Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.
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Transcript of Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.
Mangrove Mangrove SwampsSwamps
Aquatic Biology and the Aquatic Biology and the EnvironmentEnvironment
20012001
ContentsContents
What is a Mangrove Swamp?
Physiology
Coping with Salt.
Ickle Baby Mangrove Trees.
Where are they found?
Inhabitants.
Threats to Mangrove Swamps
Why Bother to Save Mangrove Swamps?
Benefits of Mangrove Swamps.
Future.
Further Reading and Web-sites to Visit
What is a Mangrove What is a Mangrove Swamp?Swamp?
A collection of specialist A collection of specialist shrubs and trees that shrubs and trees that grow along coastal areas grow along coastal areas and estuaries in tropical and estuaries in tropical and subtropical regions.and subtropical regions.
Mangrove PhysiologyMangrove Physiology
Over 50 species of Over 50 species of MangroveMangrove
Grow up to 40 ft (12 Grow up to 40 ft (12 m) high.m) high.
Up to 1,500 ft Up to 1,500 ft (457m) in (457m) in circumference.circumference.
Roots take in air Roots take in air through pores at through pores at low tide.low tide.
Coping with saltCoping with salt
Mangroves grow better in Mangroves grow better in freshwater but are out-competed freshwater but are out-competed by better adapted plants.by better adapted plants.
Salt is dealt with by:-Salt is dealt with by:- blocking its absorption at the roots; orblocking its absorption at the roots; or
Excreting it through the leaves; orExcreting it through the leaves; or
depositing in old leaves that will be depositing in old leaves that will be
shed soon.shed soon.
Ickle Baby MangrovesIckle Baby Mangroves Seeds start sprouting on Seeds start sprouting on
the tree.the tree. Green shoots allow the Green shoots allow the
seedling to seedling to photosynthesize and photosynthesize and survive at sea for several survive at sea for several months.months.
When the seedling floats When the seedling floats into brackish water the into brackish water the decreased buoyancy decreased buoyancy floats the seedling floats the seedling vertically and it sticks in vertically and it sticks in the soft sediment.the soft sediment.
Where are they found?Where are they found?(Mangrove Swamps marked in Red)(Mangrove Swamps marked in Red)
InhabitantsInhabitants
Blue Crabs Ibis
More InhabitantsMore Inhabitants
Fiddler CrabFiddler Crab Soldier Crabs Soldier Crabs
Yet More InhabitantsYet More Inhabitants
MudskippersMudskippers Commonly found in Commonly found in
Mangrove Swamps.Mangrove Swamps. Absorb oxygen Absorb oxygen
through their skin, through their skin, but particularly but particularly their tail.their tail.
Live in water-filled Live in water-filled burrows.burrows.
ThreatsThreatsHuman:Human:
High Population DensityHigh Population Density
Encroaching DevelopmentEncroaching Development
Pollution from AgriculturePollution from Agriculture
Encroachment of AgricultureEncroachment of Agriculture
AquacultureAquaculture
Natural ThreatsNatural Threats
Wind and Waves from HurricanesWind and Waves from Hurricanes
Threats from HumansThreats from Humans
Approximately half of the world’s Approximately half of the world’s mangrove swamps have been mangrove swamps have been cleared, drained, diked, or filled.cleared, drained, diked, or filled.
High population density near the High population density near the coasts. At least half the people in coasts. At least half the people in the world are estimated to live the world are estimated to live within 100 kilometers of a coast.within 100 kilometers of a coast.
Threats from AgricultureThreats from Agriculture
Nitrogen pollution increases the Nitrogen pollution increases the production of phytoplankton, production of phytoplankton, clouding the water and preventing clouding the water and preventing other plants from growing.other plants from growing.
Replacement of Mangrove swamps Replacement of Mangrove swamps with agriculture.with agriculture.
Threats from AquacultureThreats from Aquaculture
Destruction of Destruction of SwampsSwamps
Introduction of Introduction of Exotic species and Exotic species and pathogenspathogens
Pollution from Pollution from Foodstuffs Foodstuffs (antibiotics, etc)(antibiotics, etc)
Feed for shrimps Feed for shrimps also reduces ocean also reduces ocean fish stocks.fish stocks.
Shrimp Farm in ThailandShrimp Farm in Thailand
Why Bother to Save Why Bother to Save Mangrove Swamps?Mangrove Swamps?
Mangrove swamps Mangrove swamps
provide a unique habitat provide a unique habitat
for:for: Birds, Brown Pelicans, Birds, Brown Pelicans,
Roseate Spoonbills, Ibis etc.Roseate Spoonbills, Ibis etc. Mammals, Mantee, Mammals, Mantee,
Monkeys, Guenons etc.Monkeys, Guenons etc. Crustacea, Blue Crab, Crustacea, Blue Crab,
Fiddler Crab, etc.Fiddler Crab, etc. Fish, Red Snapper, Archer Fish, Red Snapper, Archer
Fish, Puffer Fish, Sea Fish, Puffer Fish, Sea Catfish, etc.Catfish, etc.
Benefits of Mangrove Benefits of Mangrove SwampsSwamps
Provide a breeding Provide a breeding habitat habitat
Provide protection Provide protection for maturing youngfor maturing young
Trap and cycle Trap and cycle nutrients providing nutrients providing nutrients for the nutrients for the diverse organisms.diverse organisms.
Mudflat of a Mangrove Swamp
More Benefits to Mangrove More Benefits to Mangrove SwampsSwamps
Roots of Mangrove trees filter and assimilate Roots of Mangrove trees filter and assimilate pollutantspollutants
Prop roots stabilize substrate.Prop roots stabilize substrate. Protect coast from erosion from wind and waves.Protect coast from erosion from wind and waves.
The FutureThe Future
Replenishment Replenishment programs are programs are now being now being implemented.implemented.
Sustainable Sustainable aquaculture is aquaculture is being sought.being sought.
Pollution is being Pollution is being controlled.controlled.
Further ReadingFurther Reading http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.govhttp://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov http://www.enn.com (Environmental News Network)http://www.enn.com (Environmental News Network) Comptons Reference Encyclopedia, 1996, The Learning Comptons Reference Encyclopedia, 1996, The Learning
CompanyCompany http://www.habitatmedia.orghttp://www.habitatmedia.org Naylor, Rosamond et al. Effect of Aquaculture on World Naylor, Rosamond et al. Effect of Aquaculture on World
Fish Supplies, Nature, 405, 1017-1024, June 2000Fish Supplies, Nature, 405, 1017-1024, June 2000 http://www.aquaria.se/emang.htmlhttp://www.aquaria.se/emang.html http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/armstrong/bigtree/http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/armstrong/bigtree/
mangroves/mangrove.htmmangroves/mangrove.htm http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/armstrong/bigtree/http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/armstrong/bigtree/
mangroves.htmmangroves.htm