MammalsMammalsBy Elena, Ell, Elisa 10/2By Elena, Ell, Elisa 10/2

MammalsMammals

► Scientific name: MammaliaScientific name: Mammalia► Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry►Most closely related to primates, which Most closely related to primates, which

include monkeys, apes, and lemurs. include monkeys, apes, and lemurs. ► Rates of chromosomal change - can vary Rates of chromosomal change - can vary

from 1 to 10 rearrangements per million from 1 to 10 rearrangements per million yearsyears

►On the basis of these rates we would expect On the basis of these rates we would expect 84 to 600 conserved segments in a chicken in 84 to 600 conserved segments in a chicken in comparison with human or mousecomparison with human or mouse..

Derived CharacteristicsDerived Characteristics► HairHair-no other organisms possess true hair -no other organisms possess true hair

and all mammals have hair covering at least and all mammals have hair covering at least part of their body at some time during their part of their body at some time during their life.life.

► Mammary glandsMammary glands- uniquely mammalian trait; - uniquely mammalian trait; consist of ducts and glandular tissues that consist of ducts and glandular tissues that secrete milk through nipples. secrete milk through nipples.

► Three middle ear -tThree middle ear -the middle ear bones he middle ear bones transmit sound vibrations from the tympanic transmit sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane or eardrum to the inner ear and membrane or eardrum to the inner ear and transforms them into neural impulsestransforms them into neural impulses

► Single bone comprising their lower jawSingle bone comprising their lower jaw- in all - in all other animals, more than one bone other animals, more than one bone comprises the jawcomprises the jaw

ReproductionReproduction► 3 types of reproduction:3 types of reproduction:► Monotreme reproductionMonotreme reproduction-laying eggs (platypus -laying eggs (platypus

and echidna)and echidna)► Marsupial reproductionMarsupial reproduction-give birth to live, tiny -give birth to live, tiny

underdeveloped offspring that continue their underdeveloped offspring that continue their development inside the mother’s pouch development inside the mother’s pouch (kangaroo)(kangaroo)

► Placental reproductionPlacental reproduction-prolonged gestation in -prolonged gestation in which the embryo remains in the uterus to which the embryo remains in the uterus to develop fully, receiving nourishment from the develop fully, receiving nourishment from the mother via the placentamother via the placenta

Life CycleLife Cycle

MatingMating- the male inserts the male sex organ into an - the male inserts the male sex organ into an opening in the female and the mating process opening in the female and the mating process begins.begins.

MeiosiMeiosis- the two cells, or gametes, combine; this s- the two cells, or gametes, combine; this new life is known at this point as the zygote, or the new life is known at this point as the zygote, or the combined egg and sperm.combined egg and sperm.

GestationGestation- the point from when the zygote is formed - the point from when the zygote is formed until the baby is developed birtheduntil the baby is developed birthed

BirthBirth- Females give birth to the infants- Females give birth to the infants Young mammalsYoung mammals- simply grow into larger versions of - simply grow into larger versions of

themselves at birth, until they are at an adult age themselves at birth, until they are at an adult age and growth stopping point of maturity.and growth stopping point of maturity.

DigestionDigestion► Oral cavityOral cavity- sensation of food in the oral cavity sends a reflex - sensation of food in the oral cavity sends a reflex

that activates the salivary glands that deliver saliva through that activates the salivary glands that deliver saliva through ducts to the oral cavityducts to the oral cavity

► PharynPharynx- when swallowing, the top of the trachea is closed off x- when swallowing, the top of the trachea is closed off by the cartilaginous flap, called the epiglottis.by the cartilaginous flap, called the epiglottis.

► EsophagusEsophagus- The esophagus moves food from the pharynx - The esophagus moves food from the pharynx down to the stomachdown to the stomach

► StomachStomach- secretes gastric juice and all of the bacteria are - secretes gastric juice and all of the bacteria are killed. Also located in the gastric juice is pepsin, which is an killed. Also located in the gastric juice is pepsin, which is an enzyme that hydrolyzes proteins. The pepsin only breaks the enzyme that hydrolyzes proteins. The pepsin only breaks the peptide bonds adjacent to specific amino acids.peptide bonds adjacent to specific amino acids.

► Small intestineSmall intestine- digestion takes place- digestion takes place► Large intestine-Large intestine- reabsorbs water that has entered the reabsorbs water that has entered the

alimentary canal. The final phase of the digestive system is alimentary canal. The final phase of the digestive system is when the feces reach the terminal part of the colon called the when the feces reach the terminal part of the colon called the rectum. This is where the feces are stored until they are rectum. This is where the feces are stored until they are eliminated.eliminated.

CheetahCheetah-the world’s fastest -the world’s fastest animalanimal

►Order: Carnivora (250 species of Order: Carnivora (250 species of mammals in 8 families) mammals in 8 families)

► Class: Mammals (Mammalia)Class: Mammals (Mammalia)► Family: Felidae Family: Felidae ►Name: cheetah (means spotted one, Name: cheetah (means spotted one,

from Hindu)from Hindu)► Scientific name: Acinonyx (means ‘non-Scientific name: Acinonyx (means ‘non-

moving claws’ genus) jubatus (means moving claws’ genus) jubatus (means ‘maned’ (cheetah’s mantel) species)‘maned’ (cheetah’s mantel) species)

OpossumOpossum

Black BearBlack Bear

CheetahCheetah

Work CitedWork Cited ► "Carnivores - Order Carnivora." "Carnivores - Order Carnivora." Free Website Hosting Angelfire Free Website Templates to Free Website Hosting Angelfire Free Website Templates to

Make Your Own Free WebsiteMake Your Own Free Website. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. . Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://www.angelfire.com/mo2/animals1/mammal/carnivora.html>. <http://www.angelfire.com/mo2/animals1/mammal/carnivora.html>.

► "Cheetah Facts." "Cheetah Facts." Out to Africa Op Safari Door AfrikaOut to Africa Op Safari Door Afrika. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. . Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://www.outtoafrica.nl/animals/engcheetah.html?<http://www.outtoafrica.nl/animals/engcheetah.html?zenden=2&subsoort_id=2&bestemming_id=1>. zenden=2&subsoort_id=2&bestemming_id=1>.

► "The Life Cycle of Mammals | EHow.com." "The Life Cycle of Mammals | EHow.com." EHow | How To Do Just About Everything! | How EHow | How To Do Just About Everything! | How To Videos & ArticlesTo Videos & Articles. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ehow.com/about_5312208_life-. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ehow.com/about_5312208_life-cycle-mammals.html>. cycle-mammals.html>.

► "Mammal Characteristics - Nine Characteristics of Mammals." "Mammal Characteristics - Nine Characteristics of Mammals." Animals Wildlife - Animal Animals Wildlife - Animal Facts, Animal Pictures, Habitat Facts, Evolution and ZoologyFacts, Animal Pictures, Habitat Facts, Evolution and Zoology. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. . Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://animals.about.com/od/mammals/tp/mammal_characteristics.htm>. <http://animals.about.com/od/mammals/tp/mammal_characteristics.htm>.

► "Mammalian Reproduction and Offspring Care: The Sexual Reproduction of , Monotremes "Mammalian Reproduction and Offspring Care: The Sexual Reproduction of , Monotremes and Marsupials." and Marsupials." MammalsMammals. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. . Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://mammals.suite101.com/article.cfm/mammalian_reproduction_and_offspring_care><http://mammals.suite101.com/article.cfm/mammalian_reproduction_and_offspring_care>. .

► "Reproduction in Mammals." "Reproduction in Mammals." The Earth Life WebThe Earth Life Web. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. . Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://www.earthlife.net/mammals/reproduction.html>. <http://www.earthlife.net/mammals/reproduction.html>.

► "Virginia Opossum Printout- EnchantedLearning.com." "Virginia Opossum Printout- EnchantedLearning.com." ENCHANTED LEARNING HOME ENCHANTED LEARNING HOME PAGEPAGE. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. . Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/mammals/marsupial/Vaopossumprintout.sht<http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/mammals/marsupial/Vaopossumprintout.shtml>. ml>.

► "WikiAnswers - What Is Cheetah's Locomotion." "WikiAnswers - What Is Cheetah's Locomotion." WikiAnswers - The Q&A WikiWikiAnswers - The Q&A Wiki. Web. 29 Mar. . Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_cheetah%27s_locomotion>. 2010. <http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_cheetah%27s_locomotion>.