr-102
5F-153
Sr-l13
5f-114
SF-124
SF-145
5F-146
5F-154
'lPltI nn" 89éi 6 1995 SF-224
201
1040 Sf'-205
27 5F-226
194 5r-225
1661 Sr-52 ~
1703 SF-333
1331 SF"-334
1(,(,9 $F'-324
1846 Sf-314
1615 sr-304 18}8 SF-315
Sf-317
1750
202)
SF-541
2074 S}'-54~
SF-534
S}'-544
SF-545
= 5 r_'
~ DIALKYL DITIOFOSFATOS
D1et11 D.Fo De Sodio
Dieocbul11 D.Fo de Na
Dllaopropil D.fo de Na
D1iaobut11 D.F. de Na
Dibut11 D.F. de Na
D1mlil1l DoF" de Na ,?
jiONOTIOFOSFATOS
DITIOFOSFINATOS
HERCAPTOBENz,01'IA7..0L
TIOCARBANILIDA
- ál'IE?ICAló ~ilNEREC
Sodium Aerofloat Promolor
R-238
R-211 6 R-243 ~
R-3477 2044
R-350l
R-249 R-135
1-1-3394 R-194
R-341B
R-404 R-407 R-4l2
1-1-130
REACTIVOS ESPUMilNTES DlSPOl<lIBLES COHERClliLMENTE
COMPUESTO PRINCIPAL
~otil laobutil Carbinol
'i'orp1noolcoo
Mela, pmTa, orto era801
Motil ~il alcohol
ALCOHOLES
( R-OH )
ETERES POLIOLICOLICOS
Etor allc611co.~el propileno
Etet 011c611co del Propileno
PARAFINAS SUSTITUIDAS
~=' .. .'.: ..... _ ...... -'" Tx-ieton:ibutsno
NOMBRE COMERCIAL
M 1 B C
{
AC01 t.e c!G Pino IIl!rculoa Yal."Ulo¡
Aceite de EucaliptU3
Flotol
Beido C .. es111co
{Ael."Ofroth~65 Dor!fJ:"otl1=25D
Do" f:i'0'~hr~1012
Un16~ Cal."bide P 6400
T E B Frothar
SF=553
S.n;554
80
70
- 6 -
FIGURE 24
WATER REQUIRED TO PREPARE 10% and 25% AERO Xanthate Solutions
60 ~
10%
50
. 40
30
20
10 Wat~ Rl!c;uired
U.S. Galions In Thousands
o I I I ! L-----~1~O-----2~O~----73~O-----740~----~50~--~60~----~7~O~~~·-·--
{jo D,~Q~fmflliía~io" o~ Active Xar.U,ate in Xan\:ilate ~ü¡PJQI(lrls bV ~!'lG ,f.\.ceione r~~ethod
1. Apparaius
Fisher Vacuum Filtratar (tall-form) equipped with a lqng stem tunnel and Win plate
A source 01 heat mainíained beíween 45"'C. and 55~C. (hat plate ar water bath)
1 - 25-ml. Pipette 2 - 50-mI. 8urettes 1 - 250-mi. Erlenme~'er Flask with Stopper .¡ - 250-ml. Volumetric Flask 2-150-ml. Beakers .¡ - Transfer Funnel Glass Stirring Rods
2. Reagents
Hydrochloric Acid - 0.1 N Standard Sodium Hydraxide - O. 1 N Standard Acetone (Ory} Methyl Red I ndicatar - 0.2% Aqueaus Aqueaus slurry of long fiber asbestos
3. Procedure
Weigh an 8-gram sample to the nearest milligram. Keeping the volurne to approximately 100-ml.. wash 'trie S~í'I;prff inlo "a 250-ml. Erlerm;':eyer fi'ásk with ace~one. Stopper the f1ask and shake and allow the sample to stand for ai least five minuies.
In ~he meantime. prepare an asbestos pad on the vvm plate ot ¡he filtrator runne!. Carefully wash U,e asbestos ¡-¡rsr witl1 distilled water and U,en with ace~ons under vacuum. Oiscard al! wa$hings.
Ths same asbestos pad can be reused several times by washing with hOI water and tl1en wilh acetone aHer eacll test.
Filtar ¡he sample into a clean. dry 250-ml. volume~ric flask under vacuum in the filtrator assembly. Rinsa ¡he sides of the Erlenmeyer flask and iunnel and lhe Witt plate vvith acetone. allowing the filtraie to mix with the sample solution. Dilute to mark with acetone and mix thoroughly.
Add 35-ml. 0.1 N HCI to each 01 two 150-m!. beakers.
'" Pípette a 25-ml. aliquot of the sample solution to one 01 the beakers. Place. both bea~ers in a bath maintained b<:ltween 45°C.-55~C. for 15 minutes. wilh occasíonal agitaUon. Remove the beakers and allow the contents to cool to room temperature. Add 2 to 3 díOpS of methyl red Indicator and titrate to an orangE:-ye!low endpoioít with 0.1 f\l sodium hydroxide.
4. Calculations
~~et Titer = mI. oí 0.1 N NaOH required for blank - mI. of 0.1 N NaOH required tor sample
% Xanthale =
"-¡"!et Titer X N of NaOH X M.vV. X ·¡OO
Sample Weighí: ----- X 25 X 1000
250
172.3 fer AERO 30'¡ Xanthate 160.3 for AERO 303 Xanthate .¡ 72.3 ter AERO 3'¡ 7 Xantl1ate '144.2 for AERO 325 Xanlhate 158.2 Í"or AERO 343 Xantl1ate 202.4 tor AERO 350 Xanthate
Cp\PITULO IV
HIDRO - ELECTROMETALU'RGIA
DERIVACION DE ECUACIONES PARA LA
INTERCONVERSION DE UNIDADES DE CONCENTRACION fL-
~n Jine ",iLh t.hc recento llpp;rncling in (he teaching of the principies of chcmistry it, would seem approprillie that the handling of eoncentmtion uníts and their interrollversion be treatrd in II manner more likc t.hat. enC'0l111 1 ('rro in physiea.J rj¡(,l1list.ry, Srv('1'a,l of thc more recell! gellcral eherllislry tcxtbooks are llsinp; syl1lholi(: ddil1it.ions of cO!1(:ent.rn.liol1 uní!.!" huI huve 1101, clC1l1t wil h Lhe clcrivaLioll uf t.11(: equl1Liolls relatin¡¡; thcm. TIH'se dcrivations involvc only l.he simples!. n.lgeul'U: (lIus Llley [tren'!, open t.O eriticislll Oll the basis of t1H' dim(,u]t.)' of 11l!' l1ln.t.hmllllt.ir.s involvr'd.
Syrnuols ill Utis nl"l:a are no\' wcll sLlLndnrcli~(:d.
Thosc chosen hprc are commonly used. The firsL stcp is t.o symboli(~lllly defillc thc (~Oll(,CIILr:1tion UlliCs (Lhe examples are for binary sysl,ems):
wc' ' __ lOOW,. IV, = wt.. ~ol\'eJlL (g) /'e' - IV, + W, lV, = wt. solute (¡:;)
1 on077 , 71 1 "" rnolcH RolvCIl t e = -y-- n, = moles solute
M, = mol. wt. solvcni lOOOn".l lIf, = mol. wt. solute e = lV1 + lV~ V = volllme solutioll (mI)
<= lOOOn, (/ = dell~ity solution (g/mi)
m lVo/c;, = wt. % solute IV, e = !nolnrity
X, =_11_,_ 711 n. rnol,tlit.y n, + 77., .,y, = mole frndioJl solute
Thc cquaLion I'clating an)' ,two eonecnlr:1l.ibh uniLs mn.y be obt.ninc(l by .. a- ¡.wo-s1.('p 'p)"(lC'r~s: 1) Salve ea(:h ef tIJe two symbolic UC(iilit.iol1K fol' u eOllllll(HI lerrn which contains all of eithcJ' t1w salllte or solvent, 2) Equn.te thc parts equal to t.his terll1, c:lneclouL Lhe rcmaining ext.ensive ternu;, and solv!' fol' Ihe concentrn.tion unit dcsired.
Example l-Derü'e a formula fo/" conlJerling weight % lo molarity:
Frorn the definition ofweight %: W01" = lOOW, . /02 lV
1 + W,
1fT + 11' '" lOOTl', I 1 lJT%,
l'rom l.hc dcfinition of moll1rit.y: -- - lOOOn.d
e = --"-lV, + lF,
lV. + 11'1 '" ~ c:l IflOolr:d e -¿~-¡;-
Note 1.]¡n.t Lhe cornmon t.crm (T1'. + W 2) containR 11
of tlle solvento Fn.ilure to remove all oC one of t.J: conftif.llcntR at this point may result in 8, much mOl
diflicult solution, . EqllnL(\ Lile t.cnns which nrr. qunl to W 1 + IV!:
lOOTV2 lOOOW211 W%¡ = cM2
Cancel out tha other const,ituc-mt (it hdsto cancel simplify, n.ncl solve ror t.he conccntratio~n unit c!csired:
lOdW%¡ c"'--_· Ms
Exa.mp/r. 1J-DerilJe a formula for COl1'.l1crting mole fra~ tion lo mola.lity:' ."
The common tcrm in this CMe is nat so obvious, bu nI or W. wil! easily serve:
Frol11 tite dcfiniLion oC mole fraction:
. ni n;(1 - :ú) nl e:r -; - nt c::::! "ti
}':¡ .....
From t&e definition of molality:
Uf lOOOn,; "1=--m
Equating:
lOOOXs m=----MI (1 - X,)
Thc pm('C'dure described aboye has bccll used SU('(:css" [ull}' wil hIl\"o honors sections oC general chcllIisl Y'y. T)1e tolal 1 ¡rllc requircd was no nl,ore than is usul1J1y Rpent 011 ('OlH;cnlrntion \ll1its, ancl it is bclicvcd thlil í.hc lon~-rangc gain is grcater..
,. L <>
- SOLUBlLITIES
S. so!llbl,· ill ", .... ler. A. s"lul.lf' ill licios. ill~ulubl" in water. p. partiall)' soluble in wat.er. 5t)]uble ill rlilulr arids. I. illsulul,lc ill dilu\.t, acid~ "ud iu waler. u. slighlly soluble in acids. insoluhle in waltr. d. drcomposes in water .
, ~ I -c 1I g 1 ~ I ~ Ir ª 1,' ~ I <.r_:~ ,. ::. ' ... , f '" ~ ... ~. ~ ~' IV t i ;: -¡:: I - -'. ~.§ ~ ~
___ . __ • _--:. I ~ 1_=' . '-~ ; ~ ,1 ~ ! = - 1 i _ ~ __ t_~ __ Cn_-_ _ . rn_::> __ rn_
~~~::::~;:;II I ~ : ~ : s ~,~ ; ,~ i .!",' II ~~ 11
.; ,1 .~.~.: .~: A~ s o; d~ (\¡~.'II\'I(',. tl:I'l·l'l\ ~," :1 :~I""~' II '1: .~ .. , :,.,.,.-"
,l" ;-'.-.... I '.,' ~ .. ' ~,: l' ~ Ar ~ A? LU!'I"" ( 11 ) :-; 1; -.-, A 1'1< .,
Iron(I f) S 1 ~ I l' ,;-' ~ - 1:\ ::, :-, .\ A S A
üun(I1J) ~ I s I ,1 s s~ l' .:,\ I '\-; ~ ~s A AP
,\. ~ Al! Lrad(lI) S l' S .\ S - r - P " l\l.a¡!nCSilllll S 1
1 A~ 11' 1:-. S S :\. ::i S A P :\ S d
~i~~~~~.t;~~(II) ~ u ;~ ; ~,~Sl.: I -PI)' '.,\ I ;I~ ,'~.~ ~ ; 1 Pd
S A
l\í. crcury(ll ) S 1 S I - s' P '" Po\.as .. ;jlllll I S S ~ ¡ S ::i S S ;-; S S S S S S Silvl'r P ¡¡ A I s ¡¡ l' - I T S P A P A
SodillnJ S S ::i I ~ s s " s ~ s s s s S StrulIliullI S S J> ;-; S r s :S S S A A P S "!'jn(IT) el S -11 SI ') A A ~ el A A S A Tin(l\') S l::i . .. <.' : s' 1 S i J' d - - A S A Zinl ' ¡S , S p, s I p I A l ::i S P A A S A
- SOLUBILlTY ~') f' COMPOUNDS
~olllbiliti('" ¡!i\'('n ill ¡:rallls of allh y droll~ é'.ompÜ1l111J t!¡;!l , .. H he dissolvrd in 100 grams of I'¡aler <Jt t1w ind ic;tl"d tl·IU¡Wr.tlllr!",. ____________ -,-_· ___________ ·_r··_~_ ···· _
_____ .:_: ,_.II_I\_)('~Il~ _ .. . _. __ L_";o_~: _1 ._~~I __ 600 e 100° e /\llIllIlI1\i""1 dtl"rirll' ArtlnlOllillll¡ nilntl l'
Bariulll ltyrlroJ xidc' . CalcilJ": hydftl,x idt> l.ak illlll sulfat(' (g~ p~: U!1l) (;r rill!ll "ulf.ll\: ( ~ "Pll!'r(ll ) "\llrall' J,,¡.¡¡d( 11 ) t'hloride í,,¡:ad(l!) Ililrulc ;\jrfCllr)' (l J) ehluridc
Potassiulll bromide l'olat.siuJll <:}¡lor.llt· .?otaSl>ium chloride Pot..'lssium !odide ~)otassium nitralC ?otassiulll sulfate Silver nitrate Sndium ar.e\.atc So<lium rhloride Sodium nitra!t~ ~u"ar (sucrose)
I 29 .t. 1 37 .2 I 55.2 . 77.3 ~ l B. J 11 1~1 : ! I 421.0 871.0
1.6'] 3 .89 I 20.94 10 1Aa-
0. 19 I 0.17 I 0 . 12 0.08 0.18 o 19 I 0.20 0.16
17.35 9 . 1& 3.']3 14 .3 2;:;.7 40.0 75"':: 0.67 0 .99 1.98 3.34>
38.8 56.5 95 ~38.e 3 .5 6. 1 ltí 38
53.5 65.2 85.5 104..0 3.3 7.4 24. .5 '57.0
27.6 34.0 45.5 56.'1 127.5 144 116 208
13.3 31.6 110.0 211,6.0 7.4 11.1 18.2 24..1
122 222 525 952 119 123.5 139.5 110 35 .7 36.0 37.3 39.8 73.0 88.0 124.0 180.0
179.2 203.9 287.3 481.2
= 3 =
-SOUJBl1JTY OF GP.5ES i]~ W.ft.~
Volumc oC g"B (reduc('(1 to S.T.P.) thnt cnn be dissolved in 1 volume of water.
--Gns O" e 10°C 20° e
Air 0.0292 0.0228 0.0187 Ammonin 1298.9 910;4-- - 710.6 Carbon dioxide 1.713 1.194 0.878 Chlorinc 4.54 3.148 2.299 Hydrogen 0.0215 0.0196 0.0182 Hydr~gcn chloridc 506.'1 473.9 442.0 llydro~cn sulfidc 4.670 3.399 2.582 Nitro~('n 0.0235 0.0186 0.0155 Ox:)'~cn 0.0489 0.0380 0.0310 Sulfur dioxidc 79.79 56.65 39.37 _ - ~
-FRESSURE OF WATER VAPOR IN l\tIILLlMETERS OF MEFlCUR"i
oc mm oC mm oC mm oC mm
0.0 4.6 17.5 15.0 22.5 20.4 30.0 31.8 5.0 6.5 18.0 15.5 23.0 21.1 35.0 42.2 7.5 7.8 18.5 16.0 23.5 21. 7 40.0 55.3
10.0 9.2 19.0 16.5 24.0 22.4 50.0 92.5 12.5 10.9 19.5 17.0 24.5 23.1 60.0 149.4 15.0 12.8 20.0 17.5 25.0 23.8 .- 70.0 233.7 15.5 13.2 20.5 18.1 26.0 25.2 80.0 355.1 16.0 13.6 2LO 18.6 27,0 26.7 90.0 525.8 16.5 14.'i 21.5 19.2 28.0 28.3 95.0 633.9 17.0 14.5 22.0 19.8 29.0 30.0 100.0 160.0
-DENSITY Ai"-ID SPECIFIC GRA VTI'Y OF ,GJiSES
,.
Dcnsity Spccific ~ . Density Specific
Gas Grnms Gravity ,
Gas Gmrns Gravi!.y per Liter Ai ' per Liter .AJi , S.T.P. StanJard I s:r.p'. SumdBrd
-Arnmonia 0.771 0.591 I Hydrogcn chlor.i;ile te36 ·'li.238 Cnrbon dioxidc 1.977 1.529 Hydrogcn su!f.7}!J -:\.539 ·X.¡gO Carbon monOlddc 1.250 0.968 Methane 0.7!~ 0.554 Chlorinc 3.21.tl 2.486 I Nilrogcn 1.251, O.93~
Dinitrogen monoxide 1.977 1.530 I Nitrogen monoJjde' 1.3~O 1.037 ELhync (nccly lene) 1.169 0.906 ,1
OlC)'gcn 1.-t29\ 1.105 Hydrogen 0.0899 0.0695 ~ Sulfur dio,ude 2.92'1 ' 2.264
-::--=----
,i
¡ -1 . I
. , , . J)
c>
" . ,
<:: . L'
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;:?~c: :)OX ZQ'U"~~L"JR.:A A.:\¡D STAj'I·!DAi.G.i ;~EDlJCnO~ . ;fl'~í~ENTIALS AT 25 ' C
The ;."r;dox equi!iblium const:mt rcier:; tú t}¡C half-reaction 1).S wriHen in wiJ.ic:l.J ¡he electl'On is rcgardeu a:; a Jig;wJ anJ a!l cODcentraliO!lS F-"·" -~~tJ;JI:)i~¡;·\·}.Ir:n ~;.t'I1 (.;': í1¡: \··at ion~ . ; . ,;I!~'); !!1·l. :, ~, r., I(.;{U~n ;''-' •. '-1 r; ~ !· i·!¡l(·l¡.¡r {~ .!!YQrlll.lI:1I ~::II:¡;!·rp'f.1(' ~ :; :':!~ IjO , nrc: ~:~; ¡: ¡ Ii¡ ¡':.' i .T:, ~.¡ ¡:!~:,¡ Ht:\'ll ¡-¡ í: 1111 lifll.¡· W¡; 1\ ; V'1t: ¡~ ,tfln'I!I: 'H lJ ,·¡¡ti):
Half-reaction log K P volt
Lit l' C :-: I .i -51,.') -3·05 1\+ + e ~K -49'S -2,93 Rh+ + e ;;:::!: Rh -49,5 -2,92 Cs+ + e
_ .. Cs -49,4 -2,92
BaH + 2e q:::!: Ea -98'S -2,91 Sr~'" + ' ) ._~ Sr -97,6 -2-89 _c
) .. -Ca2 +- + 2e -<> Ca -97,0 -2,87 ~-
Na+ + e ~ /y'a -45-9 -2,71 <>-
Mg2+ + ' 2(; q:::!: JvJg -80,2 -2,37 Sd-'+ I~ 3c :q.!: Se -105-3 -2-08 Bc~+ + 2e ~ Be -62-5 .:,;, -}-85 APt· + 3(; ~ Al -84·3 ·f{ -1 -66 Tj2+ , 2e Ti -55
0 .. ; ~
-1,63 -{o <>-
V2+ + 2e ~ V -40'} - ¡ '18 A11/~ , + 2e -~ Mn -40-0 . -}-18 <1-
Zn(NH3V+ + 2..: ~ Zn + 4NH3 - 3-1-8 -}'03 Se ...L 2e ;.:::t 0C2- -3]·2 -0-92 , CrH -f- 2r: :¡7' lr -30,9 -0,91 Zl/~ , -1- 2\: :.¡~ Z/I -25·g -0,76 Cr:" :1 e.: - > lr 37·7 - 0 ·74 Ca3/- , 3e -, Ca -28,4 -0,56 , ... -
Ni(NJl 3 )b= I -/- 2c ~!- Ni -l ' GNlI a - 17·3 -051 ¡rO
J
, ';' 1I I 1 :1 ' . (('()O TI) , 1(,-', .. (1,1') I
FI ,~ 1 + 2t: ;.~:: Fe -15-9 -0-47 ,A.:; l C¡\' ) 2 ' 1- e :.,.:. A¿; ,1- 2eN
\ n ·-0'45
Co(N f{ :IV~ + ¿C ~~ e" + 6NH l -14,5 -0·43
Cr3'" -+ e ~ Cr~;
I - (j.y -0-41
Cd~ + + 2e ~ Cd -13-6 -0,40 ">-
Ca"+ + :c - .. Ca+ lea. -13-5 ca_-0-4
ph ..... n 6 _' o 2c - > Ph + SOG2- -·12-0 -0,36 ., ..
Tj1' e -<o- Tj2 ;. 6-2 -0,37 "
oO-
C()~ t T 2e ._ , Co - 9·4 -0-28 ..,....
Ni2+ + 2e ~ Ni 9·1 -0-2"1 rr.4 -j e -+- V2+ 4·3 -0,26 .... -Sn2+ 2e -<> Sn
, 4-6 -O'1/:· + <>-
( AgCN + e <=: Ag + CN- ) 2·3 -0-14·
Pb2+ + 2e ~ Pb 4·2 -0-13
Fe3+ + 3e ~ Fe 2·0 -0-04 211+ -1- 2e -<o- Jlr. 0:0 0 ·00 ..,...
TlOH + 21/+ -+ e <=: Ti3+ + H 2 0 1-7 0-1
Co(NH 3)ij3+ + e -<o- Co (NH:J a2+ ] ,8 O·} 00-
S -+ 2lf+ + 2e ...... J[~S 4·8 0-14 +-.
S,f+ + 2c ;;:= Sn2+ 5·1 0-15
C1I2 ... + e - CU+ 2·7 ·· 0-16 ..,...
SO (,2- + 4H+ + 2e -<> HzSOs + HnO 5-8 0-17 00-
= 7 =
R'EDOX EQUJlLIBru¡P~ Mm S'f.AÜ'nDp'UU) lREDudION ~'D~t:'!!.:~ \I ~.,~ r~
.,
AgCI + e Ge2+ + 2e Hg:Cl~ -T- 2e
'l/OH + 2H~ -1- e ·CU2~ + 2e
Fc(CN)u~- -1- c
O2 + 2H20 + 4e H 2S0 3 + 4H+ + 4e
Cu+ + e 13" + 2e
Cu2+ + C/- + e HaAsO 4 + 2I{+ + 2e
Afn04,- + e
12(oq¡ + 2e Cu2+ + Br- + e
O 2 + 2H+ + 2e
PtCI/- + 2e H 2Se03 + 4H+ + 4c
o' Fe3+ o + e
Hg 22+ + 2e Ag+ + c
Cu2+ + 1- + e 2Hgz+ + 2e
N0 3- + 3H+ + 2e N0 3- + 4H+ + 3e VO z+ + 2H+ + e HNO z +H+ + e
Brz(oo) + 2e 1't2+ + 2e
O 2 + 4H+ + 4c MnOz + 4H+ + 2e
Co3+ + e Cr 20l- + 141l+ + 6c
CI2 (aq) + 2e PbO g + 4H+ + 2e
JllnO~- + 8H+ + 5e Mn04- + 4fl+ -1- 3c
H 20 2 + 2H+ + 2e Ag2+ + e
S20S2- + 2e 0 3 + 211+ + 2e
F2(g) + 2e
:;:!: Ag + Cl-:;:!: Ge ~ 2Hg -T- 2CI:¡:t V!+ + H 20 +!:..?Cu +!: FC(CN)o4-:;:!: 40H-+!:: S + 3II20 :;-~ Cllo
:¡:t CuCI :¡:t HAs0 2+2H20 :;:!: MnO ~2-:¡:t 21-:;:!: euBr :;± H 20 2
:;:!: PI +. 4CI:;:!: Se + 3H20
7.2: 2I!g :;-.2:: Ag :¡± Cu1 :;¡:-t llgz2+
:;:!: llNO z + H 20 <C.!: NO + fi.i;fJ :;:!: Voz+ + H 20 :;:!: NO + HzO :;-.2:: 2Br-:¡± Pt :¡± 2H20 :;:!: 111112+ + 2JJ 20 :;¡± C02+ :;:!: 2Cr3~ -1- 7lJnO :;:!: 2CI- o
:;¡-.1: Pb2+ + 21I20 :;:!: Mn2+ + 4H20 :;:!: Mn02+2H20 :;:!: 2HgO :;:!: Ag+
(4MHCIOJ :;:!: 2S0l-:;:!: O2 + H 20 :¡± 2F-
3·8 7~g
9'1 5·7
11·4 6·1
27'2 30·4 8·8
18·1 9·]
18·9 9·7
20·1 ]0·8
0 23 .1-
24·5 50·0 13·0 26·8 13'5 14·5 30·7 3V6 4tr'5 1~'9' 1'¡i'·0 36·8 4f,J.·Q 8:9'2 4!·6 22
135 47·2 49·4
127:4 85·8 59·8
33'8 67'Q
70'2 ¡. 96·8
~~bn
0·22 0·23 0·27 0·34 0·34·-0-36 0-40 0-45
(0·52). 0·54
0'54 0·56 O-58 0·62
0·64 0-68
0·73 0·74 0·77 0·79 0·80 0-86 0'91 0·94-0·96 1·00 1·00 1·09 1·2 1·23 ' 1·23 !'30 X·33 1·40 o
1·46 1·51 1·70 1·77
2,·00 2·01
, 2·07 2·87
... ,-
STAmLlTY CONSTA1'IrrS OF COMPLEX IONS AT 25°C K = the equilibrium constant rcferred to the rcaction as wriltcn.
Equilibrium' log K Elcctric potcntinl series al 2.5 Oc and IN ~olutions.
Al"-+- + 6F- ~ AIF63- 20 Element Ve1ts Elcmcnt Volts
Fe2+ + 6CN- ~ FC(CN)64- 24 Li/Li+ In/In3 + Fe3+ + 6CN- ~ Fe(CN)s3- 31 +3.045 +0.335 Cs/Cs+ +:.923 TI/TI+ +0.335 Fe"-+- + 4CI- ~ FeC!.- -1 Rb/Rb+ +:.925 Co/Co2 + +0.30
*FeH + 30phen ~ Fe(ophcnh2+ 21 K/K+ +:925 Ni/Ni2+ +0.25 * Fe3+ + 3 ophen ~ Fe( ophcn)33+ 14 Ra/Ra2 + +:.92 Mo/Mol+ +0.2
Co"-+- + 6CN- :¡~ CO(CN)s3- M Da/Ba l'" +:.90 Jn/In + +0.14
COH + 6NH3 ~ Co(NH3)s2+ 5 Sr/Sr2 + +2.89 Sn/Sn2 + +0.140 CoS+ + 6NH, ~ Co(NH3)63- 35 Ca/Ca2 + +:.87 Pb/Pb 1 + +0.126 NP+ + 4CN- ;:': Ni( CN)4!- 31 Na/Na+ +:713 Fc/Fe3 + +0.036
Ni!+ + 6NH, ~ Ni(NH~)62+ 9 La/La3+ +:.52 H 2 /2 H+ 0.000 CcíCeH +:.48 Sb/Sb3 + -0.1 Cu+ + 4C¡"'- +:t Cl/( CN)43- 30 Mg!Mg2+ +: 37 Di,'Di3+ -0.2
CU+ + 2NH3 ~ Cu(NJJ 3h+ 11 YfY3+ +:.37 AsiAs3 + -0.3 . CIlH + 4NH3 :;:': Cu(Nlf3)4:+ 13 Sc/Sc~ + +:.08 Cu!Cu 2+ -0.337 Zr¡l+ + 4CN- +:t Zn(CN),2-
, 17 ' Thn-h4 + +1.90 Co/Co3 + -0.4
ZnH + 4NH3 +:t Zn(AH3),H 9 Deme 2 + + 1.85 RufRu 1 + -0.45 t ASES3 (s) + t .)2- ~ AsS2- 1 U/v+ +;.80 Ct:/Cu+ -0.52
AsS.- + H+ ~ lJAsS2 4· Hf/Hf4+ +1.70 Tc'fc4 + -0.56
(Ag+ + 2CN- ~ Ag(C¡"')2- 21 AI/A)3 + - +;.66 TI/TI3+ -0.71
Ag+ + 2NH3 :¡:':: Ag(NH 3)1+ 7 TifTil+ +!.63 2 HgfHg¡ + -0.792
t AgzS (s) + tli,S(g) ~~ AgSH -(, ZrfZr4 + + 1.53 Af!./Ag+ -0.800 UfU 4 + + 1.4 Rh/Rh 3 + -0.8 AgS- + Jl+ ~ AgSlf 5 Mn/!'o1n 2 ... +1.19 ,Pb/Pb" + -0.80
AgCI (s) + CI- :;=: AgC/z- -5 V/V l + +1.18 OS/OS2 + -0.85 Ag1 (s) + 1- ~ AgI!- -:- Nb/Nh3+ +1.1 Hg/Hg2~ -0.854 Ag1 (s) + 21- ~ AgI3Z - -3 Cr/Cr2 + +C.86 Pd/Pd 1 + -0.987
Cd2+ + 4CN- ~ Cd(CN)4Z- 19 Zn/Zn2+ +0.763 Ir/lr3+ -1.15 Cd2+ + 41- ~ Cdl,2- 6 Cr/Cr3+ +0.74 Pt/Pt 2 + -1.2
SnS2 (s) + sz- +:!: SnS/- 5 Ga/Ga3+ +0.53 AS/Ag 2 + -1.369
t Sb 2S3 (s) + t SJ- ~ SbS~- 0'5 Ga/Gal+ +0.45 Au/Au3+ -UD Fc/Fe1 + +0.44 CefCeH -1.68 SbS.- + 52- +:!: SbS3
3- 0·4 Cd/Cd1+ +0.402 Au/Au+ -1.68
HgH + 4CN- ~ Hg(CN)4!- 41 HgS (s) + 5"-- :;:t I-IgSz!- 0·6 HgS.I- + 2H" :;:t' Hg(SH)! 7·0
PbCI. (s) + C/- :;:t PbC/3- -4
• ophcn = o-phenanthroline.
