Managing Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in Michigan …...2 MANAGING BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG IN...

DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGY, KEY CHARACTERISTICS

Distribution of BMSB in MichiganBrownmarmorated stink bug (BMSB),Halyomorpha halys, is a tree-lovingpestnativetoAsia.ItwasfirstdetectedintheU.S.mainlandinPennsylvaniain1996.By2006,itwascausingmajordamagetoappleandpeachcropsinthemid-Atlanticregion.ThefirstMichigandetectionwasinBerrienCountyin2010,followedseveralyearslaterbythestartof reports of suspected BMSB fruit damage. Nuisance reports fromseveral thousandMichigan residents as of Spring 2016 indicate thatBMSB populations are well-established in the southern LowerPeninsula.BMSBhasbeenreportedinallbutfourMichiganCounties.

Key features Adult BMSB (Fig. 1) are ½ inchlong by 5/8 inch wide, with abandedpatternalong themarginoftheirabdomenandbandingontheirantennaeandlegs;theyalsohave smooth shoulders ratherthan toothed like some of ournativespecies.Eggsaregreenish-whiteincolorandlaidinaclusterofupto28eggsontheundersideofaleafofapreferredhost.Therearefivenymphalstages.Thefirstnymphal stage is black and red.Theotherfournymphalstagesarebrownliketheadult(Fig.2).

Fig. 1. Key identifying features of brown marmorated stink bug adults include a banded pattern along the abdomen and antennae with smooth, rounded shoulders.

KEY POINTS:

• Adult BMSB hibernate in manmade structures, woodlots; they are a nuisance pest in many MI homes.

• One generation is expected per season in Michigan.

• Each BMSB female lays eggs in clusters on the underside of leaves of host plants.

• Adults and nymphs cause fruit damage when they feed, but the damage may only become apparent weeks later or after fruit are brought out of storage.

• Peaches are attractive at any stage when fruit is present.

• Apples become attractive mid-season; feeding damage close to harvest can be mistaken for bitter pit.

• Use on-farm monitoring to assess BMSB populations and when to begin management.

• Fruit can be protected from damage with effective registered insecticides.

• Target insecticide applications at the tops of trees and orchard edges.

JuliannaWilson1,LarryGut1,MichaelHaas2,MatthewGrieshop1,KristinPoley1,WilliamShane31.DepartmentofEntomology,2.TrevorNicholsResearchCenter,

3.SouthwestMichiganResearchandExtensionCenterMICHIGANSTATEUNIVERSITY

LastupdatedJuly2018

Managing Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in Michigan Orchards

Fig. 2. Life stages of the brown marmorated stink bug. Nymphs and adults feed on plants and can cause crop damage.

2 MANAGING BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG IN MICHIGAN ORCHARDS

Biology and lifecycleBMSBadultsemergefromoverwinteringsites(e.g.woodlots,manmadestructures)inresponsetoadaylengthof13.5hours,whichismidAprilinMichigan(Table1).Egglayingbeginsafter170degreedays(DD=base57.2°F)haveaccumulated,aroundtheendofMay.Femaleslayclustersofupto28greenish-whiteeggsontheundersidesofleavesofpreferredhostplants,andbetween10-20eggclustersintheirlifetime.FeedinganddevelopmentcontinuethroughfivenymphalstagesbeforemoltingintotheadultstageinearlytolateAugust.HighdensitiesofBMSBandthepotentialfordamagebecomemorelikelyatthistime.ThesummergenerationcontinuestofeedbeforemovingtooverwinteringsitesbeginninginearlySeptemberthroughNovember.Theadultproducesanattractant,calledanaggregationpheromone,whichattractsotheradultstothesamelocation.Thisiswhyclustersofadultscanbefoundgatheringonbuildings.OnegenerationisthoughttooccurinMichigan(Fig.3).BMSB lifecycle as it relates to Michigan orchards

As temperatures drop, summer

adults take shelter for winter in

woodlots and manmade structures

Feeding in apples by nymphs and adults principally occurs in

August and September

Later instar nymphs and summer adults move

from peaches and other crops to apples beginning

in early-August Peaches are

vulnerable to feeding damage as early as June

by winter emerging adults and early instar

nymphs

Overwintered adults break diapause in late April to lay

eggs on a variety of wild and crop hosts

Fig. 3. Life cycle of the brown marmorated stink bug and its overwintering behavior as it relates to orchards. Adults overwinter in manmade structures then emerge in late April to find suitable host plants (green part of lifecycle). Clusters of eggs are laid on the underside of leaves of host plants beginning at the end of May. When population levels are high, nymphs and adults will move into orchards and cause damage when they feed on fruit, but the damage may not be apparent until weeks later. Orange indicates when peaches and nectarines are vulnerable to damage in June and July. Red indicates when apples are vulnerable to damage in August and September. Elements of this illustration courtesy of the Nielsen Fruit Lab, Rutgers University.

MANAGING BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG IN MICHIGAN ORCHARDS 3

Estimated dates when different BMSB life stages will appear

Host plant preferences ThelistofplantsonwhichBSMBwillfeedislong,includingmanywild,agricultural,andornamentalplants.Preferredhostsarenon-nativeornamentaltreesandshrubsthatbearseedpodsorfruit,buttheywillalsofeedonanddamageherbaceousfruitingplants.BMSBmoveinandoutofdifferentcropsoverthecourseofaseason,therefore,itisusefultoknowwhetherotherhighriskcropsandornamentalsarenearyourorchardswhenconsideringwheretofocusmonitoringefforts.Table2showshowtreefruitandnutscomparewithotherspecialtycropsgrowninMichiganintermsofrelativeriskofdamagebyBMSB.Woodlandsarethoughttobeimportantoverwinteringsitesandasanon-cropfoodsource.Table 2. Relative risk of damage by brown marmorated stink bugs to Michigan specialty crops, field crops, and ornamentals.

Risk Level Tree Fruit & Nuts Berries & Grapes Vegetables Field crops Ornamentals High apple, hazelnut,

nectarine, peach1, pear (Asian and European)

grape2 beans (green, pole, snap), edamame, eggplant, okra, pepper, sweet corn, Swiss chard, tomato

dry beans, field corn, soybeans, sunflowers

bee-bee tree, black cherry, buckthorn4, catalpa, crab apple, English holly (female), Japanese pagoda tree, multiflora rose4, Peking lilac tree, redbud, tree of heaven4, wild raspberry4

Moderate apricot, cherry2

(sweet and tart), plum, walnut

blackberry, blueberry2,3, raspberry

asparagus, broccoli, cauliflower, collard, cucumber, horseradish, lima bean, tomatillo

winter wheat5

black walnut, flowering dogwood, littleleaf linden, maples, serviceberry

Low cranberry, strawberry

carrot, garlic, kohlrabi, leeks, lettuce, onion, potato, spinach, sweet potato, turnip

blackgum, ginkgo, Japanese maple, kousa dogwood

NOTES for Table 2: 1 – Additional risk potential due to bark feeding. 2 – Potential risk of taint/contamination. 3 – Considered moderate to high risk. 4 – Considered to be a particularly attractive and important host plant. 5 – Considered to be a population source more than a crop damaged by BMSB.

Table 1. Estimated dates when brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) life stages are expected to appear during the season. The model is based on using a 13.5-hour day as the biofix for BMSB emerging from overwintering, 170 degree days (DD base 57.2 °F) until egg laying begins, and then another 964 DD (base 57.2 °F) for those eggs to develop into adults. Scouting for nymphs in orchards with a history of damage should begin by the 2nd week in June.

Event -> 1st overwintered adult expected Egg laying begins

Various nymph stages present through mid-

August

New (summer) generation adults expected

Environmental cue -> 13.5 hr day 170 DD* (base 57.2 °F)

1134 DD* (base 57.2 °F)

Benton Harbor 19-Apr 26-May 6-Aug Romeo 19-Apr 26-May 10-Aug Fennville 19-Apr 29-May 16-Aug Sparta 18-Apr 30-May 20-Aug Hart 18-Apr 1-June 27-Aug Traverse City 16-Apr 2-June 25-Aug *Degree days were calculated using the Baskerville-Emin method in Enviro-weather (https://mawn.geo.msu.edu/) starting with the date when day length reaches 13.5 hours in a given area averaged over a 10 year period (2007-2017).


BMSB in orchards WhenBMSBareabundant,mosttreefruitgrowninMichiganshouldbeconsideredatmoderatetohighriskfromBMSBfeedingdamage.Inthehigh-riskgroupareapple,nectarine,peach,andpear.Inthemoderateriskgroupareapricotandcherry.AspopulationscontinuetoincreaseinMichigan,damagetostonefruitandapplesisexpectedtoincreasewithnymphsappearinginJuneandmixedpopulationsofnymphsandadultspeakinginAugust.BMSBnymphsandadultscanbothcausedamageinfruitandvegetablecrops,butthedamagemaynotbedetecteduntilweeksorevenmonthslater–especiallyinthecaseoffruitthatisstoredbeforebeingsold.Keeprecordsofwheredamagedfruitoccurredonyourfarm–thosewillbetheorchardstomonitorclosely.

Fruit damage in peaches and nectarines Peaches,nectarines,andapricotsarevulnerabletodamagesoonafterfruitsetuntilharvest.Inthesecrops,BMSBmonitoringshouldstartaftershuck-split.Soonafterbloom,damagedfruitarelikelytodrop.Mid-seasonfeedingdamage(Fig.4A)willproducecat-facinginjury,weeksafterthefeedinghasoccurred,whichistypicalofplantbugs(Fig.4B).Lateseasondamagewilllookmorelikewater-soakeddepressionsinthefruit(Fig.4C),butagain,damagemaygounnoticeduntilweeksafterthefeedinghasoccurred.

Fig. 4. A) Mid-season feeding by 2nd instar nymphs on a peach in late June; under the yellowed leaf is the egg mass from which they emerged (above). B) Mid-season feeding by stink bugs can turn into cat-facing injury in peaches and nectarines (upper right). C) Injury from stink bug feeding at a later stage will appear as water-soaked lesions (lower right).

Photo: Mike Belco, Applewood Estate, Flint, MI

A

Photo: Utah State University

B

Photo: Doug Pfeiffer, Virginia Cooperative Extension

C


Fruit damage in apples AppleandpearfruitletsmaybeinjuredasearlyaslateMaywherepopulationsareveryhigh.InMichigan,wehaveseensomefeedingdamageinfruitletsinearlyJuly(Fig.5).However,themajorityofdamageinthesecropsisexpectedinAugustandSeptember,withdamagebecomingapparentweeksafterfeedinghasoccurred.Similartostonefruit,ifdamageoccurssoonafterbloom,damagedfruitislikelytoabort.Damageoccurringlaterintheseasonmaybeconfusedwithbitterpitonthesurface,butwhenthefruitissliced,theinteriorwillbecorky(Fig.6).Ifdamageoccurs1-2weeksbeforeharvest,applesmayshownovisiblesignsofinjury,butwilldevelopbrownandnecroticareasinthefleshduringpost-harveststorage.

Photo: William Shane

Fig. 6. Adult stink bugs in late September feeding on ripening apple (left). Injury to apple may be confused with bitter pit except that it will appear anywhere on the apple vs. on the calyx end where bitter pit typically appears (right). When fruit is cut, flesh will be corky (right, inset); late season injury can go unnoticed until fruit is taken out of storage.

Photo: Amy Irish-Brown, MSU Extension

Photo: Doug Pfeiffer, Virginia Cooperative Extension

Fig. 5. Exploratory feeding injury by stink bugs in early July in Gala apples. This kind of damage has been seen in Golden Delicious and Honeycrisp in Michigan as well. When you cut into the apple, you will see evidence of the stylet (stink bug mouth part) used to feed on the apple. Not seen are the actual culprits. Photos by Amy Irish-Brown, MSU Extension.

Photo: Bill Shane, MSU Extension


TRAPPING FOR NYMPHS & ADULTS WhileBMSBarefairlyeasytoidentifyanddistinguishfromnativestinkbugs,theycanbehighlycrypticinorchards.Theypreferthetopsoftreesandtheircoloringexactlymatchestreetrunks.Trapsareeasytodeployandcheck,buttheareaofinfluenceforasinglebaitedtrapappearstoberelativelysmall,andnotterriblyefficient.Therefore,itisbesttoplacetrapssothatBMSBareinterceptedastheymovebetweenhabitats.

Traps Severaldifferentkindsoftrapsareavailable(Fig.7).Mosttendtohaveapyramidshapewithfinsthatneedtoeithertouchthegroundorbeattachedtoatreetrunkorpostinsuchawaysothatnymphscanwalkupintothem.Thereisalsoanewclearstickypaneltrapthatcanbeattachedtoatallstake.Allofthesetrapsmustbepairedwithlures.Lures Luresaremeanttobeattractivetobothnymphsandadults,buttheyappeartobecomemoreattractivelaterinthesummerwhenthepestisnaturallymoreinclinedtorespondtoaggregationpheromones.Severalcommercialluresareavailable,butallofthemappeartohavearelativelylimitedrangeofattraction.Inotherwords,BMSBneedtobeinthevicinityinordertopickuponthescent.Followthemanufacturersrecommendationforhowoftentoreplacelures.

Making the most of BMSB traps TrapsareusedtointerceptBMSBastheymoveamongdifferenthostplanthabitatsandtoguidedecisionsaboutwhentoapplyinsecticide.Itisrecommendedthatgrowersusesixtrapspereverytenacres,withfourtrapsplacedaroundtheperimeterandtwotrapsplacedintheinteriorinorchardswheredamagehasbeendetectedpreviouslyorisotherwiseconsideredtobeathighriskofdamage(seediagramtotheleft).Trapsshouldbechecked,atminimum,onceperweekandwhenperimetertrapshavecapturedanaccumulationof10nymphsoradults,aspraywouldbetriggered.

Fig. 7. Examples of traps used to monitor for BMSB: pyramid style (left), Rescue® brand (middle), and a clear sticky panel (right). All of the traps need to be baited with a lure. The fins of the Rescue® trap must touch the trunk or trellis post to which it is attached for the nymphs to be able to crawl up into it.

Photo: Julianna Wilson Photo: Michael Haas Photo: Chris Adams


BMSB CONTROL AsBMSBpopulationscontinuetoincreaseinMichigan,growersarestronglyencouragedtoscoutforBMSB.Aneffectivemanagementprogramentails:1)Knowingwherepreferredhostplantsarelocatedinrelationtovulnerableorchards,2)Scoutingand/ortrappingforBMSBinorchardmargins,3)Keepinggoodrecordsofwhichorchardsshowsignsofdamageatharvestorpost-harvest,and4)UsingthebestapplicationtimingandmethodforinsecticideseffectiveagainstBMSBthatareregisteredforuseinyourcrop.Pesticideregistrationsandrecommendationswillchangeaswelearnhowtobettermanagethispest,andgrowerscanremaininformedthroughtheMSUBMSBwebsite,localExtensionEducators,andtheMSUExtensionNewsforAgriculture(www.msue.anr.msu.edu/topic/info/fruit).

Chemical controlManyoftheinsecticidescurrentlyregisteredforuseagainstothercommontreefruitpestswillalsoprovidegoodprotectionagainstBMSB.Effectiveinsecticideoptionsmaybefoundinthepyrethroid,neonicotinoidandcarbamatechemicalclasses.Tables3and4listmaterialsregisteredforuseinMichiganpeachandappleorchardsandtheirrelativeefficacyagainstBMSB.Alwaysfollowthespecificlabelrestrictionsforthetargetcrop,beingawareofthepre-harvestinterval(PHI),re-entryinterval(REI),otherpeststhatmaybepresent,andpotentialimpactsonexistingIPMprograms(seetheMichiganFruitManagementGuideE-154formoredetails).MRL considerationsThetargetmarketmayalsoplayaroleinthedecisionprocessforselectingaparticularmaterialifthetargetmarket’smaximumresiduelimit(MRL)issetlowerthantheU.S.tolerance.Whenusedaccordingto

thelabel,detectableresiduesformostofthematerialslistedinTables3and4shouldnotexceedexporttolerancesforMichiganapplemarkets.Formoreinformation,pleaseconsulttheAppleMRLchartsavailableonline(http://tinyurl.com/AppleMRLChart)orthefreeonlinedecisionsupporttoolforselectingpesticidesclosetoharvestincherryandapple(http://mrl.msu.edu/). OMRIThereisonlyoneOMRIapprovedproduct–Azadirachtin–thatshowssomeactivityagainstBMSBinpeach,butisnotrecommendedforuseinappleduetothepotentialforphytotoxicitydamageafterthepinkstage.Aza-Directhasa0-dayPHIinstonefruitandmaybeusedwithoutMRLconcernsbecauseitisabiological. Managing BMSB in APPLES Orchardsadjacenttowoodlotsareconsideredtobeathighestriskofinvasion.Inadditiontosettinguptrappingarraysasdescribedabove,scoutforBMSBinappleusinglimb-jarringofupperlimbsoverabeatingtraytodeterminewhetherBMSBarepresentinagivenorchard.Keeptrackofwheredamagedappleswerefoundfromthepreviousseason–thesearetheorchardsthatyouwillwanttopayespeciallycloseattentionforpotentialmanagementthefollowingyear.Timedtooccurwithsecondgenerationcodlingmoth,orchardsthatareatriskofBMSBdamageshouldreceiveafullcoverofaninsecticidethatworksonbothcodlingmothandBMSB,makingsurethatthetopsofthetreesarewellcovered.UsetrapsasdescribedabovetomonitorareasofconcernonyourfarmandcontinueaBMSBmanagementprogramwhenthethresholdhasbeenmet,whichiswhen10BMSBnymphsoradultshaveaccumulatedinanarrayoftraps.Interiortrapswillhelptodeterminewhetherfollow-upperimetersprayapplicationsareneededevery7daysuntilharvest.

Fig. 8. Good coverage is essential to protecting tree fruit from BMSB feeding damage. Expect to use high spray volumes, full cover applications, and returning with an application of a different effective insecticide after a rainfall event.


Managing BMSB in PEACHES and NECTARINES BeginmonitoringforBMSBinpeachesinmidtolateMay,especiallyalongwoodededges.Inhigh-riskorchardsorwheredamagingpopulationsarefound,weeklybordersprayson5-10acreplots(cropborderplusfirstfullrow)havebeenshowntobeaneffectivestrategyinNewJersey.Dispersaltopeachescanbeinitiallymonitoredusingbaitedtrapsplacedattheedgesasdescribedpreviously.InitiatingsprayswhenBMSBarefirstdetectedhasnotbeenevaluatedbutmightbeanappropriatetiming.Peachesontheinteriorshouldbemonitoredforinjuryorbugpresence.IfBMSBisdetectedontheinteriorafullblocksprayshouldbedone.Potential for biological control of BMSBBiologicalcontrolcouldhelpsuppressBMSBpopulationsinMichigan,butitisnotexpectedtobeastand-alonetacticforcontrollingBMSB.CommonpredatorsfoundinMichiganorchardsthatwillfeedonBMSBeggsincludespiders,ladybeetleadultsandlarvae,minutepiratebugs,lacewinglarvae,crickets,andgrasshoppers.TherearealsopredatorsthatwillfeedonBMSBnymphsandadults,includingspiders,assassinbugs,andpredatorywasps.Parasitoids–small,non-stingingwaspsthatlaytheireggsinsidetheeggsoftheirhost–haveagreaterpotentialtohelpsuppressBMSBpopulationsoverthelong-term.AlthoughseveralnativeparasitoidshavebeencollectedinlownumbersfromBMSBeggclustersinMichiganorchards,itisaparasitoidnativetothesamepartofAsiaasBMSBthatholdsthemostpromise.ThisparasitoidhasbeeninquarantineforevaluationbeforebeingreleasedinNorthAmerica,butinthemeantimehasfounditswaytoNorthAmericaandisnowfoundinseveralUSstateswhereBMSBiswellestablished,includingneighboringOhio.Asadults,manynaturalenemiesbenefitfromaccesstonectar-producingflowersinorchardmargins.Areasmaintainedaspollinatorhabitat(Fig.9)providefoodandrefugefromin-orchardpestmanagementfornaturalenemiesofbrownmarmoratedstinkbugsandotherpestsaswell.

Fig. 9. An example of a wildflower planting maintained for pollinators and other beneficial insects.


Effective insecticides for controlling BMSB in orchards Table 3. Insecticides and their relative efficacy against stink bugs in Michigan PEACHES and NECTARINES.

Trade Name Active Ingredient Class PHI (days)

Relative efficacy against BMSB

Max rate per acre

Actara thiamethoxam neonicotinoid 14 E 4.5-5.5 oz Admire Pro imidacloprid neonicotinoid 0 G 2.8 oz Assail 30 SG acetamiprid neonicotinoid 7 G 8 oz Aza-Direct* Azadirachtin botanical 0 G 1-2 pints;

3.5 pints under heavy pest pressure

Belay 2.13 SC clothianidin neonicotinoid 21 G 6 oz

Danitol 2.4 EC fenpropathrin pyrethroid 3 E 21.3 oz Endigo ZC lambda-cyhalothrin & thiamethoxam pyrethroid & neonicotinoid 14 E 5-5.5 fl oz Lannate 90 SP methomyl carbamate 4 E 2 lbs Leverage 360 SE imidacloprid & beta-cyfluthrin neonicotinoid & pyrethroid 7 E 2.8 oz Pounce 25 WG permethrin pyrethroid 14 E 6.4-16 oz Scorpion 35 SL** dinotefuran neonicotinoid 3 E 8-12 fl oz Venom** dinotefuran neonicotinoid 3 E 4-6.75 oz Voliam Xpress 112 SC lambda-cyhalothrin &

chlorantraniliprole pyrethroid & diamide 14 G 6-12 oz

Warrior II 2CS lambda-cyhalothrin pyrethroid 14 E 1.28-2.56 fl oz

Table 4. Insecticides and their relative efficacy against stink bugs in Michigan APPLES and PEARS.

Trade Name Active Ingredient Class PHI (days) Relative efficacy

against BMSB

Rate per acre

Actara thiamethoxam neonicotinoid 14 E 4.5-5.5 oz

Admire Pro imidacloprid neonicotinoid 7 G 2.8 oz Assail 30 SG acetamiprid neonicotinoid 7 G 2.5 oz Belay 2.13 SC clothianidin neonicotinoid 7 G 6-12 oz

Danitol 2.4 EC fenpropathrin pyrethroid 14 E 16-21.3 oz

Endigo ZC lambda-cyhalothrin & thiamethoxam pyrethroid & neonicotinoid 35 E 5-6 oz Lannate 90 SP methomyl carbamate 14 E 1 lb Leverage 360 SE imidacloprid & beta-cyfluthrin neonicotinoid & pyrethroid 7 E 2.8 oz Scorpion 35 SL** dinotefuran neonicotinoid 3 E 8-12 fl oz Venom** dinotefuran neonicotinoid 3 E 4-6.75 oz Voliam Xpress lambda-cyhalothrin &

chlorantraniliprole pyrethroid & diamide 21 G 6-12 fl oz

Warrior II 2CS lambda-cyhalothrin pyrethroid 21 E 1.28-2.56 fl oz Notes for Tables 3 and 4: Aza-Direct is also labeled for use on apple and pear, but not after the pink stage as it can result in phytotoxicity; tank mixing with oil-based products will also cause plant injury. For more information, please refer to the specimen label for each material (http://www.cdms.net/Label-Database). See also the 2016 Michigan Fruit Management Guide E-0154. Although products listed in these tables are labeled for use in these crops, not all have BMSB listed on the label.* OMRI registered product. ** There is a Section 18 Emergency Exemption for use of Scorpion and Venom on pome or stone fruit effective 6-8-2018 until it expires on 11-30-2018.


For more information

MSU Integrated Pest Management BMSB Resource page: http://www.ipm.msu.edu/invasive_species/brown_marmorated_stink_bug

MSU Extension News for Agriculture Fruit & Nut page: http://msue.anr.msu.edu/topic/info/fruit

Michigan Fruit Management Guide: Bulletin E0154 http://shop.msu.edu/product_p/bulletin-e0154.htm

Pesticide Label Database: http://www.cdms.net/Label-Database

Michigan Apple & Cherry MRL Tool: http://mrl.msu.edu

Complete list of BMSB non-crop host plants: http://www.stopbmsb.org/where-is-bmsb/host-plants

Acknowledgements

We thank Anne Nielsen for providing graphics for Figure and updated details about BMSB biology.

Michigan Apple Committee supports part of Dr. Wilson’s position as Tree Fruit Integrator.

MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer, committed to achieving excellence through a diverse workforce and inclusive culture that encourages all people to reach their full potential. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, religion, age, height, weight, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, family status or veteran status. Issued in furtherance of MSU Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Ray Hammerschmidt, Interim Director, MSU Extension, East Lansing, MI 48824. This information is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned.

Managing Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in Michigan …...2 MANAGING BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG IN...

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