Managing the co-existence of conventional and genetically modified maize from field to silo
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Transcript of Managing the co-existence of conventional and genetically modified maize from field to silo
Managing the co-existence of conventional and genetically modified maize from field to
silo
A French initiative
Pascal COQUIN
AGPM23-25, avenue de Neuilly75116 PARIS, France
• The maize organisation since 1934
150 000 maize growers
• Maize in France : 1,5 million ha of grain maize1,4 million ha of silage maize25 000 ha of sweet corn48 000 ha of seed maize
The A.G.P.M. : French Corn Growers Association
An economic mission and trade-union
A lobbying mission at national and international levels
2 main missions
A.G.P.M. position on the G.M. maize
Maize growers must have the possibility to get all the production inputs adapted to their farm, the way of production and the markets they choosed : conventional, organic or G.M..
The G.M. technology is subordinated to precise and rigorous authorization ’s procedures conducted by scientific, lawful and political authorities
on the G.M. event by the E.F.S.A. and the national
food safety agencies
on the G.M. varieties by the national Agencies in charge of the variety registration
A.G.P.M. position on the G.M. maize
The G.M. varieties have assets : - on a technical view
development of European Corn Borer + Stem Corn Borer
News pests (Corn Root worm) problem of mycotoxins
- on a environmental view reduced and reasoned use of the plant protection products
- on an economic view protection of the yield
better competitivity real markets for G.M. maize
Brief regulatory situation
European level : one of the most strong regulation in the World release into the environment, traceability, labelling, post market control.
By directive 2001/18 following 90/220 Regulations 1829/2003, 1830/2003, 65/2004, 641/2004
3 GM maize events authorised for culture5 GM maize events authorised only for import andconsumption
Brief regulatory situation
French level : - authorisation to grow the 3 GM maize events …
in authorised varieties
- coexistence rules : not yet at official level …but professional rules are used
• 1997 - 1998 :15 Bt maize varieties authorised in France
• 1998 :between 1 800 and 3 000 ha cultivated
• 1999 2004 :
- No commercial production, no market
- Few studies on co-existence and benefits
- EU rules (0,9 % for labelling)
- P.O.E.C.B. : defining professional rules
Bt maize production in FranceBackground
2002 – 2004 Results
Operational Programme for Evaluation of Biotechnology Crops (POECB)
an experiment to examine traceability of GM maize crops under controlled natural conditions from field to silo
Result: an analysis of the conditions governing co-existence between conventional and GM maize
based on the specificity of each crop
a programme conducted by a Scientific Committee made up of experts from research and industrial organisations
Project background
Feasability study of coexistence between conventional and GM maize crops in real field conditions
– thematic “pollen dispersal”– thematic “traceability”
Analysing benefits of maize tolerant to ECB and sesamia (Bt technology) and providing platforms for biovigilance studies
– thematic “biovigilance”
Obtaining operational scientific information on crop traceability and economics from field to storage
– thematic “co-existence management”
Three programme objectives :
POECB : A three-year experiment
• Identical crop configuration:
0,5 to 2,5 ha of Bt maize surrounded by isogenic maize
• Worst-case scenario conditions to obtain maximum cross-fertilization
– Bt maize and conventional maize are isogenic– Synchronous pollen emission– Conventional maize is sowed downwind of the Bt
emitter crop
Results at the field level(case of representative plots)
Prevailing wind direction
=0.5% GM DNA
100 m
200 m
Bt maize
Conventional maize
200 m
<0.1% GM DNA
<0.1% GM DNA
<0.1% GM DNA
< 0.1% GM DNA
= 0.2% GM DNA
= 0.15% GM DNA
100 m
200 m
Bt maize
Conventional maize < 0.1% GM DNA
200 m
< 0.1% GM DNACross-pollination levels in the conventional field identical in size to the Bt plot, and sowed downwind, are less than 0.9 %.
LQ = 0.1%LD = 0.01%
Setting up a Quality Management System with traceability procedures at each step of the maize chain
• sowing• harvest• transport• drying• storage
A controlled harvestHarvest is planned after sampling analysis to measure the cross pollination rate,Checks on maize harvester, trucks and transport
Drying and storagePCR analysis of maize batches
Traceability from field to storage
Sowing
Flowering
Pre-harvest
Harvest Dryer
Transport/storage
Seed purity analysis and seed
drill checkl
Pollen dispersal
evaluation
Sampling strategy &
PCR analysis for harvest plan
Harvester check
Control procedures & PCR analysis
Transport
Trailers control
procedures
Trailers control
procedures
Analysis and controls along the maize chain to better identify contamination, …
… to control critical factors and ensure traceability
From seed … to feed industryHow to ensure traceability?
Control procedures
Feed industry
Trials designed to assist the maize sector
Gathering scientific data
From POECB … to PACB
• 16 maize producers
• 100 ha of Bt maize
• 7 regions in France
• GM plots from 1 to 25 ha
Utilisation of the scientific information gathered by POECB with a Good Practice Guide for GMO cropping, safeguarding the specificity of each type of production.
PACB
Programme d’Accompagnement des Cultures issues des Biotechnologies
PACB
Programme d’Accompagnement des Cultures issues des Biotechnologies
Co-existence guidelines
Dissemination of technological information
PACB
Programme d’Accompagnement des Cultures issues des Biotechnologies
PACB
Programme d’Accompagnement des Cultures issues des Biotechnologies
• Information
• Buffer zone (10 m border strip)
• Cleaning of equipment
• Quality Management System
A basis for co-existence legislation in France
Professional standard guidelines
Benefit n°1 : yield protection
Economical risk : larvae number > 0,8/plt
35%
20%
25%
20%Low risk
low attack
Economicalrisk
Direct interest
Between 300 000 to 700 000 ha
Grain maize production concerned
Benefit n°1 : yield protectionEconomical interest for the farmer
• Yield protection level (on average) : 7 % = 70 €
• Cost of an insecticide treatment : 50 €
• Cost of the technology : 40 to 50 €
• Level of efficiency :
• Insecticide = 75 %
• Bt ~ 100 %
Benefit n°1 : yield protectionAverage situation
Type 1 Tr. 2 Tr. Bt
Yield (t) 10 10 10,7
Cost (€) 50 100 45
Gain (€) * Bt/other
+ 75 + 125 -
* Price basis : 100 €/t
1<Larvae number/plt<2
Benefit n°2 : grain quality
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
BT1 C1 BT2 C2 BT3 C3
Fumonisines B1
Fumonisines B2
(ppb)
3 examples (2005)
Benefit 3 : Reduce the impact on environmentNon-targeted insects population evolution
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
5-ju
in
12-ju
in
19-ju
in
26-ju
in
3-ju
il
10-ju
il
17-ju
il
24-ju
il
31-ju
il
7-ao
ût
14-a
oût
21-a
oût
28-a
oût
4-se
pt
11-s
ept
18-s
ept
25-s
ept
2-oc
t
Dates
Bt maize
Isogenic spraid
Isogenic
Spraying 9/07
Arvalis, 2002
Tomorrow : crop perspectives
• 2006 vs 2005 : Bt maize development confirmation within the European Union :
- Czech Republic 1 200 ha (x 5),
- Germany 1 000 ha (x 4),
- France 5 200 ha (x 10),
- Portugal 1 250 ha (+ 50 %),
- Spain 65 000 ha (+ 25 %),
• 2007 and after : increase of Bt maize area based on 2006 technical results
Thank you for your attention