Mandala Doctrine

Germany

(Early World War I)

Contents

• What is Mandala?

• Map of Germany (Mandala Doctrine applied)

• Causes of World War I

• Alliances

• Arguments Supporting Mandala

Mandala Doctrine

• Mandala etymologically means “circle” in Sanskrit

• It appears in all aspects of life: the celestial circles we call earth, sun and moon as well as conceptual circles of friends, family and community

State

Natural Enemy

Natural Friend

Proximate Enemy

Proximate FriendRemote Enemy

Remote Friend

Causes of World War I

• Fighting of Austria-Hungary and Serbia

• Germany’s Imperialism – competed against France and Great Britain for territories in Africa

• Extreme nationalism led European nations to compete for the largest army and navy, or for the greatest industrial development

• Balkans – Pan-Slavism movement against Turkey

Alliances• A system of military alliances gave European

powers a sense of security before World War 1• They formed these alliances with each other for

protection and guarantee that other members of the alliance would come to the country's aid if attacked

• Alliances could force a country to go to war against a nation it had no quarrel with

• Secrecy also increased the chances that a county might guess wrong about the consequences of its actions.

Alliances

• Triple Alliance – Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary all agreed to go against Russia

• Three Emperors League by Bismarck in 1881 – Austria-Hungary, Germany and Russia

• Dual Alliance – Germany and Austria-Hungary

• Triple Entente – France, Britain and Russia

Alliances

• Germany• Austria• Italy• Turkey• Greece• Montenegro• Romania• Albania

• England• France• Russia – Serbia• Japan

Neutral:

Belgium and Portugal

3 Arguments Supporting Mandala

• Territorial Dispute– Since they are beside each other, borders are

not clearly drawn (E.g. Poland and Germany)– Competition among various European countries

for colonies– The larger country wants to colonize the smaller

country beside them

• Economic Resources– They share common and uncommon raw

material sources– More powerful countries benefit the natural

resources of less powerful countries– Since borders are not clear, they compete for

common resources

3 Arguments Supporting Mandala

• Nationalism– Rise of Nationalism in Europe– Assassination of Austrian crown prince by a

Servian nationalist– Military build-up pursued by parties of both

alliances– Competing navy and military power– Too much belief in your own country– Concern only for one’s own country

3 Arguments Supporting Mandala

Reported by Group 2• Leader: Anafe Abad• Secretary: Giselle Batalia• Members:

– Michelle Rio– Destiny Reyes– David Mordeno– Belo Lumadilla– Prinz Bautista– Bethany Cledera

3-PHLPHL 210

Dr. Co