Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450...

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Mammals Vertebrate Zoology

Transcript of Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450...

Page 1: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

MammalsVertebrate Zoology

Page 2: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

What does the typical mammal look like?

Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species

Page 3: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
Page 4: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Characteristics Hair

Endothermic

4 chambered heart

Diaphragm (muscle to aid breathing)

Most nourished by a placenta

Mammary glands produce milk

Gestation - length of time within the uterus

Weaning - time at which young stop drinking milk

Page 5: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Characteristics Skin with sweat glands, oil glands, scent glands, & mammary

glands

3 middle ear ossicles (Bones); malleus, incus, & stapes derived from the jaw

Mouth with diphyodont teeth (deciduous replaced with permanent)

Lower jaw fused into one bone

Moveable eyelids

Fleshy pinnae

Non-nucleated, biconcave red blood corpuscles (RBC’S)

Page 6: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

HairMade of the protein keratin

Keratin also makes up:Nails ClawsHoovesHornsAntlersTusks Hair Follicle

Skin Mites

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How Deer Antlers Grow

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Horns, Antlers, & TusksHorns –Found on antelope, giraffe, & rhino Do not branch Permanent structures

Antlers – Found on deer Branch Fall off Covered in velvet which sloughs off

Tusks -Found in ungulates w/o horns

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Page 10: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
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Why did the Irish Elk go extinct?

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Skin with glands

Page 14: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
Page 15: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
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Hyena scent gland

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Panda scent gland

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Dik Dik Scent Gland

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Llama Scent Glands

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Lemur Scent Glands on Arms

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Scent glands and spraying

Page 22: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
Page 23: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
Page 24: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
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Spraying patterns of two mice

Page 26: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Mammary glands

modified apocrine sweat glands

key mammalian feature

complex system of ducts

surface opening: nipple or teat

Page 27: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
Page 28: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Table: Relationship between No. of teats and species-specific litter size 

Group No. of teats No. of young per litter

primitive opossums 19-25 12

kangaroos 4 1

Tenrec 10-12 12 (max. 32)

Mastomys (African rat) 12-20 8-19

wolves (dogs) 4-6 4-6

pigs 10-14 6-12

many artiodactyls 4 1

pangolins 2 1

bats 2 (4) 1 (4)

whales, horses, manatees

2 1

elephants 2 1

primates 2 1

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The Approximate Constituents of the Milk of Various Mammals in ml/mg per liter

Animal Water Fats Protein

s Sugar

s Ash

Human 870 40 15 70 ?

Horse 900 22 20 60 3.6

Cow 880 34 33 44 7

Goat 862 48 48 46 8.5

Pig 840 50 37 50 6.3

Dog 770 93 97 31 9.1

Reindeer 677 171 109 28 15

Harp Seal 437.9 428.2 119.8 ? 9.14

Blue Whale 471.7 381.3 127.9 ? 14.3

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Page 31: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
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4 Chambered Heart

   

                

                   

    Mouse

500 beats/min

 

  

              

  

                   

    Human70

beats/min

 

  

             

   

                   

    Elephant28

beats/min

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Heart Rates in Various Mammals

Species Resting bpm Active bpm

Great Whale 7

Elephant 28

Lion 40

Human 70 120

Rabbit 200

Mouse 500-600

Shrew 800 1320

Page 34: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Diaphragm Muscle used to change air pressure inside the

body in order to move air Less pressure = air moves in More pressure = air moves out

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Page 36: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
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3 Middle Ear Ossicles

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Otic hair cells

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Single fused mandible

Page 42: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Mandible Comparison

Page 43: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
Page 44: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Beaver

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Squirrel

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Prairie Dog

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Rabbit

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Lion

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Sea Lion

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Wolverine

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Skunk

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Shrew

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Smilodon

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Black Bear

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Killer Whale

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Elephant

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Rhino

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Hippopotamus

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White-tailed Deer

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Cow

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Pig

Page 62: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Horse

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Giraffe

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Gorilla

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Orangutan

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Ungulates – Hooved Mammals

Perissodactyla - horses, rhinos, tapirs - "odd toed"

Artiodactyla - pigs, peccaries, hippos, camels, deer, antelope, cattle, sheep, goats - "even toed"

Page 69: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Perissodactyla

pe·ris·so·dac·tyla (pai'ris-oh dak ti'lah): from Greek perissos, strange, of numbers odd; daktulos, a finger or toe

Page 70: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
Page 71: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Artiodactyla

ar·ti·o·dac·ty·la (är'tee-oh dak ti'la): from Greek artios, complete, of numbers even; daktulos, a finger or toe

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Page 73: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

3 Subclasses within the class Mammalia:

Prototheria or Monotremes (3 species)

Metatheria or Marsupials (275 species)

Eutheria or placental mammals (3982 species)

Page 74: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Monotremes Most primitive mammals

Only 3 species: duck-billed platypus and two spiny anteaters, or echidnas

Oviparous; eggs with a leathery shell; mothers nourish their young with milk after young hatch

Lack nipples

Live only in Australia & New Guinea

The name monotreme means one-holed (i.e.cloaca)

Page 75: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Echidna & Duck-billed Platypus

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Page 77: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Marsupials

Viviparous Immature young

are incubated in the pouch

Tasmanian wolf

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Flying Squirrel

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Tasmanian Devil

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Marsupial Mouse

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Koala (Aboriginal for no drink

…They sleep for 19 hrs/day)

Page 82: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Wombat

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Kangaroo

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Wallaby

http://www.hedweb.com/animimag/kangjoey.htm
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Marsupial Pouch

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Opossum

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The only time you see an opossum…

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Mammalian Orders Monotremata – Echidnas & platypus Marsupiala – Opossum, kangaroo, koala Insectivora – Shrew, mole, hedgehog Chiroptera - Bats Primates – Apes, lemur, monkey, human Rodentia – Beaver, squirrel, mice, mole,

gerbil Lagomorpha- rabbit Carnivora - Bear, dog, cat, skunk, weasel Pinnipedia –Seal, walrus, sea lion Cetacea – Whale, dolphin, porpoise

Page 90: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Mammalian Orders

Sirenia - Manatee Proboscidea - Elephant Perissodactyla – Rhino, horse

Artiodactyla – Deer, Giraffe, Hippopotamus,

Page 91: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Whale Evolution

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Pakicetus & Coyote Skulls

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Pakicetus…The First Whale 53.5 mya

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Ambulocetus

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Ambulocetus

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Remingtonocetus

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Page 101: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Protocetus

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Dorudon

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Doruson vs Odontecetus

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Dorudon

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Basilosaurus

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Basilosaurus

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Page 109: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Ring-tailed Lemur (Primate)

Page 110: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Primate Characteristics General primate anatomical features Hands: prehensile with opposable thumbs tactile pads and nails on fingers and toes adapted for precision grip facilitating feeding and locomotion in the trees mobile arms: posture frees arms and hands for grasping Eyes: binocular vision color vision development of visual organs is achieved at the expense of

olfactory organs Face: large eyes and brain and reduced snout area Large brains: especially in cerebral cortex

Page 111: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Behavioral Characteristics Long infant dependency periods

Reduced litter size—usually just one (allowing mobility with clinging young and more individual attention to young)

Complicated social organization

Excellent manual dexterity

Well developed sense of sight

Good hand-eye co-ordination

Page 112: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Figure 1: Selected amino acid positions in the Hemoglobin of some vertebrates.   

Human Being SER THR ALA GLY ASP GLU VAL GLU ASP THR PRO GLY

Chimpanzee SER THR ALA GLY ASP GLU VAL GLU ASP THR PRO GLY

Primate Gorilla SER THR ALA GLY ASP GLU VAL GLU ASP THR PRO GLY

Baboon ASN THR THR GLY ASP GLU VAL ASP ASP SER PRO GLY

Lemur ALA THR SER GLY GLU LYS VAL GLU ASP SER PRO GLY

Dog SER SER GLY GLY ASP GLU ILU ASP ASP THR PRO SER

NonPrimate Chicken GLN THR GLY GLY ALA GLU ILU ALA ASN SER PRO THR

Frog ASP SER GLY GLY LYS HIS VAL THR ASN SER ALA HIS

Page 113: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

RAT DISSECTION

Scientific Name: Rattus norvegicusCommon Name: Rat

Page 114: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Rat Dissection

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Page 116: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

External Anatomy

• Wash your rat

•Examine rat and take notice of the following: ears, whiskers, eyes, nostrils, anus, and nipples (only female)

Page 117: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

External Anatomy

• Wash your rat

• Examine rat and take notice of the following: ears, whiskers, eyes, nostrils, anus, and nipples (only female)

Page 118: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Internal Anatomy

• Make sure that the rat is pinned down down on its back before you begin cutting ‘Skin’ the rat by separating the skin and muscle layers across the midsection

Page 119: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Internal Anatomy

• Cut through the muscle, careful not to cut too deep, and expose the inner organs. You should be able to find the liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, cecum, spleen and pancreas

Page 120: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Abdominal Cavity

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Abdominal Cavity

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Page 123: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
Page 124: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
Page 125: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Thoracic Cavity

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Thoracic Cavity

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Page 129: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

A = left ovary (embedded in fat)B = upper oviduct (where fertilization takes place)C = uterus (richly supplied with blood vessels)D = vaginaE = fat (fat deposited around internal organs)F = liver (dark red; in several lobes)G = caecum (the first part of the large intestine; H = colon

Page 130: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
Page 131: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.
Page 132: Mammals Vertebrate Zoology What does the typical mammal look like? Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species.

Terrestrial Mammal Terrestrial Mammal Conservation ...

Terrestrial Mammal Terrestrial Mammal Conservation ...

Britten Nocturnal

Britten Nocturnal

Cuscus (Ailurops ursinus), a rare nocturnal mammal, is a

Cuscus (Ailurops ursinus), a rare nocturnal mammal, is a

Tesis Nocturnal

Tesis Nocturnal

Upper Lockyer Valley Nocturnal Mammal Survey€¦ · project a success. They are Robert Ashdown, Roxane Blackley, Catherine Burton and Robert Gratwick, Chris, Dave, Elspeth and Peter

Upper Lockyer Valley Nocturnal Mammal Survey€¦ · project a success. They are Robert Ashdown, Roxane Blackley, Catherine Burton and Robert Gratwick, Chris, Dave, Elspeth and Peter

HPHE 4450 - Section 03

HPHE 4450 - Section 03

Nocturnal Enuresis

Nocturnal Enuresis

4446 4450.output

4446 4450.output

HPHE 4450 - Section 02

HPHE 4450 - Section 02

UV20472 L/601/4450

UV20472 L/601/4450

Nocturnal Chef

Nocturnal Chef

NOCTURNAL BEAUTY

NOCTURNAL BEAUTY

Nocturnal Light

Nocturnal Light

Nocturnal Show

Nocturnal Show

Nocturnal plants

Nocturnal plants

What does ‘nocturnal’ mean? Can you think of any nocturnal ... · LO: To investigate nocturnal animals Steps to success... I can provide 3 facts about nocturnal animals. I can

What does ‘nocturnal’ mean? Can you think of any nocturnal ... · LO: To investigate nocturnal animals Steps to success... I can provide 3 facts about nocturnal animals. I can

Work and Energy 4450

Work and Energy 4450

Camo Nocturnal

Camo Nocturnal

HPHE 4450 - Section 10

HPHE 4450 - Section 10

4450 Aula Ambientação - Linux

4450 Aula Ambientação - Linux