Male Reproductive Male Reproductive SystemSystem

Path and Production of SpermPath and Production of Sperm

Testes- olive size (1-1.5in) Divided into lobules

Lobules contain 1-4 seminiferous tubules Between seminiferous tubules are

interstitial cellsInterstitial cells produce androgens =

testosterone Sperm leave S.F.T. to go into

epididymus.

NormalAtrophied Testes: Alcoholism, Mumps

Lobules

Inside the seminiferous tubulesInside the seminiferous tubules

Spermatozoa Cells

seminiferous tubules

The path continues….The path continues…. Epididymus

20 ft. coiled on posterior lateral side of testis Use: temporary storage of immature sperm. Sperm travel approximately 1 ft a day Sperm gain ability to swim at the end When stimulated male epididymus contracts

to expel sperm into the vas deference.

The long and windy road…The long and windy road… Vas Deferens

Runs up epididymus into pelvic cavity Arches over bladder Empties into ejaculatory duct. VasectomyVasectomy = = vas deference is cut or

cauterized. Sperm produced but reabsorbedTestosterone still produced. Sex drive

and characteristics remain the same.

Pregnancy & ReproductiveVasectomy

Follow the Vas DeferensFollow the Vas Deferens

Still traveling….Still traveling….

Ejaculatory duct-Ejaculatory duct- ( (ejacejac to shoot forth) to shoot forth) Passes through prostate gland Passes through prostate gland Merges with urethraMerges with urethra Moves sperm through peristaltic waves.Moves sperm through peristaltic waves.

The road has an end.The road has an end.

UrethraUrethra Sperm are ejaculated through itSperm are ejaculated through it Urine and sperm can’t travel at the Urine and sperm can’t travel at the

same timesame timeBladder sphincter constricts when Bladder sphincter constricts when

sperm ejaculates.sperm ejaculates.

Accessory GlandsAccessory Glands

Seminal VesicleSeminal Vesicle 60% of semen60% of semen Thick and YellowThick and Yellow

Sugar nourishesSugar nourishesVitamin C activates spermVitamin C activates sperm

Excretes into the ejaculatory ductExcretes into the ejaculatory duct

Extra AccessoriesExtra Accessories Prostate GlandProstate Gland

Chestnut size and shapeChestnut size and shape Below bladder, anterior to rectum = milky fluid Below bladder, anterior to rectum = milky fluid

activates spermactivates sperm Examined by rectal examExamined by rectal exam

ProblemProblem- - Hypertrophy of prostate strangles the urethra,causes Hypertrophy of prostate strangles the urethra,causes

bladder infections and difficulty urinating.bladder infections and difficulty urinating. Cures: Balloon method, radiation, drugsCures: Balloon method, radiation, drugs

Prostate Location (Right)

and enlarged prostate (L). Should be 3-4 cm.

How the problem effects the male How the problem effects the male urinary system: urinary system:

Prostate GlandProstate Gland 3 lobes enlarged3 lobes enlarged Caused a stone to Caused a stone to

form in the bladder. form in the bladder.

Prostate CancerBiopsy & Removal

This one Talks

Even more Accessories…Even more Accessories…

Bulbourethral GlandsBulbourethral Glands Pea-sized inferior to prostatePea-sized inferior to prostate Secrete thick clear mucousSecrete thick clear mucous 11stst secretion. secretion. JobsJobs

Cleanses urethra and removes acidic Cleanses urethra and removes acidic traces of urinetraces of urine

Lubricant during sexual intercourseLubricant during sexual intercourse

SemenSemen

Alkaline pH 7.2-7.6Alkaline pH 7.2-7.6 Neutralizes vaginal pH of 3.5Neutralizes vaginal pH of 3.5 Dilutes sperm – increasing sperm motilityDilutes sperm – increasing sperm motility Approximately 1 tsp (5ml) of fluid Approximately 1 tsp (5ml) of fluid

ejaculated with 50-130 million sperm in ejaculated with 50-130 million sperm in each ml.each ml.

Sperm ProductionSperm Production Spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis. Starts in puberty when FSH is secreted by Starts in puberty when FSH is secreted by

the anterior pituitary.the anterior pituitary. Primary spermatocytes then go through Primary spermatocytes then go through

meiosis. (4 sperm are made)meiosis. (4 sperm are made) Takes 64-72 days to make spermTakes 64-72 days to make sperm 23 Chromosomes = Haploid. 23 Chromosomes = Haploid.

Spermatogenesis

InfertilityInfertility

Diagnosed by semen analysis.Diagnosed by semen analysis. Check sperm count, motility, and Check sperm count, motility, and

morphologymorphology Less than 20 million sperm/ml- infertileLess than 20 million sperm/ml- infertile Threats to sperm = Threats to sperm =

Antibiotics- suppress sperm formationAntibiotics- suppress sperm formation Radiation, pesticides, lead, pot, tobacco, heatRadiation, pesticides, lead, pot, tobacco, heat

Pregnancy & ReproductiveImpotence

External GenitaliaExternal Genitalia

ScrotumScrotum Job to decrease temp. to keep sperm viableJob to decrease temp. to keep sperm viable Changes in scrotal surface area depending Changes in scrotal surface area depending

on Temp.on Temp. Penis or ‘tail’Penis or ‘tail’

Urethra is surrounded by three tubes of Urethra is surrounded by three tubes of erectile tissueerectile tissue

Fill with blood when excited = erectionFill with blood when excited = erection

Testosterone ProductionTestosterone Production

Interstitial cellsInterstitial cells-- activated by lutenizing activated by lutenizing hormone (LH) of the pituitaryhormone (LH) of the pituitary

Produce Testosterone = secondary sex Produce Testosterone = secondary sex characteristicscharacteristics Deep Voice from enlarged larynxDeep Voice from enlarged larynx Increased hair growthIncreased hair growth Heightened skeletal muscle and bone Heightened skeletal muscle and bone

sizesize

Parts of the spermParts of the spermAcrosome: Cap of the sperm. Has a Lysosome to eat into the egg.

Head: Contains DNA/ Chromosomes

Midpiece is full of mitochondria to make ATP for sperm movement.

Tail: Used to move sperm.

PracticePractice