Management of Innovations and Organization of Production

Dr. Hristo Patev / International Journal of Modern Sciences and Engineering Technology (IJMSET)ISSN 2349-3755; Available at https://www.ijmset.com

Volume 1, Issue 6, 2014, pp.107-116

© IJMSET-Advanced Scientific Research Forum (ASRF), All Rights Reserved“IJMSET promotes research nature, Research nature enriches the world’s future”

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Management of Innovations and Organization of Production

AbstractThe article is aimed at future managers and leaders in industry, and deals with important methodologicalproblems encountered when designing new technical objects. It targets mainly engineers and inventors, whoteach Management and Marketing as well contemporary producers, economists and entrepreneurs.

Keywords: Design & creation of new products, management and organization of production.

1. INTRODUCTION:The article deals with creative processes in management and organization of production

relating to intensive development and introduction of new products [1-4]. Application of advancedtechnical solutions and intensive methodologies for inventing are critical to any prosperous company.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Points for influence from the managers ofexploratory. Rise of companies is closelyrelated to certain essential activities [4, 5].Development, innovation, and inventions aredone mainly in the following areas:• In the main proceedings - trend: fusion oftraditional technology with the achievementsof modern science. Known, principally newand high technologies are created andimproved.• In the external environment: enhancedrivalry and competition for leadership of thecompanies leading positions in research andtechnology. Consequence - euphoria or"gold rush" for technological supremacy toavoid abandonment of the company and ashift from its dominant role.• In the production accessories: management automation of existing ones, using modern hightechnology dramatically increasing the efficiency of production accessories.As a result - reduce the maintenance costs of production and increased competitiveness.These aspects determine permanent increase of knowledge and abilities of the leading specialists inorder, within the specified three ways, to achieve substantial progress.In furtherance of these objectives apply those main groups of methods (according to the author):1. Analytical methods for testing and measuring the cost effectiveness of technologies and theircontribution on profit, social and environmental outcomes. It is important not only accounting profits,as the company has more social, environmental and others functions.2. Financial and refinancing procedures ... Here arise many business issues ...3. Resources and methods for allocating - "sources" and "results - goods and services". They allow for

Assoc. Prof. Hristo Vasilev Patev, PhD

SouthWest University “Neofit Rilski” Technical collegeDepartment of Machine Building and Textile Techniques and Technologies

56, Ivan Mihailov Str., 2700 Blagoevgrad

https://:@www.ijmset.com/


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the formation of the optimal investment strategy in selected areas of technological development. Theyare used to assess the "full treatment" of commodities and materials.4. Optimization of periods to solve a particular problem and organization of production. Mathematicalmethods for determining the shortest time to complete a specifically assigned tasks [7, 8]. These arenetwork planning, operations research and bulk scheduling. A financial plan for spending isdeveloped before proceeding to the task performance.5. Diagnostic methods. Performing diagnostics and assessment (diagnosis) of the degree ofsatisfaction of consumer demand. Use marketing forecasting methods. Looking for ideas andsolutions "provoking" new needs, so called. exciting (particularly enhancing) innovation. Thesemethods are effective in analysis of the technological state, organizational and production structure indetermining the location and effect of each technology (concept, design) taken alone.6. Innovative methods, Imitation modelling (somewhat erroneously called simulation) [9].7. Technological development and methodologies for it (Technological ...), improvement anddevelopment of new systems and creating software for them (in the aforementioned guidelines) ...8. Expert’s systems, extrapolating (extension) activities over specific Company (environmental,ergonomic and other global considerations in the pursuit of prosperity, perspectives and priorities forpolicy implementation. Heuristics Methods and Analysis.9. Systematic approach. Method of choice (selection). These include: systems analysis; operationsresearch; Multi criteria methods for decision. The location of new technologies is determined.10 .... this includes didactic and pedagogical methods and methodologies creative, informal,original and others referred to in the literature to date.The application of these and any similar methods corresponds to: the company’s market position;viability - how long you have to accepted technology; expected profit; necessary investments; otherresources and their fate over time; will it continue or stop the development or will it go towards newdevelopment [4-9].

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:3.1. The manager and the inventor must be able to:

1. Identifying an abstract objective (competence - that are the so called required qualities)2. Becoming familiar with material facts (in their field) (competent men - of accumulated skills);3. Yielding results of independent actions;4. Organizing and planning, then proceeding to action;5. Interacting dialogically with ...;6. Working interactively and intensively with ...;7. Permanent technical improvement, being prepared for new responsibilities;8. Providing to a consistent performance-oriented teamwork, assessing the effect of their work;9. Synthesis of new management knowledge, acquiring skills and techniques;10 .... acquire intercultural competence and develop it further (common cultural, linguistic, cross-

cultural) ...Groups of factors affecting theproduction process: Documentation;Industrial Equipment; Specialists;Structural constraints; Regulating andcontrolling impacts; Energyconstraints; Temporal changes in theconditions ... R’- Resources and

reserves; Re - Implementation of the production process; R’’ - Results (goods or services) 3.2. TOTAL MENTAL ENERGY OF THE TECHNICAL TEAM AND ITS COMPONENTS The total mental energy of the creative team Σ is subdivided as follows [4]:A. Analytical - separating the real from the unreal steps in the work and decisions of the team;F. Functional / fantasy (concentrated, supporting the achievement of the goal only / on the otherhand gives energy to the fantastic, surreal new goals and needs);R. Resource of mental (and, of course, physical) health and energy of the participants;



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O. Organizing energy of the team supporting the creative energy of the leader and others;D. Destructive - negative (striving to reduce it! should not come from the leader!)I. Integrative energy (in intercultural cooperation) uniting the team, directed against the destructiveone (I has to be ≥ D, but this juxtaposition should not be initiated by the leader!)T. Technical and theoretical knowledge, terminology and technological culture (knowledge,skills, qualities ...) "energy" – background, prerequisite for realization of an object, project andparticular tasks;E. Emotional team energy (empathy, sympathy, mutual respect, collegial, mutually supportive,initiated by the leader, but each member of the team goes for it!)S. Synthetic, constructive or creative energy, a "charge" and ability to obtain a new solution - this isthe positive energy leading to the realization of the objective;… Other types of mental energy and creative potentials… Note: Only the underlined (A, F, T and S) are directed to invention and innovation.

The applicable "formula" is: Σ = A + F + R + O + D + I + T + E + S + ... 3.3. ON THE TECHNICAL SOLUTION SOUGHT BY THE INVENTORSSubstitution of the real phenomenon (complex real situation, process, or an existing physical object)with superseding another abstract, mathematical, geometrical or other nature phenomenon is calledmodeling. It is in such cases, often simplified, replacing the considered real property object, that aphenomenon, a process is called model of the object or process.The suggestions below represent the basic points in the general search of technical solution.1. Topical technical problem and monitoring its manifestation ...2. Physical explanations for the causes, assumptions from managers and operators ...3. Solutions to similar problems, discussion of corporate and external information ...4. Organizing a team and shaping proposals to solve the problem;5. Discussion and analysis ...6. Engineering thesis - antithesis - creating conditions for statistically reliable experience;7. Technical experiment - processing of experimental data;8. Effect - evaluation of results;9. Synthesis and systematization of new scientific and applied knowledge –10 .... Implementation (industrialization) - new money - profit ... Exemple – Algorithm for inventors. 3.4. SUGGESTED SEGMENTATION OFAPPROACHES - IN GROUPS:1. Abstraction - Specification;2. Functional thinking. This way of thinking in the art after the initialanalysis leads to the functions of the object and its parts. For example, amore complicated device should be decomposed sub objects, each with oneor more independent sub-functions, which in turn can be an appropriateplace in the hierarchy of technical functions, sub-functions, existing withinthe examined (new) system ...3. Materializing approach; on the basis of technical culture, how"something" can be done ...4. Orientation and objectivity in perceiving objects, processes andphenomena; aiming at generalization-limitation as approaches to beclarified; (general and specific concepts, general – privateclassification...).5. Divergence - Convergence - two stages: the power of imaginationexpands the range of possible solutions - technological thinking narrows thescope of defined solutions;6. Intuitive approach, intuition and imagination - see below;7. Theoretically building hypotheses: thesis - antithesis - experiment - synthesis - conclusion;8. Empathy - thinking about the object, contemplation, insight. E.g. A "little man" is used to performthe actions defined for the site. This is also known as the small men method.Note: The difference with the next approach is disputed by the theorists. The immersion - further



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9. Systematic approach and feedback (regarding an object as a system of several elements withinput and output connections, the elements being connected by direct and reverse links). There is notextbook or monograph without reference to the systematic approach. In practice, however, it stillremains "terra incognita - unknown area" for managers, as EXPERTS and university lecturers. Hereare examples providing simple illustration of this approach (known in the West as "modular oraggregate principle"):• Creating an object (product), consisting of certain details, e.g. house of bricks;• Installation of an article composed of details assembled in certain order;• Preparation of a set of devices (modules) to be given a new configuration, e.g. a set of kitchencabinets; set of devices.10 .... other approaches to apply the acquired knowledge ... 3.5. The systematic approach implies the performance of various activities, including creative:1. Overall analysis of the medium (system with main function and elements) and inventory;2. Functions of the whole system and its elements (including a number of environmental factors);3. Ranking the functions by importance, hierarchy - the separation in sub functions, sub-subfunctions...;4. Organization of the system elements in time and space;5. Determination and definition of relationships between elements of the system (by their grouping);6. Testing and examination of the input and output connections of the elements and the system as awhole;7. Theoretical and other models, adequacy, significant variables, characteristics...8. Experimental checks, neglecting minor factors ...9. Synthesis a system with new features, improved performance, modified parameters ...10 .... other activities ...

3.6. IMAGINATION USED IN ENGINEERING:1. Agglutination (from some parts - new connection) ...2. Physical representation of abstract phenomena ...3. Realization (after consideration) of action plan (or exteriorization - pedagogical term);4. Organization of imagination-promoting approaches focused on mental operation; analogy-opposition; various associations; similar processes and phenomena; centralisation (imposing a detail),hyperbolization - increase, hipobolization - reduction...)5. Dynamic characteristics of the mind associated to the speed of mental activities;6. Intuition and consistency of the process of thinking - a chain of insights:Incubation (latent period) - Id (Inspiration) - Insight (a term for creative illumination) - Idea;7. Traditional and non traditional (lateral) thinking - in unity;8. Exploration and heuristic (creative) thinking, imagination developing methods;9. Systematization of elements after their "inventory” …10 .... other set forth as principles (simplification, standardization, specialization, modular principle...) 3.7. THE METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS OF INVENTORS - IMMERSION & EMPATHYImmersion is “insight” in a concrete problem. This is a known didactic approach - a way tounderstand the nature of a process, a phenomenon. In this case it is referred to as a way to deepen theprocess of thinking. In ancient times, there are philosophical approaches associated with deepinsight into the nature of objects and phenomena called "Zen" (presumably this concept is relatedto the name Zenon, the concept gnana (a Sanskrit word) and to the Slavic word for knowledge –znanie - Note of the author). We shall further develop this idea because of its usefulness in theheuristic analysis of more complex tasks. Empathy, in a more general sense is to reach the emotionalstate, to get an insight of another person’s experience. The name has a medical background anddenotes a medical condition in which a person identifies with another. In the technical work, however,empathy should be viewed as acting technique used by researchers and designers to identifythemselves with an element or process inherent to a particular object, in order to get into the problem,to understand well and, ultimately solve it. More generally said the aim of empathy can be seen as adesire to understand others' views - as an employer, manufacturer, buyer, nature of the object itself.Deep understanding of the foreign point of view, the ability to be increasingly aware of the nature ofthe processes contributes to a very rapid solution to a problem - whether technical or not.


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Entering the "role" of someone or something is trained in a similar way as artists do - specific skillsand knowledge are needed to develop appropriate psycho-physical apparatus. "The Artist" shouldmonitor all man's relationship to technology; must be able to see poetry in these relations; poetry inthe technique and its purpose; to treat them with love; to establish deep connection with the object andits role; to develop a sense of style of the object. It is found that in principle the empathetic capacitiesincrease with life experience. Depending on the object, empathy can be classified as: a) empathy with an object - "a man"; b) empathy with an object - such as "technical object"; c) empathy with a process or phenomenon...To enter the "actor’s role" a team member has to rely on “dramaturgy”. For this purpose thecharacteristics of the object have to be identified. The algorithm includes:1. Clarifying the nature of the object and the problem.2. Identification of a particular main problem (elements of the object point in the process, etc.), whichis the key and that will be the identification, eg. machine oil, heated in the reductor.3. Defining the characteristics of "object of attention" and elements of the environment (external andinternal), e.g. composition, viscosity, temperature, etc. physical-chemical properties; path of itsmovement; pipeline - material, configuration, temperature; tank and others.4. Identified with the "object", eg. "I am made of butter; I have the same characteristics, but also theopportunity to see, feel, think, I am move into the pipeline... Just for fun we can call this technique“the little men”.5. Analysis of "object-man" condition – the "object" is analyzed through the human’s eye, e.g.: Thepipeline is pleasantly cool and this is cooling my hot body; the rough pipe is hurting me, etc. It is clearthat the analysis can be performed at different levels of depth and is largely limited by thecompleteness of information from point 3.6. Looking for the solution to a given problem by analogy, after completion of the previous steps. 3.8. CREATIVE PROCESSE AND THE STANDARDIZATION

Standardization as the most common form of scientific and practical activities in search ofinterdependence and optimal order ( relation or dependency) between all phenomena, establishoptimal (or at least rational) order in these areas of human activity related to continuousrepetitiveness. But standardization is still the objective law of development of society and industry,through new levels of national, regional and international standards and developments.You can navigate in the field of standardization bearing in mind a number of guidelines,principles and approaches important to invention (classified according to the author):1. Aggregate and modular construction and use of objects . Analogy.Please note that the European term is aggregate approach and the U.S. - modular principle.2. "Formal" approach to objects. Formalization of related groups of activity. Detailed and precisedescription of the systems and their elements, their relationships to the environment ...3. Reduction of elements, activities and processes . Reasonable (smart) reduction of nomenclatures,parametric lines, instrumentation, production equipment ...4. Optimization of the object subject to various specifications. Organizing a range of activities - in allareas of human existence .5. Deductive approach - from general to specific. Applying interpolation (adoption of an approachthat would provide the expected (but not quite sure… characteristics of an object ) that is out of theknown conditions, i.e. there is a possibility to extend the known limits) .6. Inductive approach - from private to general. Use of extrapolation (adoption of an approach thatwould provide the expected characteristics of the object within the scope of known conditions, i.e. tofind the intermediate characteristics an object compared to other of its kind) .7. Typology. Typical and group technology - development and implementation in production.The typical and group technology (mainly terms booked from Mechanical Engineering Technologies)based on precise classification of details and their elements, in order to facilitate work andcomputerize the development of technological processes.8. Effectiveness, synergy and economy derived from time savings and resource savings .9. Systematic approach, viewing functions, structures, processes, etc. as cybernetic systems.10. ...unified approach, certification, unification and facilitating borrowing, mandatory inter


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changeability...

Algorithm for inventors(By theorder: inFrench, thelanguageof the userspace isleft inEnglish)


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4. CONCLUSION:The stated aspects of the work suppose to permanently increase the knowledge and skills of theleading specialists in order to achieve significant progress within specified guidelines.1. According to the author, complex methods should be applied for the realization of this objective.Manager and inventor must be able to handle a number of tasks.2. The total mental energy of a technical team has different elements that should be taken inconsideration. The technical solution sought by the inventors is the result of systematic development.Look the algorithm.For this purpose, we propose segmentation of the psychological approaches in groups.3. The elements of imagination used in engineering sciences are an important tool. In particular, theinventors can successfully apply empathy.6. Creative processes are closely related to the basics of standardization. The references used in thework are a part of the author’s thesis Patev, H., Interdisciplinary Connections and IntegrativeApproach in the Curriculum of Engineering Foundation. Ed. SWU "N. Rilski", Blagoevgrad, 2013[4] . Between the complex algorithms and methods of creative activity on the one hand, and theconcrete everyday tasks of engineers and managers on the other, there are obstacles that are difficultto overcome.

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The author is grateful to the reviewers for their valuable suggestionsto improve the quality of this article and special thanks to Smt.K.V.Lakshmi Sailaja, ManagingEditor, IJMSET for her prompt response.

6. REFERENCES:[1] Wertheimer, M., Productive Thinking, New York, Harper, 1959.[2] Rak , I., etc. La demarche de proget industriel. Technologie et Pedagogie. Les editions Foucher, 1992.[3] Aublin, M., M. Rage, D. Taraud, Productique mechanique, Dunod, Paris, 1994.[4] Патев Хр., Интердисциплинарни връзки и интегративен подход в учебното съдържание на

инженерния фундамент от техническите дисциплини и модули Мениджмънт, инженеринг и работа векип, Маркетингови концепции в производството, част ІІІ, Изд. ЮЗУ “Н. Рилски”, Благоевград, 2013.

[5] Patev, Hr., Improvement of the diagram reasons - result at the examination in the unsatisfactory quality ofthe products and the machines of production technique Електронно списание Scientific ResearchЮгозападен университет "Неофит Рилски"http://press.swu.bg/volume-collection/volume-2/improvement-of-the-diagram-reasons.aspx

[6] Альтшуллер, Г.С., Творчество как точная наука, М., 1979.[7] Chingova R. A Mathematical Model to Determine the Friction Force in An Area of Real Contact in A Pllain

Weave, Open Journal of Mathematical Modeling, ISSN 2328-496X, 2013, Volume 1, Number 7, p.225-230.[8] Паскалева, Ул. „Управление на средствата за измерване и на измервателните процеси, Сб. науч. докл.

„Индустриални системи и технологии 2007”, стр.84–88, ISBN978-954-680-527-0, Технически колеж –ЮЗУ „Н. Рилски”, Благоевград.

[9] [Стоев 2014] Методи и машина за многооперационно обработване на ротационни детайли, 2014 г.,патент за изобретение № 66427 с приоритет от 24.03.2009 г.

AUTHOR’S BRIEF BIOGRAPHY:

An associate professor and doctor in engineering, Hristo Patev graduated the major “MechanicalEngineering” in the Technical University, Sofia in 1974. He specialized in Applied Mathematics for twoyears. He worked as a technologist for a year and later as a designer and constructor for three years. Hedefended a doctor’s degree in 1983. At first he was an assistant in the Technical University and later in1999 he became an associate professor. He is a longstanding teacher in technical and economicaldisciplines. He was an excess expert in the Institute for Inventions. In 1997 he specialized in theteaching of students studying Electrical engineering majors in the INSA Rennes - University, France.From 1999 to 2007 he was a head of the Technical College. He is an author of 100 inventions and overninety scientific works. He is an author or a co-author of 10 textbooks and monographs. In his works, hepays great attention to the interdisciplinary education. The author has taken part in university, nationaland international intercultural and interactive educational projects.

http://:@press.swu.bg/volume-collection/volume-2/improvement-of-the-diagram-reasons.aspx

Management of Innovations and Organization of Production

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