Management and Quality Tools, Ola Elgaddar, 2013

7/29/2019 Management and Quality Tools, Ola Elgaddar, 2013

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Management and quality toolsOla H. Elgaddar

MBChB, MSc, MD, CPHQ

Lecturer of Chemical PathologyMedical Research InstituteAlexandria University

[email protected]


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Quality

Fitness for use

Juran


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Management

It is the act of getting people together to

accomplish desired goals and

objectives using available resourcesefficiently and effectively


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Evolution of quality management

Level 1: Inspection:

- Measure the characteristics of aproduct and compare them with its

specifications;

- The goal here is the fitness ofstandards. This is the passive

"inspecting" attitude.


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Level 2: Quality Control:- Inspection performed by the workersthemselves with a feedback loop to the

production line;-Here we avoid the "inspector" effectand allow some learning

to take place.


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Level 3: Quality Assurance (QA):- Set of (implemented) predefined andsystematic activities necessary to give

confidence in the process quality;- Quality procedures are designed andplanned as a whole to ensure that no badproducts be delivered. We do not just relyon everybody's work and control.


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Level 4: Total Quality Management (TQM):- Management centered on quality and basedon the participation ofeverybodywhich aimsat the customer satisfaction and at the

improvementof the company's personnel, ofthe company and of the society.

- This is the ultimate step where workers andcustomers continuously interact to review /improve this plan.


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Shewhart


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Performance ImprovementTools


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According to the Healthcare Quality

Certification Board (HQCB):

I) Tools for planning:

Hoshin planningForce field analysis

Gantt chart


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Certification Board (HQCB):II) Tools for team:Brainstorming

Affinity diagramSelection grid

Task list


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III) Tools for data collection:

Indicators

Check sheets


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IV) Tools for data analysis:

Run / Control chartsHistogram

Scatter diagram


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IV) Tools for root cause analysis (RCA):

Flow chartCause - Effect diagram

Pareto chart


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Hoshin planning

(Policy Deployment)The process used to identify andaddress critical business needs and

develop the capability of employees,achieved by aligning companyresources at all levels and applying the

PDCA cycle to consistently achievecritical results


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Force field analysis

It is a powerful method of gaining a

comprehensive overview of the

different forces acting on a potentialorganizational change issue, and for

assessing their source and strength.


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Gantt Chart

A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that

illustrates a project schedule. Gantt

charts illustrate the start and finishdates of the terminal elements and

summary elements of a project.


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Brainstorming

Brainstorming is a tool used by teams

to bring out the ideas of each individual

and present them in an orderly fashionto the rest of the team.


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Benefits of brainstorming

1) Encourages creativity

2) Equalizes involvement by all team

members3) Fosters a sense of ownership


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1


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2 Set a time limit for the session


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-Brainstorming should be a rapid

generation of ideas, so do it quickly;

5-15 minutesworks well. If the time

limit has expired and ideas are stillbeing generated, you can extend

the time limit at five-minute

intervals.- Remember! You are just a

facilitator


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Set a time limit for the session

3

State the topic to be brainstormed in the form of a

written clear question, every body can see it


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4

Collect everyones ideas; Structured or unstructured

format for calling out ideas (Adv vs Disadv)


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5

Record ideas and display them where

everyone can see


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- To avoid misinterpretation and

duplication and stimulate creativethinking by others

- Written down exactly as spoken by

the team member, dont interpret

-Try to generate a long list as possible


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6

Clarify each idea to ensure that all members have

the same understanding of it


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7

Eliminate duplications, after asking participants,

other wise they are kept separate


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Follow the rules,or dont call it

brainstorming!


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Affinity Diagram

Usually, an affinity diagram is used torefine a brainstorm into something thatmakes sense and can be dealt with more

easily.It is recommended to be used when factsor thoughts are uncertain and need to beorganized, when preexisting ideas or

paradigms need to be overcome, whenideas need to be clarified, and when unitywithin a team needs to be created.

Affi i


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Affinity

diagram


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Selection Grid

It is a quantitative technique used to

rank the multi-dimensional options of

an option set.A basic selection grid consists ofestablishing a set of criteria options

which are scored and summed to gaina total score which can then be ranked.


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Selection Grid

A weighted selection grid operates in thesame way as the basic decision matrix butintroduces the concept of weighting the

criteria in order of importance.The more important the criteria the higherthe weighting it should be given. Each of

the potential options are scored andmultiplied by the weighting given to each ofthe criteria in order to produce a result.


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Task List

A simple todo list!


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Indicators

Indicators are quantitative measures of

a specific part of a process or of an

outcome.By themselves, they dont directly

measure quality, rather, they help

provide data that when analyzed, giveinformation about quality


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Check list

A simple way of collecting data


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Control charts

A control chart is a graph or chart with limit lines,

called control lines.

The purpose of drawing a control chart is to detect

any changes in the process that would be evidentby any abnormal points listed on the graph from

the data collected.

It is a method of control, monitoring andimprovement.


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Histogram

The purpose of a Histogram is to take thedata that is collected from a process and

then display it graphically to view how the

distribution of the data, centers itself aroundthe mean, or main specification.

Histograms show the center of the data, the

spread of the data and any data skewnessor outliers.


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Scatter diagram

The Scatter Diagram is a Quality Tool thatcan be used to show the relationship

between "paired data, i.e: shows

correlation.

Strong r = Higher correlation, in either sides


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Flow chart


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Management and Quality Tools, Ola Elgaddar, 2013

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