Classification Of speech sounds

Organs of speech

Manner Of Articulation

Manner of Articulation

The manner of articulation is the way the airstream is affected as it flows from the lungs and out of the mouth and nose.

Stop / Plosives

Fricatives

Affricates

Nasal

Flap or trill

Lateral

Frictionless continuant/semi- vovel

Manner of Articulation

Stop / PlosivesProduced by completely stopping the air passage and then releasing it.

Articulators – complete closure, airstream cannot escape through the mouth.

3 stages in the production:-Closing stage

• The two articulators move towards each other.

Closure stage

• The two articulators are in contact with each other.

Release stage

• The two articulators move away from each other.

FricativesFricative Sounds are produced by partly blocking the air and allowing it partly to escape through a slit or grove with accompanying friction which sometimes audible. Consonant sounds like

F(as in fan)V(as in van) Th(as in think)Th (as in then)S(as in sun)

AffricatesAn affricate sound is like a combination of a stop and a fricative , that is half of an affricate sound is like that of a stop in its articulation with the air passage completely blocked while the second half is produced like a fricative with partial blocking of the air and with partial release

English has two affricate sounds, ’ch’ sound and ’j’ sound, just like "church" and "judge".

[t∫] - voiceless post - alveolar affricate [dʒ] - voiced post - alveolar affricate

NasalNasal sounds are produced by releasing the air through the nose.For exampleM(as in man)N (as in name)are nasal consonants.

Flap or trillWhen the tip of an active speech organ that( is the tongue or the uvula) is tapped once against a surface within the moth, a flap sound is produced. For instance, the r sound (as in run, rain) in English is a flap. But when the tip of the active articulation is tapped more than once in articulation, the resulting sound is trill

LateralA lateral consonant is produced when the air escapes from one or both sides of an articulator(i.e the tongue). English L(as in long, late)is a lateral consonant.

Frictionless continuant

Some consonants are produced without blocking the air completely or partially . They are like vowels and yet they must be considered consonants. For exampleW (as in wine,wall)Y (as in yes, you)Are semi vowels . They are also known as frictionless continuants