Working Together for StudentsOpen Textbook CollaborationBC and Manitoba

Clint Lalonde Manager, Open Education, BCcampusCampus Manitoba WebinarOctober 22, 2015Photo: IMG_4590 by Tom Woodward CC-BY-NC

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1. The textbook problem2. What are open textbooks?3. The importance of faculty reviews4. The process: How Manitoba faculty

reviews work

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Connect the expertise, programs, and resources of all BC post-secondary institutions under a collaborative service delivery framework

• Promote & support the development & use of Open Educational Resources• System wide initiatives to facilitate the enhancement of a high quality teaching & learning

culture.

Open Education & Professional Learning

The Problem

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Average student debt difficult to pay off, CBC, March 11, 2014Student Debt in Canada, Canadian Federation of Students, Fall 2013

After three years of post-secondary schooling in Nova Scotia, Verge graduated in 2008 with about $25,000 of debt — just about the national average. More than five years later, she has only managed to pay back about $2,000.

For people like Verge, high debt loads are not only a financial stress but can delay the time it takes individuals or couples to reach certain milestones, such as having children, getting married or owning property…

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39%

29%

19%

8%5%

How much students in Canada say they spend on textbooks per term

$200 or less$200-$400$400-$600$600-$800$800+

Data on Textbook Costs, Higher Education Strategy Association, published February 2015Data gathered Fall 2012 n=1350

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Course Textbook Bookstore AmazonCHEM 1105 Chemistry: The Central Science (lab manual) $215.00 $214.20MATH 1501 Basic Technical Mathematics with Calculus $186.50 $140

MINE 1101 Laboratory Manual in Physical Geology $118.95 $155COMM 1135 Writing for Success $45.95 $36.20COMP 1620 New Perspectives on Computer Concepts $183.95 $165.25

New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel $137.95 $151.40MINE 1100 Mineral Exploration and Mining Essentials $73.95 $89.95MINE 1107 None - -PHYS 1147 Custom book & Lab Manual $37 n/aSURV 1145 None - -

Total $999.25 $952

2 Year Mining Exploration ProgramTerm 1 (of 4)

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Why Textbooks Cost So Much, The Economist, August 16, 2014

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Why textbook prices keep climbing Planet Money, NPR October 3, 2014

Principal/Agent Problem

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“The cardinal lesson is that prices rise unchecked if the people who order the goods aren’t paying the prices.”

The $250 Econ 101 Textbook, Craig Richardson, Wall Street Journal, Jan. 13, 2015

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Drugs and Prescriptions Seth Anderson CC-BY-NC-SA

Start talking about cost

But it is about more than just debt

There are pedagogical implications to high textbook costs

How students battled textbook publishers to a draw, Planet Money, NPR, Oct 9, 2014

How students battled textbook publishers to a draw, Planet Money, NPR, Oct 9, 2014

What is going on here?

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65% students have not purchased a textbook for a course during their academic career because of price

Source: Fixing the Broken Textbook Market U.S. PIRGCover image: Center for Public Interest Research used under CC-BY 4.0 license

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Textbook Costs vs Student Success

Source: 2012 student survey by Florida Virtual CampusSlide: CC-BY Cable Green, Creative Commons via http://www.project-kaleidoscope.org/

60%+ do not purchase books at some point due to book cost

35% take fewer courses due to book cost

31% choose not to register for a course due to book cost

23% regularly go without textbooks due to book cost

14% have dropped a course due to book cost

10% have withdrawn from a course due to book cost

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iPod DRM by *n3wjack's world in pixels used under CC-BY-SA license

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“My textbook is……back-ordered…in the mail…out of stock…the wrong edition…on hold until my student loan arrives…not needed until I decide I want this course”

How often do students start the term without the resources they need?

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Students Get Savvier about Textbook Buying, The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 2013

Emma Anderson, 21Political science, U. of California at Berkeley

“Usually when I don’t buy it, it’s because I’ve found that you actually don’t need it for the class.”

Jennifer Bi, 20Economics, U. of California at Berkeley

“My most expensive class was clinical psych, because she writes the textbook herself, and it has a new edition every semester or something ridiculous. So it was like almost $200. And the thing is that you can’t use the previous edition, because she changes it herself because she knows the textbooks sell well. It’s like so manipulative.”

Marie Efira, 63Anthropology, Foothill College

“I had to take very few classes, because each time the price of the book more than doubles the tuition fee. It took me much longer to get my degree.”

“Learning is a very human activity. The more people feel they are being treated as human beings – that their human needs are being taken into account – the more they are likely to learn, and learn to learn”

Malcom Knowles

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Problems

1. Textbooks are expensive2. Students are not using them3. Students can’t keep them4. Students can fall weeks behind5. Students are taking more time to finish6. Learning is negatively affected

Open textbooks can help

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What are Open Textbooks?

A textbook licensed under an open copyright license, and made available online to be freely used by students, teachers and members of the public.

They are available for free as online and electronic versions, or as low-cost printed versions, should students opt for these.

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What are Open Textbooks?

A textbook licensed under an open copyright license, and made available online to be freely used by students, teachers and members of the public. They are available for free as online versions, and as low-cost printed versions, should students opt for these.

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Where do open textbooks come from?

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The 5 R’s of Open

• Make and own copiesRetain• Use in a wide range of

waysReuse• Adapt, modify, and

improveRevise• Combine two or moreRemix• Share with othersRedistribut

eAdapted (color change) from Open Education: A “Simple” Introduction by David Wiley released under CC-BY license

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Creative Commons logo by Creative Commons used under a CC-BY 3.0 LicenseCC license image from Copyright in Education & Internet in South African Law used under CC-BY 2.5 South Africa license

Faculty have full legal rights to customize & contextualize open textbooks to fit their pedagogical needs

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Results

Year Sections Students Savings

2013 19 593 $59,300 - $87,960

2014 88 2998 $299,800 - $430,672.50

2015 178 5561 $556,100 - $678,029.65

Total 285 9152 $915,200 - $1.196 mil

Beyond Free

Improve Learning

Fischer, L., Iii, J. H., Robinson, T. J., & Wiley, D. A. (2015). A multi-institutional study of the impact of open textbook adoption on the learning outcomes of post-secondary students. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 1–14. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-015-9101-x

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Course completion• OTB Students were as likely or more likely to complete their course• In one course, the completion rate 15% higher for students using open

textbooks.

Grades• Final grades => than those assigned traditional textbooks. • ¼ courses OTB students achieved higher grades

Credit load• OTB students took approx 2 credits more both in the semester of the study and

in the following semester.

Overall success• OTB Students in more than ½ of the courses that used open textbooks did

better according to at least one academic measure used in the study• Students in 93% of these courses did at least as well by all of the measures.

Adapted from College Textbooks: Do You Get What You Pay For by Nicole Allen CC-BY

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11 Peer Reviewed Studies

48,623 Students

93% Same or Better Outcomes

Source: http://openedgroup.org/Credit: adapted from David Wiley CC-BY

The Project

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BC Open Textbook Project

40 free & open textbooks for highest enrolled 1st & 2nd year post-secondary subjects in BC2014 – 20 for skills & training

First province in Canada2014 – AB & SASK MOU

$1 million2014 - $1 million

Visual notes of John Yap announcement, Giulia Forsythe Used under CC-SA license

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The Project

Don’t reinvent it by Andrea Hernandez released under CC-BY-NC-SA and based on Wheel by Pauline Mak released under CC-BY license

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New Creations

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open.campusmanitoba.com

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Faculty Reviews ($250)

291/365 by thebarrowboy used under a CC-BY

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Reviews > Adaptations

My Adventures Adapting a Chemistry Textbook291/365 by thebarrowboy used under a CC-BY

Review Process

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Overview

• $250 per review• 25 reviews from Manitoba• To qualify: teaching in the subject area at an approved Manitoba

institution• Reviews published alongside the book in both Manitoba and BC sites• Reviews done against standard rubric – both qualitative and

quantitative• Reviews are released with a CC-BY-ND (No Derivative) licenses• 3 months to do a review• No print copies of books. Electronic versions.

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Step 1: Apply to review

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Step 1: Apply to review

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Step 1: Apply to review

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Step 1: Apply to review

Instructions & Unique Link

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Step 2: Download and review

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Step 3: Complete your review online

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Step 3: Complete your review online

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Step 4: Display and Payment

• Once submitted, displays 24 hours later on both site• Automatically triggers payment notification to BCcampus• Contacted by BCcampus for mailing address and additional info• Cheques issued and mailed by SFU• 6-8 weeks

Questions?

open.bccampus.ca@clintlalonde @bccampushttp://www.slideshare.net/bccampus