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Outline

Denition

Incidence Epidemiology Mortality

!rauma "coring "ystems

Pathophysiology and Immune #esponse Initial E$aluation and Management

#adiologic In$estigations

"tandard %are for !reatment of "&eletal Injuries

#eha'

!a&e (ome Points

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Polytrauma

"u'group of injured patients )hoha$e sustained injuries to more thanone 'ody region and organ )ith atleast one of the injuries 'eing life-threatening

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Epidemiology

Occurs in *+-, in o$erall traumapopulation M/0 accounts for 12.3 of all cases

4alls account for 1.,

5lunt trauma accounts for 67.,

Penetrating trauma **.*

5urns *.2

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Epidemiology

#is& 4actors8 0lcohol use 950% : .6;

4ailure to )ear a seat 'elt

4ailure to ha$e an air 'ag

4ailure to )ear a helmet

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!rauma "cores

0natomic 0I"

I""

Physiologic!"

#!"

%om'ination!#I""

0"%O!

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!rauma "cores

0I"

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!rauma "cores

0I"

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!rauma "cores

I""

!o calculate an I"" for an injured person the 'ody isdi$ided into si< I"" 'ody regions. !hese 'ody regionsare8

*. (ead or nec& - including cer$ical spine,. 4ace - including the facial s&eleton nose mouth eyes

and ears

1. %hest - thoracic spine and diaphragm

=. 0'domen or pel$ic contents - a'dominal organs andlum'ar spine

+. E

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!rauma "cores

#!"

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Pathophysiology and Immune

#esponse

E'' 9shoc&;

4lo) > up to , )ee&s

#ecuperation > lasts up to se$eralmonths

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Pathophysiology and Immune

#esponse

?euroendocrine system8 0drenocortical response8

#elease of adrenocorticosteroids and

catecholamines Increased heart rate respiratory rate fe$er and

leu&ocytosis

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Pathophysiology and Immune

#esponse

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Pathophysiology and Immune

#esponse

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Initial Management

#eanimation Period 9* to 1 hours;!ime of admission to control of life-

threatening conditions

Primary "ta'ili@ation Period 9* to =6hours; %omplete sta'ility of respiratory

hemodynamic and neurologic systems Major e

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Initial Management

"econdary #egeneration Period 9,-*days; Patient sta'ili@ed and monitored

!ertiary reconstruction andreha'ilitation period 9)ee&s; 4inal reconstructi$e measures

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Initial Management

#espiratory 4unction 0ssessment

Management of (emorrhagic "hoc& 0ssessment of capillary rell time

conjuncti$a color urine output

4reAuent sources of hemorrhage8 0'domen

!hora mo'ili@ation

under the super$ision of a trainedphysiotherapist

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!a&e (ome Points