Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 1 What is Planning? –An IS plan is a...

Management Information Systems, 3rd EditionEffy Oz

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• What is Planning?– An IS plan is a statement of how management

foresees its ISs in the future.– IS plan includes:

• Activities planner believes will help achieve goals.

• Program for monitoring real-world progress.

• Means for implementing changes in the plan.

Chapter 14Planning Information Systems


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1. Approaches to Planning

• Top-down Planning– Focuses on organizational goals first, then on

the needs of business units

• Bottom-up Planning– Focuses on needs of business units first, then on

organizational goals


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Approaches to Planning

• Planning by Critical Success Factors– Executives define critical success factors first

so planning can address resources to support those factors

• Critical success factor: issues identified as critically important to business success


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Approaches to Planning

Figure 14.4 Business planning by critical success factors


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2. InformationSystems Planning

Figure 14.5 Advances in IS planning since the 1970s


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What are Key Elements of Information

Systems Planning• Key elements of an IS Plan

– Corporate mission statement– Vision for IT within organization– IS strategic and tactical plans– Operations plan to achieve mission and

vision– Budget to ensure resources are available


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InformationSystems Planning

Figure 14.6 The steps of information systems planning


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• The Corporate and IS Mission Statements– The corporate mission statement

details the purpose of the organization and its overall goals.

– IS mission statement outlines the purpose of ISs in the organization.


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Figure 14.8 The mission statement of a university IS organization


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• The IT Vision– Wish list of what IS managers

would like to see in terms of hardware, software, and communications, to contribute to goals of the organization


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Information

Systems Planning • Strategic and Tactical IS Planning

– IS strategic plan details what is to be achieved

– IS tactical plan describes how goals will be met and by when


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Figure 14.9 Rigid and dynamic planning


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What are important factors in IS tactical planning

• Important Factors in IS Tactical Planning– Flexibility

– Compatibility

– Connectivity

– Scalability

– Standardization

– Total Cost of Ownership


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3. IS Planning Initiatives

• Four groups of people who initiate new or improved ISs from different perspectives– Top management– IS professionals– Line managers– Users


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The Champion

• High-ranking officer who commands sufficient political clout to include IS in planning

• Most effective champions are not IS professionals.


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The Champion

• A successful champion is a leader who can:

– Promote the vision of IT in the organization.

– Inspire top management and subordinates alike.

– Remove barriers to realizing vision.

– Focus on both short-term and long-term objectives.

– Be a torchbearer for making change happen.

– Drive accountability to lowest organizational level.


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The Systems Analyst as an Agent of Change

• Planning almost always deals with change, which people tend to resist.

• Systems analysts must convince users that the new system will help them in their work.– Explain how a new system will improve business

performance – Train individuals in the use of the new system


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4. Ethical and Societal Issues Codes of Ethics for IS Professionals

• IS professionals can find themselves in situations where the interests of different constituencies collide.

• Many organizations do not provide adequate guidelines for resolving conflicts of interest.


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Ethical and Societal Issues Codes of Ethics for IS Professionals

• IS organizations with codes of ethics– Association of Computing Machinery

– Data Processing Management

– International Federation for Information Processing

– British Computer Society

– Canadian Information Processing Society

– Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals

Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 1 What is Planning? –An IS plan is a...

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