Manual de radio Airpro

7/23/2019 Manual de radio Airpro

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P-Com AirLink Pro

E1 Ruggedized

I n s t a l l a t i o n G u i d e

R e v D


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COPYRIGHT 1994-1999 P-Com Inc. World Rights reserved.

P-Com Inc. provides this Installation Guide "as is," without warranty of any kind, either

express or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and

fitness for a particular purpose.

P-Com Inc. may make improvements and changes to the product described in this manual

at any time and without any notice. P-Com Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use, nor any

infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that would result.

This publication may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Periodic

changes are made to the information contained herein. These changes, and mechanicalcorrections, will be incorporated in subsequent revision levels of the publication.

No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in

any way, including but not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic or other records,

without the prior written permission of P-Com Inc.

AirPro and AirLinkare trademarks of P-Com Inc.

All other brand and product names are the trademarks of their respective holders.

P/N 81915-010 Rev D

TPN 81915-00D

December 1998


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STATEMENT OF WARRANTY

This product, except as stated otherwise in an applicable price list, is warranted against defects in

workmanship and material for a period of three (3) years from date of delivery as evidenced by the

manufacturers packing slip or other transportation receipt.

The manufacturers sole responsibility under this warranty shall be to either repair or replace, at its

option, any component which fails during the applicable warranty period because of a defect in

workmanship and material, provided PURCHASER has promptly reported same to the manufacturerin writing. All replaced Products or parts shall become property of the manufacturer.

P-Com shall honor the warranty at its repair facility. It is PURCHASERs responsibility to return, at its

expense, the allegedly defective Product to the manufacturer. PURCHASER must obtain a Return

Materials Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions from the manufacturer prior to

returning any Product under warranty. Transportation charges for the return of the Product to

PURCHASER shall be paid by the manufacturer within the United States. For all other locations, the

warranty excludes all costs of shipping, customs clearance and other related charges. If the

manufacturer determines that the Product is not defective within the terms of the warranty,

PURCHASER shall pay to the manufacturer all costs of handling, transportation and repairs at the

then prevailing repair rates.

All the above warranties are contingent upon proper use of the Product. These warranties will not

apply (i) if adjustment, repair or parts replacement is required because of accident, unusual physical,

electrical or electromagnetic stress, negligence of PURCHASER, misuse, failure of electric power,

environmental controls, transportation, not maintained in accordance with manufacturers

specifications, or abuses other than ordinary use (ii) if the Product has been modified by

PURCHASER or has been repaired or altered outside the factory, unless the manufacturer

specifically authorizes such repairs or alterations; (iii) where manufacturer serial numbers, warranty

data or quality assurance decals have been removed or altered.

P-Com also reserves the right to make product improvements without incurring any obligation or

liability to make the same changes in Products previously manufactured or purchased. In no event

shall the manufacturer be liable for any breach of warranty in an amount exceeding the net selling

price of any defective Product. No person, including any dealer, agent or representative of P-Com is

authorized to assume for P-Com any other liability on its behalf except as set forth herein.

Nonpayment of any invoice rendered within the stated payment terms automatically cancels any

warranty or guarantee stated or implied. If any payment is due to the manufacturer for services

performed hereunder, it shall be subject to the same payment terms as the original purchase.

P-COM HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES ON PRODUCTS INCLUDINGWITHOUT LIMITATION, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR

A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. The warranties expressly stated herein are the sole obligation or liability

on the part of P-COM arising out of or in connection with the sale or performance of the products.

Products Manufactured by Others - For products not manufactured by P-COM, the original

manufacturers warranty shall be assigned to PURCHASER to the extent permitted and is in lieu of

any other warranty, express or implied. For warranty information on a specific product, a written

request should be made to the manufacturer.

IN NO EVENT WILL P-COM BE LIABLE TO PURCHASER FOR (i) REPROCUREMENT COSTS; (ii)

SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES; (iii) ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER

RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION

WITH THIS AGREEMENT, OR THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF P-COM PRODUCTS,

REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THE CAUSE OF ACTION IS IN CONTRACT, TORT, INCLUDING

NEGLIGENCE, OR ANY OTHER FORM.

No action, whether in contract or tort, including negligence, arising out of or in connection with this

Agreement, may be brought by either party more than eighteen (18) months after the cause of action

has accrued, except that an action for nonpayment may be brought within eighteen (18) months of

the date of last payment.


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PRODUCT COMPATIBILITY

While every effort has been made to verify operation of this product with many different communications

products and networks, P-Com Inc. makes no claim of compatibility between its products and other vendors

equipment. It is assumed that users have thoroughly evaluated this products performance in the

communications environment in which it will be used.

SAFETY

The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation and service of this

product. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this Manual willfully

violates standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the product. P-Com Inc. assumes no liability

for the customers failure to comply with these requirements.

This product must be grounded. In the event of a short circuit, grounding reduces the risk of electrical shock

by providing an escape wire for the current.

The products AC power cord ends in a three-pole grounding plug. Do not use a three-pole to two-pole adapter

with the plug. Verify that the outlet you intend to use is properly installed and grounded; the outlet used must

comply with the National Electric Code (NEC) NFPA70 (1990) in U.S.A. or other applicable code.

Do not install or operate this product in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. Operation of any electrical

instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard.

No user maintained or adjustable components are present within this product. Do NOT attempt to open this

unit. Do not attempt to service this unit except under the direction of Customer Service. Only P-Com-authorizedservice personnel should service this equipment. The potential for electrical shock exists within the enclosures

at all times unless they are unplugged.

Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the product. Return the product to

the factory for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained. Prior to returning any product(s)

for repair, contact P-Com at the telephone numbers or address located in this Manual, and obtain a Return

Material Authorization (RMA) number.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by P-Com Inc. can void the users authority to operate this

equipment.

LITHIUM BATTERY

The digital module in the product contains a lithium battery molded into the real-time clock component. The

lithium battery is NOT a customer-replaceable part. The lithium battery could explode if mistreated. Do not

attempt to expose the battery by opening the real-time clock component. Do not attempt to recharge the

battery. Do not dispose of the component by fire.

SYSTEM GROUNDING

Direct grounding of the antenna, mast, and tower serves as protection from lightning strikes and static buildup.

A direct electrical connection should be made to a suitable grounding rod at the base of the tower or mast using

at least #10 AWG ground wire, or its equivalent, and non-corrosive hardware. For details and safety standards,

consult the appropriate local Electrical Codes or a similar document. Use lightning arresters in appropriate

places.

TOWER CONSTRUCTION

Compliance with local zoning and tower construction regulations is recommended when E1 systems require a

tower. These regulations generally mandate that permits be obtained before any tower construction begins.

Check with local zoning and aviation authorities for more information.


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FCC NOTICE TO USERS

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules on spread spectrum devices, such as the P-Com AirLink

Pro E1 Ruggedized radio, require that you be notified of the following:

FCC regulations require that this device be professionally installed by a person knowledgeable in electronics

and trained in the correct installation of this device.

All interface cables must be shielded.

Operation of this device is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful

interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference that may cause undesired operation.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by P-Com Inc. can void the users authority to operate the

equipment.


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Installation Guide Rev D v

Contents

Before You Begin

Purpose of This Guide ..........................................................................................xvii

Prior Knowledge....................................................................................................xvii

How This Guide is Organized.............................................................................xvii

How to Use This Guide ....................................................................................... xviii

Typographic Conventions...................................................................................xviii

Customer Service.................................................................................................... xix

Telephone and Fax Service .......................................................................xix

International Sales Offices..................................................................................... xix

Return Material Authorization (RMA)................................................................ xix

Service and Repair Centers........................................................................xx

Brazil Service and Repair Center........................................................xx

China Service and Repair Center ....................................................... xxIndia Service and Repair Center.........................................................xx

Chapter 1. Product Overview

System Components and Options........................................................................ 1-2

The AirLink E1 ...........................................................................................1-2

AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit (Optional)...................................................1-3

AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Cable ..........................................................1-4

AirLink Junction Box (Optional)..............................................................1-5

AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Antenna .....................................................1-6

Features and Capabilities ...................................................................................... 1-6

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized ASCII Terminal Interface ................1-7

Programmed Configuration Parameters ................................................1-7

Monitoring and Diagnostic Capabilities.................................................1-8

Alarm Relay Contacts................................................................................1-8

Order Wire Interface..................................................................................1-8


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Chapter 2. System Planning

Site and Route Selection ........................................................................................ 2-1

Microwave Basics.......................................................................................2-1

Antenna Placement and the RF Link ......................................................2-3

Site Survey............................................................................................2-3

Path Analysis, Path Loss, and Fade Margin....................................2-3

System Gain..........................................................................................2-4

Antenna Gain .......................................................................................2-4

Cable and Connector Loss..................................................................2-5

Free Space Path Loss...........................................................................2-5

Application Examples............................................................................................ 2-6

Timing and Burst Synchronization .........................................................2-6

Independent Pairs ...............................................................................2-7

Hub Operation.....................................................................................2-7

Repeater Operation .............................................................................2-7Independent Pair Operation.....................................................................2-7

Point-to-Point Link Between Networks ...........................................2-8

Hub Operation, Different Paths ........................................................2-9

Hub Operation, Same Path ..............................................................2-10

Repeater Operation..................................................................................2-11

System Administration and Control.................................................................. 2-12

Direct Terminal Connection to the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized ......2-13

Direct Terminal Connection to the AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit.......2-13

Remote Connection to the AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit .....................2-14

The Order Wire Interface........................................................................2-15

Site Preparation..................................................................................................... 2-15

AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Radio Unit ...............................................2-16

General Physical and Environmental Characteristics..................2-16

Lightning Protection .........................................................................2-16

AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit....................................................................2-16

General Physical and Environmental Characteristics..................2-16

Rack Mounting Considerations.......................................................2-17

Space and Access Considerations ...................................................2-17

Power and Grounding Requirements ............................................2-17Ancillary Equipment Requirements......................................................2-18

Terminal Interface .............................................................................2-18

Order Wire Interface .........................................................................2-19

Cable Requirements.................................................................................2-19

Configuration Parameters ................................................................................... 2-19

Administrative Parameters.....................................................................2-19


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Contents

Site Name............................................................................................2-20

Date and Time....................................................................................2-20

Password.............................................................................................2-20

Line Parameter .........................................................................................2-20

Radio Parameters .....................................................................................2-21

Application.........................................................................................2-21Burst Mode .........................................................................................2-22

PN Code..............................................................................................2-23

RF Power Level..................................................................................2-23

Alarm Control Parameters......................................................................2-24

Alarm Reporting................................................................................2-24

Alarm Level........................................................................................2-24

1-Hour Errored Seconds (ES) Threshold........................................2-25

1-Hour Unavailable Seconds (UAS) Threshold ............................2-25

24-Hour Errored Seconds (ES) Threshold......................................2-2524-Hour Unavailable Seconds (UAS) Threshold ..........................2-25

Receive (Rx) Power Threshold ........................................................2-26

Transmit (Tx) Power Threshold ......................................................2-26

Chapter 3. Installation and Setup

Unpacking................................................................................................................ 3-1

Identifying Physical Features ............................................................................... 3-2

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized..............................................................3-2

AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Sun Shield Assembly (Optional)............3-4

AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit (Optional)...................................................3-4

Front Panel............................................................................................3-5

Rear Panel.............................................................................................3-6

AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Junction Box (Optional)...........................3-7

Setting Up the System............................................................................................ 3-8

Installing the Antenna...............................................................................3-8

Typical Antenna Mounts....................................................................3-8

System Grounding ..............................................................................3-9

Aligning the Antenna .........................................................................3-9

Installing the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized.......................................................... 3-9Mounting the Sun Shield Assembly........................................................3-9

Mounting the Ruggedized Housing .....................................................3-11

Mounting on a Wall.................................................................................3-13

Setting the Burst Synchronization Jumper........................................................ 3-13

Cabling the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized........................................................... 3-14

Connecting the Antenna Cable ..............................................................3-14


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Connecting the Ruggedized Unit Cable ...............................................3-14

Installing the Access Unit .................................................................................... 3-15

Control and Data Connections...............................................................3-16

E1 DTE Line Connection.........................................................................3-17

Access Unit Power Connections ............................................................3-18

Access Unit Power Supply...............................................................3-18Direct Current Power Option ..........................................................3-20

Alarm Relay Contact Connections ........................................................3-21

Connecting a Terminal to the Access Unit........................................................ 3-21

Connecting a Telephone to the Order-Wire Interface ..................................... 3-22

Installing the Junction Box .................................................................................. 3-22

Making Wire Connections in the Junction Box....................................3-23

Wiring for Burst Synchronization ...................................................................... 3-27

Hub.............................................................................................................3-27

Repeater Site .............................................................................................3-28Checking Operation ............................................................................................. 3-28

Configuring the Unit ...............................................................................3-29

Aligning the Antenna..............................................................................3-30

Chapter 4. Configuration

Using the ASCII Terminal Interface..................................................................... 4-1

Terminal Setup Requirements..................................................................4-2

Command-Line Mode ...............................................................................4-3

Command-Line Format ......................................................................4-3

Command Responses..........................................................................4-4

Command Keyword List ..........................................................................4-5

Logging In and Logging Out ................................................................................ 4-6

Help .......................................................................................................................... 4-6

Local or Remote Operations ................................................................................. 4-7

Setting Administrative Parameters...................................................................... 4-7

Site Name ....................................................................................................4-7

Date and Time ............................................................................................4-8

Password .....................................................................................................4-8

Setting the Line Parameter .................................................................................... 4-9Coding .........................................................................................................4-9

Setting Radio Parameters ...................................................................................... 4-9

Application................................................................................................4-10

Burst Mode................................................................................................4-10

Pseudo-Random Noise Code .................................................................4-11

RF Power Level ........................................................................................4-11


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Contents

Setting Alarm Control Parameters..................................................................... 4-12

Alarm Reporting ......................................................................................4-12

Alarm Level ..............................................................................................4-12

1-Hour Errored Seconds Threshold ......................................................4-13

1-Hour Unavailable Seconds Threshold...............................................4-13

24-Hour Errored Seconds Threshold ....................................................4-1324-Hour Unavailable Seconds Threshold.............................................4-14

Receive (Rx) Power Threshold...............................................................4-14

Transmit (Tx) Power Threshold.............................................................4-14

Setting Modem Parameters ................................................................................. 4-15

Connection and Configuration ..............................................................4-16

Testing the Modem Link.........................................................................4-17

Functions ...................................................................................................4-17

Port Duplication ................................................................................4-17

Login....................................................................................................4-18Auto Answer Function .....................................................................4-18

Events..................................................................................................4-18

Dialout Function................................................................................4-18

Operation............................................................................................4-18

Alarm Holdoff Time (0 - 600 seconds; default = 10).....................4-18

Repeat Alarm Count (2 - 1000 counts; default = 10).....................4-18

Dial Holdoff Time (0 - 5000 minutes; default = 10) ......................4-19

Repeat Dialing and Prioritization ...................................................4-19

Telephone Numbers and Dial Format ..................................................4-19

User-Directed Connections.....................................................................4-20RS-232 Modem Port Interface.................................................................4-20

Protocol Modems .....................................................................................4-21

RTS Control...............................................................................................4-21

Responses..................................................................................................4-21

Modem Commands.................................................................................4-22

Default Parameters ..................................................................................4-23

Alarm Holdoff....................................................................................4-23

Repeat Count......................................................................................4-23

Dial Level............................................................................................4-24

Dial Holdoff........................................................................................4-24

Dial Format.........................................................................................4-24

Dial Retry............................................................................................4-24

Modem (Enabling) Mode .................................................................4-24

Modem Rate .......................................................................................4-24

Modem RTS Mode.............................................................................4-25


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Modem DTR Mode............................................................................4-25

Phone Numbers 1 and 2 ...................................................................4-25

Ring Count..........................................................................................4-25

Answer Timeout................................................................................4-26

Connection Timeout..........................................................................4-26

Configuration Information.................................................................................. 4-26Configuration Parameter Settings .........................................................4-26

Threshold Settings ...................................................................................4-27

Hardware and Software Revision Levels.............................................4-27

Chapter 5. Operations and Maintenance

Acquiring Status Information............................................................................... 5-1

Viewing Status Information .....................................................................5-1

Site Name..............................................................................................5-2

E1 DTE Input Loss...............................................................................5-2Radio Synchronization Loss ..............................................................5-2

Burst Synchronization Loss................................................................5-2

Test in Progress....................................................................................5-2

DTE Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) ..................................................5-2

RF Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) .....................................................5-3

Transmit Module Failure....................................................................5-3

Receive Power Level ...........................................................................5-3

Transmit power level ..........................................................................5-3

Temperature.........................................................................................5-3

Acquiring Alarm Information ...........................................................5-3

Event Queue.........................................................................................5-3

Events Causing an Alarm State.........................................................5-4

Carrier Failure Alarms........................................................................5-4

Viewing the Event Queue.........................................................................5-4

Resetting the Event Queue.................................................................5-5

Access Unit Indicators ........................................................................5-5

Digital Module LEDs ..........................................................................5-6

Acquiring Performance Information ................................................................... 5-7

Viewing Performance Information..........................................................5-7UWER BER ...........................................................................................5-8

QRSS BER .............................................................................................5-8

Errored Seconds...................................................................................5-8

Unavailable Seconds ...........................................................................5-9

RSQ ........................................................................................................5-9

Resetting Performance Counters .............................................................5-9
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Installation Guide Rev D xi

Contents

Diagnostic Tools ................................................................................................... 5-10

QRSS Testing ............................................................................................5-10

Initiating the Test...............................................................................5-10

Terminating a QRSS Test..................................................................5-11

Loopback Tests.........................................................................................5-11

Local Loop Test..................................................................................5-12Remote Loop Test..............................................................................5-13

Access Unit Remote Loopback ........................................................5-14

Alarm Relay Contacts .......................................................................................... 5-15

Order Wire Interface ............................................................................................ 5-15

Appendix A. Specifications

General Specifications........................................................................................... A-1

AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Unit............................................................A-1

Quality ........................................................................................................A-2AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit.....................................................................A-2

Access Unit Power Options.....................................................................A-2

Power Connections ............................................................................A-2

AC Power Supply Option .................................................................A-3

Alarm Relay Contacts ........................................................................A-4

Interface Specifications ......................................................................................... A-4

E1 Interface General Specifications ........................................................A-4

E1 Interface Output Specifications .........................................................A-4

E1 Interface Input Specifications ............................................................A-5

Radio Interface...........................................................................................A-5

Signal to Pin Assignments.................................................................................... A-6

AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Unit............................................................A-7

AirLink Control ..................................................................................A-7

Terminal...............................................................................................A-8

Order Wire...........................................................................................A-9

Access Unit.................................................................................................A-9

AirLink Control ..................................................................................A-9

AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Unit ...................................................A-10

Terminal.............................................................................................A-10Order Wire.........................................................................................A-11

Network Management.....................................................................A-11

E1 DTE................................................................................................A-12

Power & Alarm.................................................................................A-12

Junction Box Terminal Block .................................................................A-12

Terminal and Modem Adapter Cables............................................................. A-15


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Switch Settings ..................................................................................................... A-16

Access Unit 75/120 SEL Switches.........................................................A-16

Configuration Defaults ....................................................................................... A-16

Appendix B. Configuration Worksheet

Configuration Notes...............................................................................................B-3

Appendix C. Messages

Fault Messages ....................................................................................................... C-1

Alarm Messages..................................................................................................... C-2

Advisory Messages ............................................................................................... C-2

Status Messages ..................................................................................................... C-3

Appendix D. Glossary

Index


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List of Figures

Figure 1-1. Typical AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Operating Environment .... 1-1

Figure 1-2. AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized - Sun Shield Assembly on Mast ..... 1-3

Figure 1-3. AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit .............................................................. 1-4

Figure 1-4. AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Cable Versions .................................. 1-5Figure 1-5. AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Junction Box ...................................... 1-6

Figure 2-1. A Typical Radio Terminal Scheme .................................................. 2-2

Figure 2-2. Fade Margin Calculation .................................................................. 2-4

Figure 2-3. Point-to-Point Link Between Networks ......................................... 2-8

Figure 2-4. PBX and KTS Access to Remote Telco Facilities ........................... 2-8

Figure 2-5. Satellite PBX and KTS-Wireless Tie Trunks to a Main PBX ........ 2-9

Figure 2-6. Extending E1 Facility to Customer Premises ................................. 2-9

Figure 2-7. Hub Operation, Different Paths ..................................................... 2-10

Figure 2-8. Hub Operation, Same Path ............................................................. 2-10

Figure 2-9. Two-Part Repeater Link .................................................................. 2-11

Figure 2-10. Repeater Operation ....................................................................... 2-12

Figure 2-11. Direct Terminal Connection to AirLink Pro E1 ......................... 2-13

Figure 2-12. Direct Terminal Connection to Access Unit ............................... 2-14

Figure 2-13. Modem Connection to the AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit .......... 2-14

Figure 2-14. AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Order Wire Connection .............. 2-15

Figure 2-15. Access Unit Order Wire Connection ........................................... 2-15

Figure 3-1. AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized with Optional Sun Shield ............... 3-2

Figure 3-2. AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit Front Panel ........................................ 3-5

Figure 3-3. AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit Rear Panel .......................................... 3-6

Figure 3-4. Typical Antenna Mounts .................................................................. 3-8

Figure 3-5. Optional Sun Shield Assembly ........................................................ 3-9

Figure 3-6. Attaching the V-Brackets ................................................................ 3-10

Figure 3-7. Mounting on the Mounting Base ................................................... 3-11

Figure 3-8. Mounting the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Housing .................. 3-12

Figure 3-9. Installing the Sun Shields ............................................................... 3-12


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xiv P-Com AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized

Figure 3-10. Mounting Ruggedized Housing on a Wall ................................ 3-13

Figure 3-11. Burst Synchronization Termination Jumper .............................. 3-14

Figure 3-12. Mounting Bracket Positions ......................................................... 3-15

Figure 3-13. AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Power Lead Connections ............ 3-19

Figure 3-14. Connecting a Direct Current Source to the Access Unit .......... 3-20

Figure 3-15. Alarm Relay Contacts ................................................................... 3-21Figure 3-16. Optional Junction Box ................................................................... 3-23

Figure 3-17. Wire Connections in the Junction Box ........................................ 3-24

Figure 3-18. Inserting Wires ............................................................................... 3-27

Figure 3-19. Test Point Locations ...................................................................... 3-30

Figure 5-1. Conventional Carrier Failure Response ......................................... 5-4

Figure 5-2. AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Carrier Failure Response ................ 5-4

Figure 5-3. AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized QRSS Test ........................................ 5-10

Figure 5-4. AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Loopback Tests ............................... 5-12

Figure 5-5. AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized in Normal Operation ..................... 5-12Figure 5-6. Local Loop Test ................................................................................ 5-13

Figure 5-7. Remote Loop Test ............................................................................ 5-13

Figure 5-8. Access Unit Remote Loopback ...................................................... 5-15

Figure A-1. Ruggedized Unit Terminal Port to DB-25 Terminal Port ........ A-15

Figure A-2. Ruggedized Unit Terminal Port to DB-25 Modem Port .......... A-15

Figure A-3. Ruggedized Unit Terminal Port to DB-9 Terminal Port .......... A-15

Figure A-4. Ruggedized Unit Terminal Port to DB-9 Modem Port ............ A-15


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Installation Guide Rev D xv

List of Tables

Table 2-1. Free Space Path Loss .......................................................................... 2-5

Table 2-2. RF Parameters ................................................................................... 2-23

Table 2-3. Alarm Queue Control Parameters .................................................. 2-24

Table 3-1. Digital Module LEDs ......................................................................... 3-3

Table 3-2. Digital Module Jacks ........................................................................... 3-4

Table 3-3. Access Unit Indicators ........................................................................ 3-5

Table 3-4. Access Unit Jacks ................................................................................. 3-5

Table 3-5. Access Unit 75/120 SEL DIP Switch Block ...................................... 3-6

Table 3-6. Access Unit Connectors ..................................................................... 3-6

Table 3-7. Cable E1 Signal Leads ...................................................................... 3-17

Table 3-8. Junction Box Terminal Block Assignments ...................................3-24

Table 4-1. Terminal Commands of the Modem Interface .............................. 4-17

Table 4-2. Modem Response Definitions ......................................................... 4-21

Table 4-3. Modem Commands .......................................................................... 4-22

Table 4-4. Dial Out Default Parameters ............................................................ 4-23

Table 5-1. Access Unit Alarm LEDs .................................................................... 5-6

Table 5-2. Digital Module LEDs .......................................................................... 5-6

Table A-1. Physical and Environmental Specifications................................... A-1

Table A-2. Power Requirements......................................................................... A-1

Table A-3. 48 Volt DC Power Option ................................................................ A-1

Table A-4. 24 Volt DC Power Option ................................................................ A-2

Table A-5. Physical and Environmental Specifications................................... A-2

Table A-6. AC Power Requirements.................................................................. A-2

Table A-7. Input/Output Power Options ......................................................... A-3

Table A-8. AC Power Option.............................................................................. A-3

Table A-9. 48 VDC Power Option ...................................................................... A-3

Table A-10. 24 VDC Power Option .................................................................... A-4


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xvi P-Com AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized

Table A-11. E1 Interface General Specifications............................................... A-4

Table A-12. E1 Interface Output Specifications................................................ A-4

Table A-13. E1 Interface Output Specifications................................................ A-5

Table A-14. General Specifications .................................................................... A-5

Table A-15. Transmitter Specifications ............................................................. A-5

Table A-16. Receiver Specifications .................................................................. A-6Table A-17. Order Wire Specifications ............................................................. A-6

Table A-18. AirLink Control Pin Assigments .................................................. A-7

Table A-19. E1 Ruggedized Terminal Pin Assignments ................................. A-8

Table A-20. E1 Ruggedized OW Pin Assignments .......................................... A-9

Table A-21. Access Unit AirLink Control Pin Assigments ............................ A-9

Table A-22. Access Unit AirLink Pin Assignments ....................................... A-10

Table A-23. Access Unit Terminal Pin Assignments..................................... A-10

Table A-24. Access Unit OW Pin Assignments .............................................. A-11

Table A-25. Access Unit Network Management Pin Assignments............. A-11

Table A-26. Access Unit AirLink Pin Assignments ....................................... A-12Table A-27. Access Unit AirLink Pin Assignments ....................................... A-12

Table A-28. AirLink Control Pin Assigments ................................................ A-12

Table A-29. Access Unit 75/120 SEL Switches ............................................... A-16

Table A-30. Ruggedized Unit Parameter Defaults ....................................... A-16

Table C-1. Fault Messages ................................................................................... C-2

Table C-2. Alarm Messages................................................................................. C-2

Table C-3. Advisory Messages............................................................................ C-2

Table C-4. Status Messages ................................................................................. C-3


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Installation Guide Rev D xvii

Before You Begin

Purpose of This GuideThis P-Com AirLink Pro E1 RuggedizedInstallation Guide provides theinformation you need to unpack, install, configure, and operate the P-Com

units.

This Installation Guide is directed to persons who must perform or coordinatethe tasks associated with the process of installing wireless communicationdevices, and planning individual communications network applications.

Prior KnowledgeThis Installation Guide assumes that you have at least basic experience withand understanding of the concepts underlying telecommunications systems,as well as some familiarity with configuring and operating telecommuni-cations equipment. Throughout this Installation Guide there are procedures

that presume working familiarity with basic telephone trunking andtransmission concepts and practices, as well as basic digital datacommunications concepts and practices. If you are not familiar with theconcepts and practices involved in these disciplines, familiarize yourself withthem before proceeding.

This Installation Guide provides minimal system planning and installationinformation for radio frequency (RF) antenna assemblies. While thisInstallation Guide summarizes the considerations and tasks involved in pathanalysis and site planning for microwave systems, it does not provide an in-depth treatment of such issues. Technical questions about RF antennaplanning and installation should be directed to a qualified P-Com technical

support representative.

How This Guide is OrganizedThis Installation Guide is organized in chapters and appendix material in thefollowing manner:

Chapter 1 - provides a product overview and describes the capabilitiesof the major units of the E1 system


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Before You Begin How to Use This Guide

xviii P-Com AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized

Chapter 2 - describes system planning requirements

Chapter 3 - provides installation and setup instructions

Chapter 4 - provides instructions for configuration

Chapter 5 - provides information on operation and maintenance

Appendix A - provides general and radio specifications Appendix B - provides a worksheet to record your settings

Appendix C - provides information on system alarm, status, and errormessages

Appendix D - provides a Glossary of acronyms and terms specific tothe Installation Guide.

How to Use This GuideBefore beginning the installation process, read the introductions to all of the

chapters so that you have a sense of what each chapter provides. Verify thatyou have selected the proper procedure to meet site-specific needs.

Skim through an entire procedure before you begin performing the step-by-step instructions. By doing this, you will be prepared with the appropriateinformation, equipment, or tools.

Typographic Conventions Terminal displays are shown as text in Courier font:

AL-E1> get configuration

Commands are shown in text in Courier font:

set alarm level

Named keys in text are enclosed in angle brackets:

All command examples are executed by typing the command andfollowing it with a

Two or more keys that must be typed simultaneously are shown intext linked with a + sign: +C

Notes, Cautions, and Warnings are shown as:

Determine the antenna tower height by the length of the

string on the balloon and the distance between the links. This

is a trigonometric function.

A caution gives you information that you need so that you willnot damage the equipment or lose data.

A warning gives you information that you need so that you do

not cause harm to yourself or any other person, and so thatyou do not damage or interfere with the network application.

NOTE


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Installation Guide Rev D xix

Customer Service Before You Begin

Customer ServiceP-Com distributors are authorized local service providers and are responsiblefor immediate customer support. If problems are not resolved, you cancontact P-Com Customer Service for assistance.

Telephone and Fax ServiceP-Com Customer Service maintains a 24-hour answering service foremergency telephone support. Customer Service responses to emergency callsconsist of over-the-phone troubleshooting and assistance in obtainingdistributor support.

Customer Service telephone numbers:

From within the USA, call:

1-800-500-PCOM Campbell CA, USA

Outside the USA, call:

408.866.3666 Campbell CA, USA

In the following countries, call:

44.1256.841919 United Kingdom65.297.6196 Singapore86.10.6467.1905 China91.11.617.6913 India92.21.584.0743 Pakistan

International Sales Offices

P-Com, Inc. international sales offices are located throughout the world.United Kingdom 44.1256.841919 44.1256.324156 (fax)Singapore 65.297.6196 65.297.6195 (fax)China 86.10.6467.1905 86.10.6467.1906 (fax)Russia 095.280.4759 095.280.4759 (fax)India 91.11.617.6913 91.11.617.9529 (fax)Pakistan 92.21.584.0743 92.21.584.0727 (fax)Latin America 408.328.5130 408.735.6607 (fax)

Return Material Authorization (RMA)

Before you return equipment, you need a Return Material Authorization(RMA) number. To get the RMA number:

1. Gather the following information:

unit model number unit serial number address to where unit was sold, billed, or shipped purchase order number (if unit not under warranty)


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Before You Begin Return Material Authorization (RMA)

xx P-Com AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized

whether credit or service is required description of unit failure (no sync, no output, etc.)

2. From within the USA, call Customer Service at 1-800-500-PCOMFrom outside the USA, call Customer Service at 408-866-3666, orcontact one of the Service and Repair centers listed on the followingpage.

3. Provide Customer Service with the information gathered in Step 1.

NOTE: When returning equipment, be sure to write the RMA number on the outsideof the shipping carton.

Service and Repair Centers

Service and repair centers are located in Brazil, China, and India.

Brazi l Serv i ce and Repai r Cent er

Address: Telephone and fax:

Mapra 55.11.3872.6776Rue Caio Graco, 798-lapa 55.11.3871.3667 (fax)CEP 05044-000 Sao Paulo

China Serv i ce and Repai r Center


Airlink Wireless 86.10.6467.1905Room 227, Towercrest Place 86.10.6467.1906 (fax)No. 3 Mai Zi Dian Xi RoadBeijing 100016 PRC

I ndi a Serv i ce and Repair Cent er


Linkquest 91.11.617.6913A2/18 91.11.617.9529 (fax)Safdarjung EnclaveNew Delhi 110029 India


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Installation Guide Rev D 1-1

1Product Overview

The P-Com AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized system is a spread-spectrumtransceiver that operates in the 5.725 to 5.850 GHz (C-band) IndustrialScientific Medical (ISM) band. The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized uses a SpreadSpectrum modulationtechnique to create a high-quality, point-to-point radio

link between itself and another AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized located manymiles away.

In a typical installation, an AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized pair is installedbetween a users communication facilityData Circuit Equipment (DCE) ornetworkand the Data Terminating Equipment (DTE). Figure 1-1 shows theAirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized in a typical operating environment.

Figure 1-1 Typi cal Ai rL i nk Pro E1 Ruggedi zed Operat i ng Envi ronment

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized link is effectively transparent to the Eequipment on either end: it accepts E1 as input; it presents E1 as output.

AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized operation is independent of the protocol used, sothe AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized supports both the High Density Bipolar 3(HDB3) and the Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) coding formats. It also doesnot interfere with the framing and maintenance channel used between E1links.

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized provides full-duplex, radio-to-radiocommunication that follows a ping-pong analogy: while one unit transmits aradio burst, the other unit receives that burst. After the other unit receives a

BUILDING

, ,

POWER

DCEor

NETWORK E1

TERMINAL

ACCESS

UNIT

RS232

AIRLINK

CABLE AIRLINKCABLE

AIRLINK E1

AIRLINK E1

ANTENNAANTENNA

JUNCTION

BOX

,

ANTENNA

MAST

DTE


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Product Overview

1-2 P-Com AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized

complete burst, it waits through a guard interval before turning on itstransmitter and transmitting its burst. This protocol, called Time DivisionDuplex, is why the AirLink modem family is superior to other systems thatrequire separate frequencies for transmitting and receiving data.

The ping-pong radio-to-radio communication is invisible to the E1 equipmenton either end of the link because the digital buffering of the AirLink Pro E1Ruggedized produces a smooth E1 bit stream at the user interface.

System Components and OptionsA typical AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized system (see Figure 1-1 on page 1-1) ismade up of some or all of the following components:

AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized unit and AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized cable

AirLink sun shield assembly and mounting hardware (optional)

AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit (optional)

AirLink Junction Box (optional)

AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized antenna and antenna cable

Depending upon your system plan, you will be installing all or some of theseAirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized system components at each end of a link. Thefollowing sections describe both required and optional system components.

The AirLink E1

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized (see Figure 1-2 on page 1-3) consists of aweatherproof housing and mounting hardware. The weatherproof housingcontains the electronics for the basic AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized system.

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized can be mounted on an antenna mast, usingthe optional sun shield assembly and mounting hardware, or can be mountedon a wall.

The optional mast-mounting hardware consists of a combination mountingbracket and sun shieldto minimize the temperature rise from exposure tothe sun, and the mechanical hardware needed to mount the sun shield to theantenna mast. The advantage of mounting the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedizednext to the antenna is that the cable and connector loss is negligibly small (lessthan 1 dB for the short P-Com antenna cable).


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System Components and Options

Figure 1-2 A i rL i nk Pr o E1 Ruggedi zed - Sun Shi el d Assembl y on M ast

After the sun shield has been mounted on the antenna mast, the AirLink ProE1 Ruggedized housing is attached to the sun shield mounting bracket. If theAirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized must be removed for any reason, theweatherproof housing is removed as a unit, leaving the mounting bracket andsun shield in place on the antenna mast.

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized housing has additional sun shields mountedon the front and top of the unit, for added protection from the sun. These arepart of the weatherproof housing assembly and are not removed.

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized has two cable connectors on the bottombulkhead of the weatherproof housing:

An N-type connector to connect the radio transmission line from theantenna.

A weatherproof connector for the control, data, and power cable thatconnects the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized with its associatedequipment inside a building.

AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit (Optional)

The optional AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit (see Figure 1-3 on page 1-4) consistsof an enclosure that serves as an indoor access center for the AirLink Pro E1Ruggedized.

AirLinkPOWER AND

CONTROL CABLE

ANTENNAMAST

ANTENNACABLE

AirLink E1SUNSHIELD


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Product Overview


Figure 1-3 A i rL i nk Pro E1 Access Uni t

The access unit provides the following features:

DTE E1 interface for the AirLink E1

EIA/TIA-232 DTE interface for maintenance terminal EIA/TIA-232 interface reserved for future network management use

Alarm relay contacts

Order-wire telephone interface

Power, local and remote AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized alarm summaryindicators, and an order wire call-signaling indicator

EIA/TIA-232 was known as recommended standard RS-232 before its

acceptance as a standard by the Electronic Industries Association (EIA)

and Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA).

AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Cable

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized cable is a proprietary cable manufactured byP-Com. This cable carries -48 VDCpower to the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized, E1data, and system control informationsuch as the terminal user interfacesignalsfrom the communication equipment center. The power, data, andcontrol functions are bundled into one cable to simplify installation andmaintenance. This cable comes in two versions(see Figure 1-4 on page 1-5):

AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit: This cable has connectors at both endsand is used to connect the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized to the AirLinkPro E1 Access Unit.

Custom installation: This cable has a connector only at the AirLinkPro E1 Ruggedized end, while the other end is a square-cut stub, forcustomized connections to customer equipment or splicing to separatecables in the optional AirLink Junction Box.

E1

LOCAL

ALARMPOWER

REMOTE

ALARM

OW

CALL

ORDERWIRETERMINAL

NOTE


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System Components and Options

Figure 1-4 A i rL i nk Pro E1 Ruggedi zed Cable Versi ons

Both versions of the cable are equipped with a round, weatherproof connectoron one end of the cable. This connector mates with a bulkhead connector onthe AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized.

The AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit cable is also equipped with a 25-pinsubminiature D-type male connector for attaching to the AirLink Controlconnector on the rear panel of the access unit, six E1 signal wires (two E1 tip,two E1 ring, and two ground) for connecting to the AirLink Pro E1Ruggedized captive-wire terminal block on the rear panel of the access unit, aBurst Synchronization wire pair, and a direct current power wire pair, forconnecting to the DC Power Out and Gnd captive-wire terminal blockconnectors on the rear panel of the access unit. Appendix A, Specifications,provides a table that lists the pin-to-signal assignments of the AirLink Pro E1

Ruggedized cable connector and includes the corresponding wire color codesfor each of the wires in the cable.

The wires in the custom installation cable can be split out and wired accordingto specific user requirements such as customized connections to customerequipment or splicing to separate cables in the optional AirLink Junction Box.Appendix A, Specifications, provides a table that lists the pin-to-signalassignments of the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized cable connector and includesthe corresponding wire color codes for each of the wires in the cable.

AirLink Junction Box (Optional)

The optional AirLink Junction Box (see Figure 1-5 on page 1-6) consists of aweatherproof enclosure that serves as an outdoor wiring center for theAirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized. The junction box provides the captive-wiretermination blocks for converting the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized cable intoseparate power, E1, and control cables. These separate cables can then runinto the building and terminate at the appropriate equipment. Provision hasbeen made to attach conduit to the junction box, for those installationsrequiring it.

CONNECTORS AT BOTH ENDS

ROUNDWEATHER-PROOFCONNECTOR

CONNECTOR AT ONE END

CUT

CABLE

BURST SYNCHRONIZATION,DIRECT CURRENT POWER, AND

E1 SIGNAL WIRES

MALE

DB-25


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Product Overview


Like the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized, the junction box can be mounted eitheron an antenna mast or on a wall. Refer to Chapter 3, Unpacking and Installation,for more information on mounting the junction box.

Figure 1-5 A i rL i nk Pr o E1 Ruggedi zed Juncti on Box

AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized Antenna

The antenna is usually a two-foot or four-foot parabolic dish for the 5.7 GHzC-band, and has a narrow beam and high gain. For more information onantennas, refer to Chapter 2.

Features and Capabilities

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized supports a range of sophisticated controlcapabilities and options, including:

Every radio-frequency (RF) burst is verified by an error-checkingalgorithm.

Flexible, interactive user interface through an ASCII terminal.

Easily modified configuration parameters.

JUNCTION BOX


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Local and remote monitoring, diagnostic, and maintenancecapabilities.

Separate end-to-end communication channel for control and orderwire signals. Control signals and order wire voice signals do notdisturb the E1 channel.

Optional features to expand and vary the role of the AirLink Pro E1Ruggedized.

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized ASCII Terminal Interface

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized ASCII terminal user interface is an EIA/TIA-232 interface that allows a terminal device or personal computer to controland monitor AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized operation at either end of the link.The connection to the EIA/TIA-232 interface can be either a direct connection(device to port), or an indirect connection (device to modem to port) for dial-up operation.

Both the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized and the AirLink Pro E1 Access Unitprovide Terminal ports. These ports are RJ-11 modular jacks, and share thesame logical port on the digital module of the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized.These ports are set up for asynchronous terminal operation at speeds up to19,200 bps, using 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit.

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized terminal interface software contains anautobaudfeature that automatically attempts to detect the operating baud rateof the attached terminal device. Pressing at the terminal puts theAirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized terminal interface software in hunt mode,where it looks for carriage return () characters from the attachedterminal. If the terminal is set for 19200, 9600, 4800, 2400, or 1200 bps, theterminal interface software learns the operating baud rate by starting at 19200

bps and dropping to the next lower speed in the sequence until it recognizes acharacter. When it recognizes a character, it displays the AirLinkPro E1 Ruggedized prompt (AL-E1>). Pressing puts the terminalinterface software back in hunt mode.

Programmed Configuration Parameters

AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized operation is governed by user-selectableconfiguration and control parameters that reside in the non-volatile memoryof the unit. These parameters are displayed and controlled through a terminaldevice that can access both the local and remote unit. When power is lost andthen restored, the system reconfigures itself from its protected configuration

database.

A long-life lithium batteryprotects all system configuration settings duringpower losses. The battery is part of the nonvolatile memory/real-time clockcircuitry on the digital module in the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized and has a10-year storage life (in the absence of power to the AirLink Pro E1Ruggedized).


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Product Overview


The component containing the lithium battery is NOTa customer-

replaceable part. Do not expose the lithium battery cell by opening the

component. Do not attempt to recharge the battery. Do not dispose of the

component by fire. The lithium battery could explode if mistreated.

Monitoring and Diagnostic Capabilities

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized system constantly monitors the quality of thewireless link, checking the receive RF signal level, bit errors, and many othercritical factors. This information goes into an internal database of status andperformance information that the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized uses, in part, toderive the events that are stored in the event queue. As alarm events occur,they are signaled through LEDs on the digital module in the AirLink Pro E1Ruggedized and indicators on the front panel of the optional AirLink Pro E1Access Unit, and are entered in the event queue.

Using the terminal user interface, you can query either the local AirLink ProE1 Ruggedized or the remote AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized for status,performance and alarm information, and make configuration changes for

either the local or remote end of the link.

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized also provides QRSS and loopback tests thatcan be used to isolate problems. You can initiate tests in the local AirLink ProE1 Ruggedized or in the remote AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized through theterminal user interface.

Alarm Relay Contacts

The alarm contact built into the AirLink Pro E1 Access Unit is a SPDT relaycontact. If an alarm occurs such that an entry is put into the event queue, thealarm contacts switch to the alarm state for as long as the alarm event persists.

Order Wire Interface

The Order Wire interface is an auxiliary end-to-end voice communicationchannel that is carried on the radio link between the local and remote AirLinkPro E1 Ruggedized units. Maintenance and service personnel can connecttelephones to order wire ports on the local and remote AirLink Pro E1Ruggedized units and have direct voice communication between the local andthe remote site. Order Wire (OW) communication can only occur when thereis an active radio link between the local and remote AirLink Pro E1Ruggedized units. The Order Wire channel is outside of the E1 channel anddoes not affect the users data.

The Order Wire interface uses the 64 kbps pulse code modulation (PCM)encoding method and meets V.21 and V.32 modem specifications.

When the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized installation includes optional AirLinkPro E1 Access Units, telephones are plugged into the Order Wire jacks on thefront panels of the access units. Communication across the order wireinterface is initiated by picking up the telephone at either end of the link.Picking up the order wire telephone causes the following actions:


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An audible tone (beeping) at the remote access unit. This tonecontinues until the telephone at the remote end is picked up.

The OW CALLindicator on the front panel of the remote access unitblinks. This indicator continues to blink until the telephone at theremote end is picked up.


32/166

Product Overview



33/166


2System Planning

Planning for the successful installation of a microwave system involves anumber of important, highly-specialized tasks, such as equipmentspecification, site and route selection, and path analysis. The actual details ofthese tasks is beyond the scope of this guide. Except for basic information and

general guidelines regarding microwave systems, this chapter focuses on thespecific planning information required to integrate the AirLink Pro E1Ruggedized system into your operating environment. The purpose of thisdiscussion is to assist with the implementation of an effective and reliablemicrowave communications link, not to provide a tutorial on microwaveradio systems.

Site and Route SelectionBecause the installation and start-up procedures for a microwave radiosystem depend upon specialized knowledge and experience, you should read

this section to gain an understanding of the basic concepts involved.

Microwave Basics

A typical digital microwave radio configuration consists of three basiccomponents:

the digital interface

the RF interface

the antenna

These components make up what is generally referred to as a radio terminal

(seeFigure 2-1 on page 2-2). Two of these terminals form a microwavecommunications link, referred to as a microwave hop.Each terminal cansimultaneously transmit information to, and receive information from itsopposite terminal. This is referred to asfull duplex operation.

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized unit, containing the digital and RF interfaces,is typically located outside a building, mounted on the antenna mast near theantenna. This is done to improve the performance by reducing radio


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System Planning


frequency losses between the antenna and the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized toalmost zero.

The antenna radiates transmitted signals and captures incoming signals fromits opposite terminal. The antenna is typically located on the roof of thebuilding or on the side or corner of the building. The antenna can also beinstalled inside a building at a window, so that it transmits and receivesthrough the glass of the window. Some types of glass (e.g., aluminized)appear opaque to microwave signals. A radio link cannot be establishedthrough such glass.

Figure 2-1 A Ty pical Radi o Termi nal Scheme

Antennas used for 5.7 GHz microwave communications are typically theparabolic reflector type, referred to as dish antennas. A typical dish antennaconsists of the parabolic reflector, the waveguide feed, and some mountingapparatus, used for attaching the antenna to a mast, building, or otherstructure. The mounting apparatus usually includes some pivot and lockinghardware that allows the antenna to be aligned to optimize performance.Outdoor antennas sometimes have a protective cover, called a radome, thatcovers the front of the dish, protecting the waveguide feed and the surface ofthe reflector.

The waveguide feet, with its opening at the focal point of the parabola, directsthe outgoing transmit signals at the parabolic reflector, which radiates thesignal away from the antenna as a beam. Because this beam loses its focus as

JUNCTIONBOX

AirLinkE1

PARABOLIC REFLECTOR

ANTENNA FEED

ANTENNA CABLE

AirLink E1CABLE

PARAPET MOUNTHARDWARE

CUSTOMEREQUIPMENT

CABLE BUILDING


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Site and Route Selection

distance from the antenna increases, the receiving antenna actually capturesonly a small percentage of the original signal. This portion of the receivedsignal is focused at the opening of the waveguide of the antenna, and is fed tothe RF interface in the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized.

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized is connected to the antenna by coaxial cableThe distance between the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized radio unit is normallykept very short (2 meters) because coaxial cables have a high loss at 5.7 GHz.The distance can be longer, but the longer the cable, the more power loss atthe antenna.

Antenna Placement and the RF Link

One of the first tasks in planning for a point-to-point microwavecommunications link is selecting the antenna sites and determining whether aclear transmission path exists between those two points. The first half of theanalysis determines whether the antenna sites are sufficient in terms ofadequate access, structural integrity, availability of power, and proximity to

the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized radio units. The second half of the analysisdetermines whether there is an unobstructed line-of-sight path between thetwo antennas.

Si t e Survey

The actual process of conducting a site survey is outside the scope of thisguide, so questions should be directed to a qualified P-Com technical supportrepresentative. The following list contains general considerations that guide asite survey. They are presented only as an aid to understanding the surveyprocess.

There should be adequate access to the antenna site.

The path should be a line-of-sight path.

The structure to which the antenna will be mounted should beadequate to bear the antenna and the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedizedradio unit under all wind and other weather conditions.

The routing and securing of all cables should conform to all applicablecodes and requirements.

The analysis should include an investigation into future building plansthat could block the line-of-sight path. This investigation should alsoinclude other long-term incremental obstructions such as trees, andintermittent obstructions such as aircraft at a nearby airport.

Pat h Anal ysis, Pat h Loss, and Fade M argin

A path analysis examines the direction and length of a desired line-of-sightpath, the equipment being considered, the environmental context (terrain andclimate), and determines the projected net system performance, or percentageof time the system will perform at the desired performance level.


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System Planning


To achieve reliable communication, the radio path must have an averagereceived signal level high enough to protect the link against fluctuations in thesignal power due to multipath fading and other anomalous propagationconditions. This safety factor is referred to as the fade margin.

The fade margin is a measure of how much additional signal attenuation thesystem can endure without dropping below the required BER (Bit Error Rate)level.

Use the following formula to calculate the fade margin (see Figure 2-2):

Fade Margin = GSG+ GANT- LCL- LPL

where GSGis the total system gain (measured in dB), GANTis the total antennagain of both antennas (measured in dBi), LCLis the total connector/cable lossof all cables (measured in dB), and LPLis the path loss (measured in dB). Theseare described in more detail below.

The reliability of the link/annual outage time is related to the fade margin andis stated as Availability (in percent) or annual outage time (in minutes).

Figure 2-2 Fade M argin Calculat i on

System Gai n

System gain is the total gain of the radiosystem, without any consideration ofthe antennas or cables. It is simply the arithmetic difference between thetransmitters output power and the receivers sensitivity threshold. Systemgain (GSGin the formula) is measured in dB. To calculate the system gain,subtract the receiver sensitivity from the transmitter power:

(Transmit Power) - (Receiver Sensitivity) = (System Gain)

For example, for an AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized operating at maximum power(+20 dBm) with normal receiver sensitivity (-80 dBm), the system gain is

100 dB: (+20 dBm) - (-80 dBm) = 100 dB

Ant enna Gain

Antenna gain is the measure of the antennas ability to focus the radiofrequency (RF) energy into a preferred direction. Antenna gain (GANTin theFade Margin formula) is measured in dBithe ratio between the powerradiated by the antenna in a specific direction over the power radiated to that

AirLink E1

System Gain (GSG)

Connector/CableLoss (LCL)

AirLink E1

System Gain (GSG)

Connector/CableLoss (LCL)

Antenna Gain (GANT) Antenna Gain (GANT)

Path Loss (LPL)


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Site and Route Selection

direction by an isotropic antenna fed by the same transmitter. An isotropicantenna radiates a signal evenly in all directions.

Refer to the antenna manufacturers information to determine the antennagain for the antenna you will be using. Some antennas are specified in dBd.This number can be converted to dBi by adding 2 dB.

Cable and Connect or Loss

The directional antenna is normally connected to the AirLink Pro E1Ruggedized radio unit with the coaxial cable supplied by P-Com as part of theinstallation kit. The main advantage of mounting the AirLink Pro E1Ruggedized next to the antenna and using the short cable is that the cable andconnector loss is minimized (less than 1 dB).

The cable loss (LCLin the formula) is measured in dB, and depends on thecable length and the type of cable you are using. You can use any 50 ohmcoaxial cable whose loss in dB per 30 meters is low enough (3 dB to15 dB) so asnot to contribute significantly to the total link loss. Quality cables with less

than 7 dB per 30 meters loss are sold by P-Com and P-Com distributors.

Free Space Pat h L oss

Due to reflections from the ground and other objects, the actual path lossbetween the transmitting and receiving antennas might differ significantlyfrom the calculated path loss when both antennas are placed in a free spaceenvironment. Unfortunately, the additional loss due to these effects is difficultto calculate and requires precise knowledge of the geometry of the link andsurrounding materials which, in most cases, is not available.

Typically, the largest contributor to link loss is the loss of power as thesignal travels through space. This contribution, called Free Space Path Loss,can be easily calculated as follows: To determine the free space path loss,determine the distance between the AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized radio unitsthat you will be using for your application and refer to Table 2-1, or use thefollowing formula:

attenuation in dB = [92.4 + 20 LOG (distance in kilometers) + 20 LOG (frequency in GHz)]

Tabl e 2-1 Free Space Pat h Loss

Distance(kilometers)

Path Loss@ 915 MHz

(L-Band)

Path Loss@ 2.4 GHz(S-Band)

Path Loss@ 5.7 GHz(C-Band)

1 92 dB 100 dB 108 dB

2 98 dB 106 dB 114 dB

3 101 dB 110 dB 117 dB

4 104 dB 112 dB 120 dB

5 106 dB 114 dB 121 dB

6 107 dB 116 dB 123 dB

7 109 dB 117 dB 124 dB


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System Planning


Application ExamplesThis section provides three sets of application examples to assist you inplanning your own system:

Independent pair operation, consisting of an AirLink Pro E1Ruggedized pair in a point-to-point link.

Multiple pair (hub) operation, consisting of a number of AirLink ProE1 Ruggedized units operating from a central site, with transmissionpaths radiating outward to units at remote sites.

Repeater operation, consisting of two or more AirLink Pro E1Ruggedized pairsrepeater link segmentsset up end-to-end to relayinformation between sites.

The difference between these application types has to do primarily with howtiming is defined and how burst synchronization is achieved. These twoconsiderations are explained in more detail below.

Timing and Burst Synchronization

The AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized provides full-duplex, radio-to-radiocommunication that follows a ping-pong analogy: while one unit transmits aradio burst, the other unit receives that burst. After the other unit receives acomplete burst, it waits through a guard interval before turning on its

transmitter and transmitting its burst. In each AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedizedpair, one unit is referred to as the master; the other is referred to as the slave.

The unit designated as the master governs the operation of the pair because ithas the responsibility for initiating the radio link, and for providing the burstsynchronization signal that drives the transmit/receive cycle. A completeframe consists of a transmit burst followed immediately by a receive burst.While one unit transmits a burst, the other unit receives that burst. The slavealways transmits its burst in reaction to a received burst.

8 110 dB 118 dB 126 dB

9 111 dB 119 dB 127 dB10 112 dB 120 dB 128 dB

15 115 dB 124 dB 131 dB

20 118 dB 126 dB 134 dB

25 120 dB 128 dB 135 dB

30 121 dB 130 dB 137 dB

35 123 dB 131 dB 138 dB

40 124 dB 132 dB 140 dB

50 126 dB 134 dB 141 dB

Tabl e 2-1 Free Space Pat h Loss (Cont i nued)

Distance(kilometers)

Path Loss@ 915 MHz

(L-Band)

Path Loss@ 2.4 GHz(S-Band)

Path Loss@ 5.7 GHz(C-Band)


39/166


Application Examples

I ndependent Pai rs

When an AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized pair operates independently, the burstsynchronization timing signal (approximately 2.25 ms) is derived from theinternal clock of the master, while the slave derives its bit and burstsynchronization from its received RF signal. In this case, timing and burst

synchronization are handled internally by the master and slave.

Hub Operati on

When a number of AirLink Pro E1 Ruggedized units are clustered at a centralsite (seeFigure 2-5 on page 2-9 and Figure 2-8 on page 2-10), it is critical thatall of the units transmit and receive at the same time, to minimize inter-channel interference. In such a case, one of the units at the central site mustserve as the burst synchronization source for all the other units at that site.

That unit is referred to as theprimary master andhas its burst synchronizationsignal pair wired to the burst synchronization signal pairs of the other units,referred to as secondary masters. The primary master is

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