Managing Tutor Week 3
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Transcript of Managing Tutor Week 3
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TUTORIAL WEEK 3
Choose the classroom management orientation which you like to use in your ESL classroom. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the approach with your partner.
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FOUR-QUADRANT MATRIX OF MANAGEMENT STYLE ORIENTATION AND PRACTICE:
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Questions Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism Connectivism
How does learning occur?
Black box - observable behavior main focus
Structured, computational
Social, meaning created by each learner (personal)
Distributed within a network, social, technologically enhanced, recognizing and interpreting patterns
What factors influence learning?
Nature of reward, punishment, stimuli
Existing schema, previous experiences
Engagement, participation, social, cultural
Diversity of network
What is the role of memory?
Memory is hardwiring of repeated experiences - where reward and punishment are most influential
Encoding, storage, retrieval
Prior knowledge remixed to current context
Adaptive patterns, representative of current state, existing in networks
How does transfer occur?
Stimulus, response Duplicating knowledge constructs of "knower"
Socialization Connecting to (adding nodes)
What types of learning are best explained by this theory?
Task-based learning Reasoning, clear objectives, problem solving
Social, vague ("ill defined")
Complex learning, rapid changing core, diverse knowledge sources
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Classroom Management
This presentation will focus on the application of principles from behavioral psychology, especially the application of consequences to modify behavior.
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Behavioristic Approach
There are 3 major categories of actions to take in establishing a behaviorally-oriented classroom management program:
• Structuring/Selecting and Arranging Activities
• Monitor Student Behavior
• Reinforce Positive Behavior/ Redirect Inappropriate Behavior
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Behavioristic Approach
Structuring/Selecting and Arranging Activities
Establish rules and procedures early
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Establishing Rules
General Recommendations
Select 4 or 5 rules that you will use to set guidelines and limits for behavior in your classroom.
State the rules in terms of positive expectations of behavior you want to see. Be careful about stating rules in the form of "Don't.”
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Establishing Rules
General Recommendations
Think about specific examples of behavior that would demonstrate each rule.
Post the rules in your classroom.
Teach the rules just as you would academic content using the discussed previously.
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Establishing Rules
Sample Rules For The Elementary Level
Be polite and helpful.
Take care of your school.
Behave in the cafeteria.
Do not hit, shove or hurt others.
Keep the bathroom clean.
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Establishing Rules
Sample Rules For The Secondary Level
Bring all needed materials to class.
Be in your seat and ready to work when the bell rings.
Obtain permission before speaking or leaving your seat.
Respect and be polite to all people.
Respect other people's property.
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Establishing Rules
Rules Our Family Uses At Home
I will do what I am asked to do without an argument.
I will be kind and respectful to my parents and other family members.
I will ask permission and accept the decision without getting angry.
I will remain calm when I feel angry and talk about how I feel.
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Behavioristic Approach
Structuring/Selecting and Arranging Activities
Establish rules and procedures early Establish consequences
1. reinforcers (Premack principle)2. punishers
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Establishing Consequences
Consequences are environmental stimuli that increase or decrease the probability that a behavior will occur again.
Rewards and punishers should be selected that match the significance or meaningfulness of the exhibited action.
We want to establish consequences that will either reinforce or redirect behavior.
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Establishing Consequences
Level of Significance
Reward Penalty
Mild
Smile
Compliment
Cheery note on assignment
Small amount of tokens traded for small reward
Eye contact
Have student state rule broken
Change seats
Isolation
Confiscation of forbidden objects or notes
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Establishing Consequences
Level of Significance
Reward Penalty
Moderate
Posting good work
Positive note to parents
Special privileges
Staying after school
Loss of privileges
Call to parents
Isolation in special room
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Establishing Consequences
Level of Significance
Reward Penalty
Extensive
Field trips
Recognition at award's banquet
Write up in newspaper
Trip to principal's office
Loss of special class event (e.g., field trip)
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Establishing Consequences
The most important aspect of delivering consequences is the consistency of delivery.
Especially in terms of punishers, any inconsistency might actually increase rather than decrease the probability that the behavior will occur again.
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Behavioristic Approach
Structuring/Selecting and Arranging Activities
Establish rules and procedures early
Establish method of delivering reinforcers
1. Token reinforcement programs
2. Contingency contract programs
Establish consequences
1. reinforcers (Premack principle)2. punishers
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Behavioristic Approach
Structuring/Selecting and Arranging Activities
State expectations clearly
Focus on positive expectations
Practice "positive" behavior
Establish group cohesiveness and responsibility
Establish cues
Model appropriate behavior
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Behavioristic Approach
Monitor Student Behavior
• Physical layout: ability to see all students
• Teacher movement: move around the room
• Group focus: keep students involved
• Overlapping: ability to supervise several activities at once
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Behavioristic Approach
Monitor Student Behavior
• Withitness: communicate to students you are aware of what's happening
• Pacing/movement management: keep lessons and students moving
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Behavioristic Approach
Reinforce Positive Behavior/ Redirect Inappropriate Behavior
• Anticipate occurrence of positive and inappropriate behavior
• Provide specific feedback regarding behavior and expectations• Focus on positive behavior; teacher attention to inappropriate behavior can be reinforcing
• Hold students accountable
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Behavioristic Approach
Reinforce Positive Behavior/ Redirect Inappropriate Behavior
• Effective praise will:
1. be contingent on display of positive behavior
2. specify clearly the behaviors being reinforced
3. be believable by the student
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Behavioristic Approach
Reinforce Positive Behavior/ Redirect Inappropriate Behavior
• Methods of coping with inappropriate behavior:
1. Negative reinforcement
2. Satiation
3. Punishment
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Behavioristic Approach
While there are viable alternatives to the behavioristic approach to classroom management, it is clearly the most often used in public schools today.
Remember that the long-term goal of any classroom management program is self-management.
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Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the approach with your partner.
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STRENGTH
Reward reinforcements can strengthen behaviors or increase the behavior
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WEAKNESSES
1. Focus on behaviors that can be observed only
2. May disrupts student thoughts and feelings
3. Operant conditioning is the fact that is does not always work. Students could be pretending they have stopped the behavior just to receive the reward.