Manned Space Flight Team

8/7/2019 Manned Space Flight Team

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NATIONAL AERONAUTICSAND SPACE ADMINISTRATION


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MAN NED SPACE FLIGHT TEAMTh e Kational A eronauti and pace Admini . trali on ha a

16man fli g ht per onnel team at :\Janned Spacecraft nl e r inHo us t n. Tex, This team i comp o ed o f th Pr o jec t ' [ ercur )'astronaut, chose n in April 1050, plu additional as tr ona ut!',ehos n bl s pac e offi c ia ls in Se pte mb e r 196 2 ,

With Proje t :' fe rcur ) nea rin g co mpl e tion the entir e (t roupis \\ o rkin g: as an in teg ra l d tea m on the up co m ing Pr oje


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NEi l A. ARMSTRO NG , a nali\ e of Wapakoneta, Ohio, wa g raduat ed fromPurdue University in 1955 with a ba chelor of science degree in a ronautica lenginee ring and ha ince a ttended the University of Californi a on a parttimebasis working toward a master' degree in mathematics. Armstrong was alaval av iator from 1949 until 1952. and. during hi la t two year of tha tse rvice, new 78 combat mi s ions in the Korean action. Following gra duation

fT m Purdue, the 32yea rold t st pilot worked for A A's L wi Fli ght Pro pulsion Laborator y, then at Edwards Ai r Force Ba e as an a ronauLica l re-ea rch engin eer for A A.He has participated in ni ght -te t work on the F- lOO , F- I04, B 7, F- I02 andthe X- J5. He i a senior m mb r of the American Rock t ociety, a memberof the Experimental Te t Pi lot A soeiation, and a member of th e Institute ofe ro pa re cienccs. Hf' was the rec ipient of th 1962 Ins ti tut e of eros pa ei nces Octave Chanut e wa rd.Armstrong i the on of Mr. and ir s. S teven Armstrong of Wa pakoneta, andi mar ried to the former Janc Elizabeth Sh earon of Chicago, Ill. Th ey ha\ 'eon son , Eric,S .cil Arm trong' spec ia l a ignm ent i to monitor the development, design

and u e of train r and simulator, including new training requirements nota soc iated with specific mi ssion imulators.2

FRANK BORMAN, a major in th e nited e ~ Air Force. wa s horn in ar ),.Ind. He a ll nded th nited ta tes Military Academy a t West Point , .Y.,and wa grad uated in 1950 with a bachelor of science degree. He receivedhis master 's degree in aeronautical engineerin g from Ca lifornia In stitute olTechnology, Pasadena, in 1957. From 1957 until 1960 he was in stru ctor ofThermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics at the Mil itary Academy.Pri or to el c tion a an a tronaut in ept mb er 1962. hI' se rved a allin tructor at thc erospace He 'aT h Pilot choo l at Edwards Air For e Sa c.wh re he prepa red and delivered academ ic I ctures, simul a toT bri efings. andnight -te t bTiefin gs on the theory and prac tic of pacecraft testin g. li e keptab reas t of deve lopment in mann d spacecraft and con ulted with JTgin een;and te t pi lot in collecting material {or use in th e continuou revi ion of thecourse curriculum.

Borman, 34, is the on of Mr . and Mrs. Edwin Borma n of Phoenix, Ariz.,and is married to the formcr u an Bu gby of Verona, .1. They have twoson - Fr de rick, 11 , and Edwin, 9.Frank Borm an' special a signm nt i to concentratc on th booster d ignand d velopment program , especiall y booster-abort systcms, and the d ve lop-

ment of abort-preventing proced ur (r mis ion uccess.


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M. SCOTT CARPENTER . a lieute nant cO IlUlI antiPr in the nited State":'/a I'Y, wa, c ho5r n as a Projec t .\I e rcury astrona ut in April 1959. I Ie pilot (' ''the urom 7 pa ec raft on a th reeo rhit f 1 h t of th e ra rth '\Iuy 2l . 1962.Carprntl' r was born in Boulder, Co lo.

He ente r d Colo rado Co llege in 1943 to pa rti c ipat e in the 'a\ l' \ V-S pro !(ram. and aft r a yea r there had succe s ive training at L '\[ ary's Pr e Fli j!ht. choo l a t .\Ioraga , Ca lif. , an d Ottumwa, I owa. Wh en th e V-5 program e ndedat th l' close of World War II. he entere I th e nive rsity of Colorado a t Boulder.and j()ined the Navy for f1i !!httraining in 19+9.

In 01' mile r 1951, he wa as ign cd to Patrol Squadron 6, ba sed a t BarboursPin t , !lawa ii , a nd durin j! the Korea n co nfli c t he engaj!ed in antisubmarineshippin !! surv e illancr an I a rial mining artivities with that quadron in th l'Yellow ea . outh China Sea an d th e F orm o a trait. In ol'ember 1954.he e nt ered th e ' avy T es t Pi lot choo l a t Patuxe nt Riw r, Md . , and followin ghi s gradua tion wa s assigned to th e El ec troni c T e t Division .

Ca rp e nte r, 37, is married to th e form c R ne Louise Pr ice o[ Boulder an dth e ouplc hav e four c hildren- Mark. Ja y, Kri ste n, and Ca ndace . II is fat\1('r.M. . Carpenter. li ves at Palme r Lake, Colo.

cOll Carpent e r' spe c ial as ip:nme nt i til(' lunar ('xcur,ion moduiC" rin g.

Followin g: g raduation, 11 (' entered the la\y, and la ter a tte nd ed the Navy Te s tPil ot choo l a t Pa tux e nt Hiver, ' Id . From 1959 until 19lil he was a flig htins tru c tor a n l pe rformancl' t'n g: in rer at til{' ava l Air Stati on ther e.

Co nrad is a member of th (' Tm,titute of A c r o ~ r a ( " e cienc and an a soe iatemcmil f' r of th E' Soc iety of Expe rim enta l T st Pilot .

His la' t U"i!(nnll'nt. prior to being cho!'en a s one of th e as trona ut s l t Se pt cmb r, wa, as . af ty Officl'r for F'i j!hte r qu ad ron 142 and he fore thattim (' he was a n FIll in !'tru c tor a t th e ava l ir tation, ,',Iicamar. Ca li.

Co nrad is th e , on o f Charles Co nra d of , 'a raw ta , Fla. , an I i\Trs. Fr a nces V.Sargent of II u\crforcl, Pa. li e is married to the fo rm er J an e DuBose of . all

ntonio. T ex. Th e C n r a d ~ haH' four son!'- Pe te, 8. Thom a 5, Andrew, 3 .and Christopher. 2.

Cha rles C o n r a d ' ~ spcc ia l ass ij!nm en t is to spec ia lize in coc kpit la yout s, in s trum ent di spla ys an d pilut co ntrol s. to ins ur(, that syste ms " displays" acea ppropriate l), int ('!( rat e d into coc kpit pa nek

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\I e rcury As trona ut L. GORDON COOPER, JR ., a major in th e Air Fo rce,born in h awnee, Okla .. in 1927, was elE'cted to fl y th Mercur y tla 9 nneday mis ion. H crvcd in th e Marinc Cor ps, a ttend cd th c Nava l AcademyPr epa ratory ehool, wa s a member of th e Pr es id enti al 11 0nor Guard in Wa shington, O. . . a nd attcnded th e nivcr ity of Ha wa ii fo r th ree y a rs be forereceiv in /! a n Arm y commi sion. He trans ferr ed to the ir Force a nd wasca ll e I to active dut y in 1949 for flight tra ining.

s / e d to the 86 th Fig hterBomber Group a t J\llIni h, Germany, he a tt end edth e European Extension of th e ni versity of i\ la ryla nd, la ter attended th eAir Force Tnstitute of Tcc hnology a t Wri/!ht-Pa u erson Ai r Force Ea e, andreceived a ba he lor' de/!rel' in ae rona uti ca l cngi neeri n /!. Nex t, oop r wa sas igned to th ir For e Exp rim cn tal Fl ight Test chool a t Edwards iTrore a ~ e , a li[ . fter I(radu at ion 11(' jo in d th e P erformanc En gin ee rin gBranch of th e Fli l-(h t T t D i i o n .

His mother, i\ lr s. L. ordon Coo per , li" e at a rbondale, Colo. He is marriedto th e form er Trud y 01 n o f ca lli e, Was h., an I th e 0 pers have twodaughters -Camala and ]anita.Gordon oopr r' sp cia I ass ignm nt consists o[ pi lot pha cs o f Pr ojec t

;\ [ereu ry.

tronaut JOHN H. GLENN , JR. , th t, f i t me rica n a tronaut to orbit th eea rth is a na ti ve of Cambrid /!e, Ohio. li e a ttend d lu skin gum o il /!e prior to

nt erin g th e ava l Avi a tion Cadet Pro /!ra m a nd la ter a ttend ed the Uni ve rs ity ofMar yland.

Th 41-yea rold Glenn , a Marine li eu t nan t co lo nel, jo ined Fighter qlladron155 in the J\Iar hall Islan d in 1943 an d fI IV 59 combat mis ions. Durin g theKorea n ac tion , he new 63 mi si n "i th a r e F h r quadron 311 , an d 27whi le an ex ~ e pilot with the Air Fo rce .

C lenn a ttended Te t Pi lot chool at P a tuxent Riv er, i\Id ., IVa PI'oj ct offi er0 1\ a numb r of air raft, la t r was a j"'n I to th e Fi gh ter I e ip:n Branch [tlH' al 'Y Bu r au of Aeronau ti c in W h i n . He ha been awa rd d th eI)i.tinglli_hcd Flying 1'0 five time : h olds the A,ir i\ leda l with 113 lu"ter .In .l uly 1957, whi le project officer o f th F8U, he se t a tra nsco ntin ental fli uhtreco rd from Los n /!f" lf's to CIY York o f 3 hours and 23 minut e .

Th e so n of II lr . and i\ lr . J ohn II. lenn of ell' Concord, Ohi o, he is ma rri dto th!' forme r Ann a 'largare t Ca. tor, a l oo f that co mmunity. Th ey have twochildr n- John Dav id and a rolyn nn .John Gl nn ' . pcc ial ass ignment is I rojec t po lio. whi h i th pI' j e t [ormanned pace nig ht to th e moon.


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Astronaut VIRGil I. "GUS" GRISSOM , th e second l\Iercury pilot to fl y as ubo rbital mi ssion, wa s born in Mitchell , Ind.He wa s grad ua ted from Purdu Univer ity with a ba chelor' degree inm ec hanical enl\'inee ring in 1950, then took avia tion cadet trainin g and rece ivedhis wings in March 1951.The 36 yea rold Air Force major fl ew 100 combat mi ssions in Korea in F- 86Sahre jets with the 334th FighterIntercep tor Squadron. Following that ac tionhe became a jet pilot instru ctor at Bryan, Tex.In August 1955, he entered th e if Force In titute of Technology at Wri ght P atterson Air Force Base, Ohio. to tudy aeronautical engineerin g.In Octobe r 1956, he attended the Te t Pilot Schoo l at Edwards Air For ceBase , Ca lif. , and later returned to Wri ght-Patter on Air Force Base in May 1957as a test pil ot a s ( ' d to the Fi ght er Brancb.Gri ssom is I ~ son of Mr. and Mr s. Dennis D. Grissom of Mitchell , a nd ismarried to the former Betty L. Moore, also of that commun.ity. They havetwo sons, Scott and Mark.Virg il Gr is am' special as ignm ent i Pr ject Gemini , which has rend ezvou sin space as a major obj e live.

JAMES A. lOVEll, JR. , a lieutenant commander in th e Navy, was bornin Cleveland, Ohio. He att ended the University of Wiscon in from 1946 to1948 and tbe U . . Naval Academy from 1948 to 1952.From J anuary 1958 until Ju ly 196 1, be was a tes t pilot at the Naval Air TestCenter at I alllxent River, Md. Hi s work th ere included ervice as programman ager for the F4H Weapons System Evalua tion .The 34-yearold Lovell, wh o wa s chosen as an as tronaut in Sep tember 1962,wa s gradualed from the A",ja tion Saf ety ch oo l of th e niversity of South ernCaliforruia in 1961.His la L as ignment wa as ni i!ht in s tructor and safety officer at the ava lAir ta ti on, Oceana, Va.Lov ell' s mo th er, Mrs. Blanch Lov ell, res id es at Edgewater Beach, Fla. Heis marri ed to the former Ma rilyn Lillie Gerlach of Mil waukee, Wi s., and thcyhave th ree children- Barbara Lynn , 9, J ames Arth ur, 7, and usan Kay, 4.J ames LO\ 'e Jl ' special as ignm ent i to monitor des ign and developmen t ofall recovel)' systems, such as pa rag lider, parachute and LEM land ing systems, in cluding resolving operational problems in th e reentry and recovery par t of thcmission.

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JAMES A. McDIVITT , un \i r o r ~ l ru p tai n. \\8 '; namcd a, an as tr o naut ineptcmb er 1962. Th t> :33-yea ro ld na ti\ 'e o f Chi cago, III .. a ttend ed J ac kson

Juni or Coll cp:c from 1948 to 1950. and th e Univcrs it y of l\lichigan from 1957 to1959. He wa g l'a lua led first in hi s ClclSS an d J'l'ce ived a bac he lor of ci nc('

e e e in ae ron autjca i engin ee ring.li e joined th Air Porce in 1951 and II w 1-l5 omhat mi 'sio ns in F- 80' s a ndF- 86 's during th Korea n ae t ion. 1\1 Di"itt at tend ed th ., Ail' Force Exp eri mental Tei't Pil ot choo l a t Edward s ir Force l1a e in 1959 a nd 1962 a nd th eAir For ce A rospace Resea rch Pil ot Co ur e in 1961. ll i . la. t a ignm ent ", aoa ~ an exp erilll f'nt a l fli p:ht tes t offi ce r a t Ed wa rd .

Mc Divitt i a l11l'mlJ r of th e In titut e of e ros pace ciences. th e Am cricanRo ket Soc iet)' , an d th Soc ie ty o f F:xp c rim ent a l Te t Pil ot .

lIi s pa rent are 1\11'. an d Irs. ] ame lcDivitt , o f la ck on , Mi ch. He imarried to th e form er P a t rioia An n Il aa of Cleve land, Ohio. Th ey have th reechildren- .\l i chae l A., An n Lynn, a nd Pa t ric W.

J am S l\ !c Divitt's special a ig nm ent is d e ign a nd d l'c1opm cllt of g uid a nc"an d nav iga t ion sy tems and a id, [" r op erationa l r cquir cnwnt s.

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WALTER M. SCHIRRA , JR., a avy command er, i a native o[ lI a ken ack,.J . Th e 39yea ro ld J\!er 'ury as trona ut ha mad e th c lo ng st pace fli ght ofa ny Ame ri can to dat e. his s ixorbit l 1 l i ~ ion on October 3, 1962.li e at t nd l'd th e ewa rk . .J ., Co llep:e o f En p: inee rin g [or one year he(oreenterin /! th l' la\'a l Acad c lll , from whir h he wa g raduated in 1945.Schir ra re e ived flig ht training a t Pensaco la, Fla. , and la te r e rved with Fip: ht erSq uad ro n 71. s an cxc hanp:c pilot with th e ir Force, he fl ew 90 miss ions inKorea in F- 8I E a ircraft.

ll e took part in th e d(' w lopm nt of th e Sid('\\inder mi ", il e at Chin a Lake.Ca lif. ; a nd was project pilot for th e F7 - .3 utl as an d in tr uc to r pilot for theCutlass and til(' FJ .3 Fury.

'c hi r m a ttend ed th e 1 a\ a l Air . a[c ty Oni e r c hool at til nive rbity ofSou th e rn Cu lifo rni a. a nd had trs t pilot t ra ining a t P a tux ent River, Id. I ii ,las t a ignlll ent hefore joiniJ1 p: Pr ojec t J\l erc ury in pril 1959. was a t Patuxentin s uit a bilit y deve lopment work on th F4H .

lIi s pa rent s. l\ lr . and ,\I rs. Wa ltr r i\1. chirra. res id e a t La J o lJa, Ca lif. He isrnarrie I to th e f rlll er Jo se phin ' r.. Fra e r o f . ra lli e. W as h. Th ey ha\'e twochildren- Walt I' '\1. ][1 , a nd uzunn e.

l r chirra spec ializes in ove ra ll o pe ration s and tra ininp:.


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ELLIOT M. SE E, JR ., was hurn in Da Ua , Tex ., July 23, 1927. He rece iveda ba che lor of sc ience dc)!rce from th e .5 . 'lerchant 'la rine Acad emy in 1949,and a mas t r of ,c il'nce degrc(' from th e niy er ity of Ca lifo rnia at Los Ang ell'sin 1962.

pe se rved in til l' ayy from 195:{ to 1956. Foll owin p; hi s /Iraduatio ll in 1949,until hI" ent ered th(' ' avy and since that service, he has worked for Cen ra lElectric Ollllla n), firs t as a flight te t enl[in ee r and later as an xperilllcnta lte. t pilot.

II i las t job with Gpncral Elec tri c was a t Edwards, Ca lif. , wh e re he se n 'cdas proj ec t pilot 011 th e J 79- 8 Enp;i ne Eva lu ati n Pro p; ralll in their F41T ba iledai rc ra ft. li e as, i, t d tile projec t e nl( inee r and fl ew approximat ely h alf of th eF411 mi ion s.

ee i a memh er of the Ins tit1lte of Aero pace ciences. He a ~ 10f!l(ed morethan 3,200 hours liy ing tim e. in cluding 2,300 hours in jet ai rcra ft.

Hi s pa ren ts, J\lr. and -'If. Elliot Il l. c , re id e in DaLia . He i" marri d tothe former Ma rilyn J ane De na hy o f C or)!etown, Ohi o, and th ey have twodaught ers. all y, 6. and Ca rol yn, 5.

Elliot See's. pec ia l ass if! nm ent is to monitor the des ign and dev lopm cn t. ofel e tri ca! and seq llPnt ia l sys tems. Tn add iti on, he will a id in the coordina tionfor mi ion planninl(.

ALAN B. SHEPARD , JR., a ayy eOl11mandrr and a P rojec t -'tercur)' a t ronautIVa America' first man in s pace. He fl ell a uborh ita l miss ion ,\f ay 5, 196 1.

Th e 39y a ro ld na tive of Ea t De rr )" .11., was g rad ua ted from th e U . . Nava lAcademy in 194-l, und th e ava l War Co lleg!' a t ewpor t, H. I. , in 1958 .

Shepa rd a ttend d th e 'u v), Te t Pilot Schoo l at Pa tux ent ilive r, i\ JtI. , in 1950 ,and u ~ e lu elltl)' s(,l"ved two tours in flight tf's t work th ert. Duri np; hi s firs t tou r.he took part in hil(h al titude t('sts. and took part in ('x pt'rim en ts in t('st andde\ 'e lopme nt of th e a\y" in -O i{!:ht refu lin g y ( ' m . carr i{' r buitability tri a l o fth e F2 113 Bansh e, a nd Navy tri a ls o f th e first a ng lC'd tarriC'r de r k.

During hi s second tour a t P a tux ent, he was enp:ap;ed in tes tin g th e F:3 11 Dcmon,F 8U Cru sad er, F4D Skyr ay, and th e FllF Ti ge rral. li e was projec t te t p iloton th e P5D kylance r, a nd pent his las t fi\e months the n' a an ins tru ctor inth e T t Pi lot c hoo !.

Hi parent a r 0 1. and i\ lr . A la n B. Shephard, of Ea st Derry. Shephard isma rried to the form r Louise Brewer of Ken ne tt Sq uare, Pa . Th ey have twodaughte r s -J ul iana and Laura.

Alan B. hc pard specializes in pilot pha


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As trona ut DONALD K. "DEKE" SLAYTON was born in ' parta , Wis., andI! raci uated from the ni ve rsity o f Minnesota with a ba chelor's degree in aeronauti cal engineerin g in 1949.

Th e 38-yea r-old Air Force ma jo r rece il'ed his wings in 1942, and new 56 combatmi s ions in B- 25 's with the 304lh Bombardm ent Group in Europe. H e r eturnedto the nited tates as a B- 25 in stru ctor pilot in 1944 and then served with aIInit checkin g out pilot in th e B- 26_H joi ned the 319t h Bom l ardmrnt Group on Okinawa in Ap ril of 1945, Oewseve n combat mis ions over J apa n, and spe nt another year as a B-25 in stru ctorbefor ent erin g the niver ity of [ i n n e s . Follow in g grad uation he wa s a n ae ron auti cal eng inee r with Boeing Aircraft'ompany in Sea ttl e, returning to active duty w'ith the [inneso ta National Guardin 1951. He attended the T est Pilot School at Edward s Ai r Force Base, Calif.,in 1955 and spe nt thr ee yea r as an experimental jet aircraft tes t pilot.layton is the so n of Me. an d Mrs. Charles S. Slayton of Spart a and is marriedto the form er Marjori e Lunney o[ Los Angeles. Th e Slay tons have on son, Kent.Donald Slay ton is coo rdinator for astronaut act ivitie , and ma intains overallsup ervi. ion of as tronaut duti es.

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As tronau t THOMAS P_ STAFFORD wa s born in Weath rford . Okla.Th e 32-yea r-old Air Force ca pta in IVa grad uated [rom the U .. aval Acad my

at Annapolis, Md., in 1952, then went into the Air Force.As hi eCof t he Performance Branch, Experimental Test Pilot Di vision, U AF"ero pac e Re carch Pil ot choo l at Edward s Air For ce Base , he was responsiblefor the s upervision a nd admi nis tration of fiyin g c urriculum for s tud ent t st pilots.tafford monitored a ll Right and academic chedules, established ba ic tex tbookand participa ted in and d irec ted the writing of night test manuals for use bythe staff and tudcnt s_ Stafford i co-author of the Pil ot's Ha ndb ook for Per Cormanc Fli ght Testin g, and of the Aerodynam ics Handb oo k for P erforman eFli ght T estin g.He i the son of Mrs. Ellen Cra btree, of Weath erford, Okla. He is marriedto the form er Fay e Laverne hoema ker, also of Wea therford. Th e a f f o r ~ have two daughters, Dianne and Ka ren.

Thomas tafford 's spec ial as ignmenl i to monitor the de ign and d ve lopment of communica tions and instrum entat ion sy tern s, in uring that on boardsystem ar e compa tible with pilot need and properly integra ted with the missioncontr ol sy tem, g rollnd ope ra tional supp ort and other communica tion links.


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Astronaut EDWARD H. WHITE \,'a s born in San An toni o. Tex.He was grad uated from th e .S. Military Academy a t West Point un 195 2with a bac helor of sc ience d eg ree , an d rece ived a master of sc icnce degr ee ina eronauti ca l ng in ee rin g [rOI11 the Unive rsit y of Mi chigan in 1959.

Th e 32.y arold Air For ce c a , i n joined that bra nc h of the se rvice upongraduation from th e '\lilita ry Acad em y and allend e I the Air For ce Tes t Pi lotSchoo l a t Edwa rds Air For ce Base, Ca lif. , in 1959. !-I e a lso a tt ended th e AirFor ce urv iva l Schoo l at Bad Tolz. Ge rmany.As an experi me nla l tes t pilot with the Aeronau tica l Syslem Divis ion a tWri ght Patter on ir For ce Basc. Oh io, he made flight tests [or research andwea pon s sys tems d "elopmenl , wrote techni ca l eng inee ring repo rt s, and mad('recommendations for improvement in ai rcraft des ign and construction.Whit e is thl' so n of Mr. a nd Mr s. Edward H. While of S t. P et rsbu r g, Fla.He is married to th e fonner Patri cia Eil en Finegan of Wa shin gton, D.C., andth ey have two chi ldr en, Edwa rd a nd Bonnie Lynn.Edward White's s pecial ass ignm nt is to monitor th f' design a nd dp1 elop mento f flight cont rol system and rela led e qu ipm ent.

A tronall t JOHN W. YOUNG wa born in San Franci co, Ca lif.HI;' wa s grad ua ted from Georgia In til ute of Techn ology in 1952 with abachelor of sc ience deg ree in aeronautica l eng in eerin g.Th e 32yearo ld Navy lieutenant commander jo ined the avy immed iate ly

aft er gradu a ti on. Hi s las t as ignm enl, prior 10 se leclion as a n as tronau t tra inee,was a main tenance officer for Fighter quad ron 53 at the al'al Air Station in]\ lir amar, Ca lif. Early in 1962 he se t world tim eloc lim b records for the 3,000and 25,000'mcler events in Projec t Hi gh Jump.

From 1959 until 1962 he \Va pro gram manager a nd tes t p ilot for the avyF4H proj ect. He pent thi s pe riod fl ying and writing te hni ca l reports and testresult s for preliminary eva lu a tion by th e Navy.Young is the on of Will illln Young, II'ho n01l" res ides at Orlando, F la . He ismarried to the fo rmer Barba ra Vincent White of Savannah, Ga. Th e coupl eha two children, Sa ndra and John.J ohn Young's special assignment i to mon itor the des ign and developm ent ofenvironmental co nt rol systems, _urvival gear , pressu re suit s, cO llches and oth err ersona l eq1l1ipment.

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s tems [un c lio n and failures. Effective use of the pro ed ur elrainers is predicated upo n the knowledge o f systems ma lfunc-ti ons which might or c ur , an "I what actions a re taken by the pilotlo co rrect lh em.

Ba ic cience subj ec ts in which the night per onnel ar e giv nr fr e her cou r e include pace nav iga ti on, computer th eory,fli ght mechani . a tronom y, ph ysics of the up per atmo phereand pace. 1 ioas tr onautic , ad anced prop ul ion systems, aero-d namic . g uidance an d on tr ol. pace comm unica tion . gI b almeteoro logy. and elenology. In addition, further traininO' ico ndu cted in star recogniti on loge ther with meth ods of ob erv-ing so lar and m leoro logical events, ea r lh and lunar terra in , a ndp ycholog i a l and phy iolog ica l reac tions. Th i s trainin g aidin delermining man 's capabi lit y in th e pace environment an dlay the grou n lw o rk for th e sc ientific act ivities of the a tronauts.

In familiarizing the Ai g hl personnel with co nditions of s pa e-night , a n e entia l requirement i lo inlrodu ce the nov el co ndi-lion s lo b enco unte red. Th e e inclu Ie high acce lerali n,weightle ness. red uced atmospheric pre ur e . hea t. di orien ta-lion. tumblin O'. noise and vib ration. fu ch ha s been learnedal out th ese co ndilions lh r ugh the re ult o f th e Proj ect Mer-cur y ub rbilal ni ghts of Astr ona uts Alan B. Shepard , Jr. , andV ir O' il I. Gri om ; th e th reeorbit ni ght of A tr onauts J hn H.Glenn , J1'. , a nd M. Scott Carpen te r and the six-orbit flig ht of

tronaut Wa ller 1\1. Sc hirra, Jr. Weightles ne s pr ese nted oneof the major co ncern s durin '" th e ea rli er da ys of Merc ur y trainin g du e t lh e diffi cult y of accomp li hin g thi tate for more thana very shorl period of tim e. Th i co ncern , however, waa ile ia ted wilh the Rig ht o f china , \\ho experi enced nin e h ourof weig h lie s fI ight and term ed it " mo t plea ant."

NIGHT : NE IL AI


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ABOV/I :' " TRONi/U,/, VmGIL I. "GUS" GRISSOMchecks ' ' r i o l L ~ poill'" wi,h ellgineers "ntitechllici"",, dur i"g a S/J"cf'cr"lt test at lIallgar S.BilLOW: ASTUONAU1' GORDON COOPlm IILaill(aillS{/ c/OM' wlltch Ol'er 'h e prog"(,ss o la simulatedIlight 01 Schirm dltring 011(' ol ,he many proced"res'rainer ,e,"s perlormed prior to the lalter' " six-orbit flight.


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.,.. ~ ~ : . . .'. " . . ' ", . NA TlONAl AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

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