Mammals. MAMMALS Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia.

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Mammals Mammals

Transcript of Mammals. MAMMALS Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia.

Page 1: Mammals. MAMMALS Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia.

MammalsMammals

Page 2: Mammals. MAMMALS Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia.

• MAMMALS• Kingdom Animalia• Phylum Chordata• Subphylum Vertebrata• Class Mammalia

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• There are about 5000 species of living mammals.

• Approximately 300 species are considered endangered, including most cetaceans, cats (except domestic cats), otters, and primates

(except humans).

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• Mammals – 3 subclasses – based on the way they reproduce

• Subclass Prototheria –Order Monotremata – lay eggs w/leathery shells and nourish the young with milk from belly pores; Examples spiny anteater and the duck billed platypus;

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MonotremataMonotremata

4 species of echidna- spiney anteaters

Platypus

SEE VIDEO!

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• Subclass Metatheria - Marsupials;

• Short period of time inside mother, young then partially develop in mothers pouch; About the size a of a grain of sand when born, then climb to pouch.

• Example kangaroo, Tasmanian devil, wombat, opossum, koalas

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http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/wildlife/mammals/devil.html

Wombat

Tasmanian Devil

Koala

Kangaroo- video

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• What animal goes on a honeymoon, and 13 days later gives birth?  • It lived during the age of dinosaurs: fossil remains have been found from 70

million years ago. • It can eat almost anything.

• It loves to eat insects (beetles, cockroaches, and so forth).It eats snails and slugs.It catches and eats roof rats.It also eats cat food, dog food, people food.

• It has thumbs on its hind feet! • It is very quiet, although it can make some sounds. • Learning and discrimination tests rank it above dogs, and more on the level

of pigs. • Give Up? More clues...

It does not have a territory, but is always on the move, going to wherever the food is. Females stay in a smaller area while they care for their young.

• It puts up a terrific bluff if cornered and can give the appearance of being really good at defending itself. NOTE: it is not good at defending itself!

• Big Clue!•   If attacked and unable to fight or run from danger, it collapses and

appears to be dead!

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An Opossum!

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• Subclass Eutheria – Placental animals; carry young inside uterus until birth; 17 orders;

• Only suborder evolved to be found on land, sea, and air;

• 95% of all mammals are

placental.

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• What is a mammal?• Mammary glands – produce

and secrete milk to nourish the development of the young.

• Diaphragm – domed respiratory muscle between thoracic and abdominal compartments; allows large oxygen intake.

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• Hair – long, slender filament; thought to have evolved from scales; provides insulation by retaining heat, provides waterproofing, camouflage, communication w/other animals, and protection.

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• Endothermic• 4-chambered heart• specialized teeth – example –

beaver (incisors), wolf (canines), horses (molars and premolars)

• highly developed nervous system and senses; more folds in brain provides more surface area.

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• Glands – cells or group of cells that secrete fluids;

• Appendages modified for food gathering in their habitat. Example – primates have an opposable thumb;antelope have strong, slender legs for fast running

• Have a single jaw bone• 3 middle ear bones

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• HAIR AND OTHER DERIVATIVES

• Pelage – coat of hair• 2 types of hair • 1. guard hair - coarse,

longer hair; protects against wear and may provide coloration

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• 2. underhair – used for insulation by trapping a layer of air; dense, softer.

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• 3 types of horns• 1. True horn – hollow w/a core made of bone arising from skull; can be found in both sexes; not normally shed (antelope, cattle, sheep)

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• 2. Antlers – solid bone, covered w/velvet that sheds as it grows; only in males; shed after each breeding season. For several years each new pair is larger and more elaborate than year before (elk, moose, deer, caribou)

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• 3. Rhinoceros horn – not attached to skull

• TEETH- adapted to food source.

• Deciduous teeth are replaced by permanent teeth (except molars)

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• 4 kinds of teeth• 1. incisors – front teeth;

central and lateral (beavers- large incisors for gnawing and nipping)

• 2. canines – longer teeth; 2 top/2 bottom; used to catch, kill and tear prey (wolf)

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• 3. premolar – next to canines; prominent in grazing animals

• 4. molar – back teeth; prominent in grazing animals

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• Feeding specializations • Insectivores –feed mainly on insects; moles, anteaters, shrews and most bats

• Herbivores – feed on grasses and other vegetation.

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• Browsers, gazers (cows) and gnawers (rodents and rabbits)

• Carnivores – feed mainly on herbivores

• Omnivores – feed on plant and animals (pigs, rats, primates)

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• GLANDS• Eccrine glands secrete fluids

directly onto the skin. Apocrine glands secrete fluids into ducts which are then taken to the skin.

• sebaceous (oil) – lubricates and waterproofs skin and hair

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• sudoriferous (sweat) – used to draw heat away from body; mixture of salt, urea, and water in which microorganisms convert to odorous products

• scent (musk) – found around face, feet, or anus; used for defense, species and sex recognition, and territorial behavior.

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• mammary gland – present, but nonfunctional, in males; monotremes lack nipples, milk is discharged into depressions in belly where it is lapped up; milk contains water, carbohydrates, fat, protein, minerals, and antibodies.

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• REPRODUCTION• Most have definite mating

season, usually winter or spring to coincide w/most favorable time for rearing young after birth. Female can copulate during its estrous cycle, during which she will ovulate (said to be in “estrus”). Ovulation ended by menstruation.

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• Males can mate at anytime. Some off spring born alert/bright eyed (antelope born ready to run), others blind and naked (mice)

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• Gestation is the period of time in which young develop inside uterus; the larger the animal, the longer the gestation and the fewer offspring.