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World History 2017Mr. Giglio

KEY DYNASTIC CONCEPTS

• Mandate of Heaven

• Dynastic Cycle

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XIA DYNASTY• 1st of the Chinese dynasties

• Span: 2,100 BC to 1,600 BC

• Established by Yu “the Great”

• Few written records

• First two adhere to policy of Dynastic Secession• Abdication System: future emperors

chosen based on their abilities.• THINK: Why is this unique?

SHANG DYNASTY• succeeded the Xia Dynasty

• Real 1st dynasty?

• Span: 1600 BC -1046 BC• 30 different emperors

• Established by Cheng Tang

• Records come from texts such as the Book of Documents, Bamboo Annals and Records of the Grand Historian.

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SUCCESSES OF THE SHANG DYNASTY• Numerous cultural advances

• industrialized bronze casting• Calendar (365 days/year)• Writing• Musical Instruments Musical instruments (drums, cymbals,

bells, chimes, and bone flutes)• Wheels/Chariots

• Shang were skilled workers in bone, jade, ceramics, stone, wood, shells, and bronze

• Permanent settlements

• Complex irrigation system and flood control.

• Walled Cities

Majority

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ZHOU DYNASTY• Succeeded the Shang Dynasty

• Span: 1046 BC – 256 BC

• Longest-lasting dynasty

• History is divided in 2 periods: • Western Zhou (1046-771 BC) and

Eastern Zhou (770-256 BC)

• Established by Wuwang

• Battle of Muye

• never a wholly unified realm• Feudalism

SUCCESSES OF THE ZHOU DYNASTY• Time of intellectual and artistic awakening

• most influential minds in Chinese intellectual tradition flourished: Laozi, Confucius, Mencius and Mozi

• Economic growth• Use of money• Expanding commerce• Iron

• Population growth

• Military advancement• the Art of War by Sun Tzu

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QIN (CHIN) DYNASTY• Succeeded the Zhou Dynasty

• Warring States period (426-221 BCE)

• Span: 221 BC -206 BC• Brief but important

• Name "China" is derived from the name Qin.

• Founded by Qin Shi Huang

• Han Feizi and Legalism

• Bureaucratic government• 36 provinces

HAN DYNASTY• Succeeded the Qin Dynasty

• Span: 206 BC -220 AD

• Considered a golden age in in arts, politics and technology.

• Liu Bang: first emperor

• Chang’an was the capital• Became the political, economic,

military, and cultural center of China

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SUCCESSES OF THE HAN DYNASTY

TANG DYNASTY• Span: 618-907 AD

• regularly cited as the greatest imperial dynasty• “Golden age” of reform and cultural

advancement

• Tai-tsung and Xuanzong: most notable emperors

• Civil service exams were used to recruit gov’t officials

• Professional Army

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TANG DYNASTY• Many of the most impressive inventions & advancements in

Chinese history come from the Tang Dynasty.• Gunpowder• air conditioning• gas stoves• Printing• Clocks

• Religious tolerance allowed diverse religions (Christianity and Buddhism) to be practiced

• 50,000+ literary works produced

• books became available which led to greater literacy and better jobs for the lower classes

• Public libraries were built

SONG DYNASTY• Span: 960 AD to 1279 AD

• founded by Zhao Kuang-yin (Emperor Taizu)

• Centralized government staffed with civilian officials

• Rise of cities• Hangzhou 400,000+ inhabitants by 1200

• larger than any European city

• Paper money and a unified tax system

• Mercantile Class

• Chinese industrial boom

• first permanent Chinese standing navy

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MING DYNASTY• One of China’s last great dynasties

• Span: 1368 AD to 1644 AD

• founded by Zhu Yuanzhang

• Capital was Beijing

• One of the most stable but most autocraticdynasties• Emperor led• Strong central government• Civil Service system perfected

• Constant clashes with Monguls

• Market economy with lots of outside trade

MING DYNASTY – THE GREAT WALL

• Construction began during Qin rule

• Majority built during Ming rule

• Built to protect against outside invasion

• 5,500.3 miles in length

• Early parts were built using rammed earth, stones, and wood

• Ming’s used bricks

• "This mighty wall… makes a considerable figure upon the terrestrial globe, and may be discerned at the Moon.”

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MING DYNASTY – FORBIDDEN CITY

• Located in the center of Beijing

• Served as the home of emperors and their households

• the complex consists of 980 buildings and covers over 180 acres.

• Home of 24 emperors (14 of the Ming dynasty and 10 of the Qing dynasty)

• Forbidden City ceased being the political center of China in 1912

QING DYNASTY• Last great dynastic empire

• Span: 1644 AD to 1912 AD

• founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria

• overthrown following the Xinhai Revolution (Revolution of 1911) led by Sun Yat-sen

• Emperor served as absolute ruler

• Opium Wars

• Taiping Rebellion

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