Manifest Destiny, 1810–1853 Westward expansion has political, economic, and social effects on the...

Manifest Destiny, Manifest Destiny, 1810–18531810–1853

Manifest Destiny, 1810–1853Manifest Destiny, 1810–1853

Westward Westward expansion has expansion has political, political, economic, and economic, and social effects on social effects on the development the development of the United of the United States.States.

Mountain Men Open the WestMountain Men Open the West

Mountain men explore Mountain men explore the West while the West while searching for furssearching for furs

They provide knowledge They provide knowledge of West that helps later of West that helps later pioneers move westpioneers move west

Jedediah Smith finds Jedediah Smith finds South Pass that was South Pass that was later used by pioneers later used by pioneers as wagon trail as wagon trail

The Lure of the WestThe Lure of the West

Many use the West to make money and Many use the West to make money and take land from Native Americanstake land from Native Americans

Land speculators buy huge areas of land, Land speculators buy huge areas of land, hope value will increase hope value will increase

If value goes up, speculators divide land If value goes up, speculators divide land into smaller sectionsinto smaller sections

The Lure of the WestThe Lure of the West

Make great profits selling sections to Make great profits selling sections to thousands of settlersthousands of settlers

Manufacturers and merchants soon Manufacturers and merchants soon follow the settlers westfollow the settlers west

They hope to earn money, making, They hope to earn money, making, and selling items farmers needand selling items farmers need

The Santa Fe TrailThe Santa Fe Trail

The Trail to Santa FeThe Trail to Santa Fe

Mexico gains Mexico gains independence (1821) and independence (1821) and opens its borders to opens its borders to American tradersAmerican traders

William Becknell goes to William Becknell goes to Santa Fe, New Mexico, Santa Fe, New Mexico, opens Santa Fe Trail opens Santa Fe Trail

He makes profit trading, He makes profit trading, news spreads, traders can news spreads, traders can get rich in New Mexicoget rich in New Mexico

The Trail to Santa FeThe Trail to Santa Fe

Becknell makes Becknell makes another trip to another trip to Santa Fe, uses a Santa Fe, uses a shortcutshortcut

Soon hundreds of Soon hundreds of traders use same traders use same route from route from Missouri to New Missouri to New MexicoMexico

The Oregon TrailThe Oregon Trail Started in Independence, Missouri and ended in Started in Independence, Missouri and ended in

Portland, Oregon (the Willamette Valley)Portland, Oregon (the Willamette Valley) The route to Oregon followed some of the same paths The route to Oregon followed some of the same paths

that Lewis & Clark had followed decades before.that Lewis & Clark had followed decades before.

Oregon FeverOregon Fever

Hundreds of settlers Hundreds of settlers begin migrating west begin migrating west on the Oregon Trail on the Oregon Trail

First whites to cross to First whites to cross to Oregon are Oregon are missionariesmissionaries

U.S. and Britain argue U.S. and Britain argue over ownership of over ownership of OregonOregon

Oregon FeverOregon Fever

Missionaries report Missionaries report about Oregon’s rich about Oregon’s rich land, attract many land, attract many settlerssettlers

In 1843, nearly In 1843, nearly 1,000 people travel 1,000 people travel from Missouri to from Missouri to OregonOregon

The Mormon TrailThe Mormon Trail


Mormons—members Mormons—members of Church of Jesus of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Christ of Latter-Day SaintsSaints

People fought against People fought against the Mormons because:the Mormons because: Beliefs are different Beliefs are different

from traditional from traditional Christianity Christianity

Practice polygamyPractice polygamy Vote in blocksVote in blocks Opposition to slaveryOpposition to slavery


Mob kills Mormon leader Mob kills Mormon leader Joseph Smith, Mormons Joseph Smith, Mormons decide to leave U.S.decide to leave U.S.

Next leader, Brigham Next leader, Brigham Young, leads 1,600 Young, leads 1,600 Mormons to Utah (1847) Mormons to Utah (1847)

Build settlement by the Build settlement by the Great Salt LakeGreat Salt Lake

Americans Support Manifest Americans Support Manifest Destiny Destiny

West occupied by Native West occupied by Native Americans and MexicansAmericans and Mexicans

Americans view West as Americans view West as unoccupied, many want to unoccupied, many want to settle in regionsettle in region

Manifest Destiny—U.S. Manifest Destiny—U.S. expansion from Atlantic to expansion from Atlantic to the Pacific is sure to the Pacific is sure to happenhappen

Americans Support Manifest Americans Support Manifest Destiny Destiny

Manifest destiny Manifest destiny becomes U.S. becomes U.S. policy under policy under President James President James K. PolkK. Polk

U.S. and Britain U.S. and Britain divide Oregon divide Oregon territory at 49th territory at 49th parallel (1846) parallel (1846)

Troubles with MexicoTroubles with Mexico

U.S. Congress admits U.S. Congress admits Texas as slave state Texas as slave state (1846) this angers Mexico(1846) this angers Mexico

Texas and Mexico do not Texas and Mexico do not agree on official border, agree on official border, U.S. diplomacy failsU.S. diplomacy fails

General Zachary Taylor General Zachary Taylor stations U.S. troops in stations U.S. troops in disputed regiondisputed region

Troubles with MexicoTroubles with Mexico

Action viewed by Mexico Action viewed by Mexico as an act of war, Mexico as an act of war, Mexico attacks U.S. patrolattacks U.S. patrol

Congress declares war Congress declares war on Mexico, some on Mexico, some Americans are against Americans are against warwar

Southerners want to Southerners want to extend slavery into extend slavery into Texas, Northerners do Texas, Northerners do notnot

The Invasion of MexicoThe Invasion of Mexico

General Zachary General Zachary Taylor leads U.S. Taylor leads U.S. troops into Mexico troops into Mexico from Texasfrom Texas

Fights Santa Anna Fights Santa Anna and Mexican troops at and Mexican troops at Buena Vista, the Buena Vista, the Mexican troops Mexican troops retreatretreat

The Invasion of MexicoThe Invasion of Mexico

General Winfield General Winfield Scott and U.S. Scott and U.S. troops land in troops land in Veracruz, MexicoVeracruz, Mexico

They head inland They head inland to Mexico City, to Mexico City, fight Mexican fight Mexican troops, and capture troops, and capture Mexico City Mexico City

The Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession

War ends with the War ends with the Treaty of Guadalupe Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)Hidalgo (1848)

Mexico recognizes Mexico recognizes Texas as a part of Texas as a part of the U.S. and the Rio the U.S. and the Rio Grande as Grande as Mexican/U.S. borderMexican/U.S. border


Mexico gives up Mexico gives up vast region known vast region known as the Mexican as the Mexican Cession:Cession: amounts to almost amounts to almost

one-half of Mexicoone-half of Mexico U.S. pays Mexico U.S. pays Mexico

$15 million for $15 million for regionregion


Mexicans in U.S. Mexicans in U.S. become a become a minority and minority and contribute to contribute to American cultureAmerican culture

““From Sea to Shining Sea”From Sea to Shining Sea”

Mexico sells land to Mexico sells land to U.S., the Gadsden U.S., the Gadsden Purchase (1853):Purchase (1853): costs U.S. $10 costs U.S. $10

millionmillion includes southern includes southern

New Mexico and New Mexico and ArizonaArizona

““From Sea to Shining Sea”From Sea to Shining Sea”

In 1848, the U.S. In 1848, the U.S. extends from the extends from the Atlantic to the Atlantic to the Pacific Pacific

President Polk President Polk learns gold was learns gold was found in found in CaliforniaCalifornia

California Before the RushCalifornia Before the Rush

Before gold rush, Before gold rush, California is populated by California is populated by Native Americans and Native Americans and CaliforniosCalifornios

Californios—California Californios—California settlers of Spanish or settlers of Spanish or Mexican descentMexican descent

Most live on huge cattle Most live on huge cattle ranches ranches

Rush for GoldRush for Gold

News of gold News of gold discovery spreads discovery spreads rapidly and starts rapidly and starts California gold rushCalifornia gold rush

Gold rush occurs Gold rush occurs when many people when many people move to where gold move to where gold has been foundhas been found

Rush for GoldRush for Gold

Thousands of gold seekers Thousands of gold seekers set out to California using set out to California using one of 3 routes:one of 3 routes: sail around South America sail around South America

and up Pacific coastand up Pacific coast sail to Isthmus of Panama, sail to Isthmus of Panama,

crossover, then sail to crossover, then sail to CaliforniaCalifornia

travel overland across travel overland across North AmericaNorth America

Life in the Mining CampsLife in the Mining Camps

Forty-niners—people Forty-niners—people who go to California who go to California to find gold, starting to find gold, starting 18491849

Often live in camps Often live in camps with colorful names with colorful names like Coyote Diggings, like Coyote Diggings, or Hangtownor Hangtown

Life in the Mining CampsLife in the Mining Camps

Camp life is Camp life is dangerous and the dangerous and the mining is hard work, mining is hard work, few find much goldfew find much gold

Miners pay high Miners pay high prices for supplies prices for supplies and con artists and con artists swindle minersswindle miners

The Impact of the Gold RushThe Impact of the Gold Rush

During gold rush 250,000 During gold rush 250,000 people flood into California people flood into California and it is over by 1852and it is over by 1852

San Francisco becomes San Francisco becomes center for banking, center for banking, shipping, and trade shipping, and trade

Gold rush ruins many Gold rush ruins many Californios, Americans Californios, Americans seize their propertyseize their property


Thousands of Native Thousands of Native Americans die from Americans die from diseases brought by minersdiseases brought by miners

Thousands of Native Thousands of Native Americans were killedAmericans were killed

Due to gold rush, California Due to gold rush, California has enough people to apply has enough people to apply for statehoodfor statehood

California is admitted as free California is admitted as free state in 1850state in 1850


Outlaws slavery but Outlaws slavery but does not grant African does not grant African Americans right to vote Americans right to vote

Southerners fear Southerners fear California will upset California will upset the balance between the balance between slave and free statesslave and free states

Conflict over issue Conflict over issue threatens survival of threatens survival of the Unionthe Union

Chinese men came to Chinese men came to American to American to find jobs building find jobs building

railroadsrailroads to get rich finding gold to get rich finding gold

in Californiain California to find work as to find work as

agricultural harvesters.agricultural harvesters.

Chinese AmericansChinese Americans

Many immigrants coming into the US were Many immigrants coming into the US were detained for weeks and sometimes months detained for weeks and sometimes months before being granted entry. before being granted entry.


The first group of people to be legally The first group of people to be legally excluded from entering the US were the excluded from entering the US were the Chinese.Chinese.


The Transcontinental The Transcontinental RailroadRailroad

•At the end of the Civil War railroad tracks still stopped at the Missouri River.

•Men had dreamed of building a line from coast to coast.


•The Transcontinental Railroad, when built, was 1,775 miles from Omaha, NE to Sacramento, CA.


A path would have to be cut through:

•Mountains higher than any railroad-builder had ever faced

•Span deserts where there was no water anywhere

•Cross treeless prairies where anxious and defiant Indians would resist their passage.


•In 1862, Congress gave charters to two companies to build these tracks.

•The Central Pacific was to push eastward from Sacramento, over the Sierra Nevada mountains.

•The Union Pacific was to start from Omaha Nebraska, cross the great plains and cut through the Rockies.


•The Union Pacific and Central Pacific were locked in a race to see who could lay the most track to get the most land and money.


Stanford Huntington Hopkins Crocker

The Central Pacific Railroad made these four investors some of the wealthiest men in America.


•Finally, on May 10, 1869, The Central Pacific Railroad and Union Pacific Railroad met at Promontory Summit, Utah.

Manifest Destiny, 1810–1853 Westward expansion has political, economic, and social effects on the...

Documents

Transcript of Manifest Destiny, 1810–1853 Westward expansion has political, economic, and social effects on the...