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IⅡstruc1卜 ions to caⅡ didates:

DO NoT OPEN TⅡIs QIlIEsTION PAPER UNTILYOUARE TOLD TO DO so。

刀b召昭 曰刀c fOrty-nve g“ 贺矽jo刀s切 砀沁 招s'For c曰 c乃 g勿贺`氵

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This ques△ on paper coⅡ sists of18primted pages aⅡ d2blaⅡk pages。

◎M耐 lis Pepe酞 saan Malaysia⒛ 10

MUET800/3/M*This question paperis CONFIDENTIAL untilthe testis ove⒈

rrⅡ rⅡ over

CONFDENTIAL*

CONFIDENTIAL*

￡冫次万莎汹刀s1ro7曰 rB3箔ε歹 o刀 砀ε/oJJowj鳄`甜

sqg0

1 stress^n飞 always bad.A stress researcher Hans setye(SEL-yay)(1970obseⅣ ed,‘tΓo be totally without stress“ to be dead。

” Stress is the menta1ε md phys允 al

coh西ton伍at occurs when a person must a内 ust or adapt to the en"ronment.

Unpleasant events such as wOrk pressllres,manta1problems,or financial、 voes

na饨rally produce stress.But so do travel sports,a new Job,mountain cⅡ mung,‘ dating,and other pos“ ive actiⅤ“ies。 EⅤen if you aren’ tatⅢ11seeker,a hea1tby

hfestyle may inchde a fair amo讪 t of eustress毽 ood stress)。 Eustress can be

energizing, Activ⒒ ies that provoke “good s订ess” are usua11y experienced as

cha11enging and rewarding。

2 Astressoris a ConditioⅡ or eventin the enⅤ ironmentthat cha11enges or threateⅡ s

a person. Stress reactions are complex。 Let’ s examine some of thc chief factors

伍at dete1⋯he whether or not stress is harlnm1.Lg。 es almost without sayiⅡ g that

some eⅤ ents are more likely to cause stress伍 an o伍 ers.Imagine stan山 Ⅱg at伍e top

ofa whd-whⅡ ped sk jump forthe血 st time.Intemal△ 伍ere would be a rapid

surge in your heartrate,b1ood pressure,respratioⅡ and muscle tension. Sho⒒ -te.Ⅱ I

stresses of曲

^Ⅱnd can bel】 ncomfortable,but山 ey rarely d9any damage.Pol忆 e

。mcers,。n the o伍er hand,sufFer from a high rate of stress-related山 seases.The

threat of i刂 ury or death,phs occasi(冫 nal confrontati(冫 ns With dmnk or be11iI苔erent

citizens,tε 凵k】os a to11.Am苟 or factor here is tlle unpredictab1e namre ofpolice work。

An。fncer who stops someone to issue a traⅢ c ticket never knoWsifa cooper龃ve

otizen or an ar1ned gang member k w缸ting in伍 ec趾

3 A study done witll rats shows how unpredLctable events add to stress.Rats

in one gTOup were gheⅡ shocks prcceded by a w叮 血ng tone.A seGOnd groupgot shocks w⒒ hOut warning. The dlird group received no shocks,but heard伍 e

tone.After a few weeks,伍e anhnals that received unpredictable shocks had seⅤ ere

stomach ulcers。 Those giⅤen predictab1e shocks showed little or nO u1ceration.The

lucky group that receiⅤ ed no shocks also had no u1cers(Weiss,1972).

The tab1e be1ow gives an oveN\ew oftypica1signs or symptoms ofprolonged siess.

VVarning sigⅡ§of stress

E阴o矽氵o刀砑

`S氵

g刀s

Anx忆ty

Apathy

IⅡtabⅡ ty

Ιenta1fatigue

B已助c历绷 昭

`s讠

眵 s

Avoidanc。 ofresponsibiⅡ ties and re1atioⅡ ship

Ex饣eme or suicidal behaviOur

sclf-neglect

Poorjudgment

Paysicσ

`s讠

gns

ExcessiⅤe wOrry about Ⅱlness

Frequent Ⅱlness

Exhaustion

Overuse ofrnedic1nes

Physical ailmen“ and∞mph血 s

10

<丿

20

25

800/3/M*This question paper

(DOctor&Docto△ 1994)

CONFIDENTIAL*is CONFIDENTIAL untⅡ thetest o oⅤ e⒈

CONFIDENTIAL*

To manage stre“ ,o【le1nusHear【l to re∞ gnize伍e⒍gns and symptoms of

s△ess.In domg so,one can avoid the negative efects ofstress which could result in

eX钮℃me or suiCkkd behaviou⒒ 30

(Adapted flom Coon,D。 2000.Ⅰoscn饣氵cJs o/Psyc肋 o皮△¤亻Ιb`Jo阳″o刀 曰刀J/pp`jc曰 rjo″ .

8伍 Ed.UsA∶ Wadsworth。 )

According to lΙans Selye,1ife can be devoid ofsiess.

A Tme

B False

C Notstated

stress can be brought on by bo伍 neg菠Ⅳe and pos“卜e acj呐 ties.

A Tme

B Fdse

C Notstated

The sl丨【jijump example ilhs△ ates behavioural⒍gns ofstress.

A Tme

B False

C Notstated

Accor蕊Ⅱg to1he table,physical signs ofs饣 ess are the rnost se∏ous.

A Tme

B Faloe

C Notstated

A police omcer st。 pping sozneone to^sue a tramc住 cket泌 likely to be az1xious.

A Tme

B False

C Notstated

6 stress can1ead to suicide ifthe symptoms are igⅡ ored。

A Tme ,

B False

C Notstated

The wnter“ ofthe opinion伍 atthe animal expeⅡment“ cruel。

A Tme

B False

C Notstated

800/3/M艹This ques“ on paperis CONFIDENTIAL uⅡ tilthe test o oⅤ e⒈

ITurⅡ 。ψerCONFIDENTIAL艹

CONFIDENTIAL*

口“邻r0刀s8to14曰昭 D9sc歹 o刀 砀c/oJFol/oJ刀 g`‘沼s￠ge.

1 Book retai1ing o h r蚺 d change。 Traditiona11y,shops were independently operated

wi伍 ow11ers who kneW thor patrons and w⒐ eh坨hly sensitive to伍or hterest.

Then came the mall stores in the 1970s,reshaping how books were marketed.

Today super bookstores are reWnting the mles again,

2 IⅡdependeⅡ ts. In Co1onia1Boston,the first seat ofAmeⅡ can inteⅡectuaⅡ sn△ 5book-se11ing was a local en饣 eprenelInal bu‘iness。 The individuals who ow11ed

bo0k shops catered to the reading interests of their particular customers. That

custome⒈dHven model of book retaⅡing worked for al1nost250years. EVen as

曲e book business grew,sales representatives from1he pubⅡ shing houses sti111nade

h山"dual calls on啦

op oWners to chat about thor wares,and曲 e shop ow11ers 10

ordered what they in仅 IitiVe1y knew their customers wanted. shops maintained

distinctive inⅤ entooes.

3 VΙ aⅡ st① res, WVith曲 e growth of rnass1nerchandising and shopping malls in

伍e1970s,seⅤ eral bookstore ch缸 ns emerged,Typ⒑ ed by B。 Dalton and Walden

Books,which together had2300stoies at their peak,these chains ordered books 15

in huge lots△ om the pubⅡ shers and stocked the△ stores coast to coast Ⅵ汀th mbber

stamp inventoⅡ es.often,曲ese chains bought books eⅤ en befOre they were

pⅡnted,basing伍 eir decisons on publishers’ promises for promotional blitzes and

big discounts for bu1k pllrchases。 When huge stoCks arHVed,the rna11stores had to

move then1——somethnes going to extraordinary steps w△ h display and discounts 20

t。 nlln11their。wn proJections,and som0ti1nes without considera刂 on for a book’ s

Ⅱterary qualities.Suddenly,book-seⅢ ng became market-dr卜 en with且ashy

dsplays and other hcent卜 es prodding customers to buy-ˉ hardly a custome⒈

driven way ofdo1ng bus1Ⅱ ess。

4 These fo.I【ェulaic stores focused on what∞ uld be moved rapidly wi由out any 25attendon to whe山 er thoy had a balance represented on1heir she1ves。 Asked once

where伍e books by伍ei硐uentia1psychoanalyst⒐ grnl】nd Freud∞u1d be found,

aB.Dalton store rnanager answered∶“

'凵

hhh, Id1ink we had one once,” The new

cⅡteⅡa was not1iterary or en1ighte11ment but、 vhat products could be rnoved。 Thegoa⒈ fast inventory tumove⒈ 30

5 VVhatever their deficiencies, maⅡ stores sold a lot of books-ˉ and it hurt

the independents。 In fac1by 1995,independent stores,which once do1ninated

AmeⅡcan book-se11ing,accounted for only21.4per cent of sales.

6 superst①res.Market-dr卜en book retaⅡ ing entered a new dimen⒍ on,literallb

Ⅵ注d1staⅡd-a1one super bookstores in the1990s.BamesandNob1e,Crown,Borders 35

and]3ooks-a-MⅡ 1ion bui1t900ofthe humungous stores,some bigger than grocery

supeIⅡ larkets and stocking180000titles。 The superstores do rnore than seⅡ books.

Part of the△ appeal has been to become a commuⅡ ty center of sorts,with cafes,

lectures,cⅡ ldren’s programmes and poetry readings.The best neWs,though,o

that、碲 h gigantic inventories,superstores have Freud in stock— an improvement 40

over the rna11stores,

7 WhⅡ e superstore customers 1ked the discounts, the pⅡ ce war profoundly

damagedpub1ishers,Unableto move a11the new hventory,伍 e superstores shlpped

⑾ ckloads of books back to pubⅡ shers. Refunds had been cO11mon practice in

pub1ishing,a11nost a con⒍ gm△ent relationshlp between stores and pubⅡ shers。 The 45

vohⅡne ofthe new returns,hoWever,caught pubⅡ shers unaware;at Harper Co11ins,

fOr example,operating profits fe1166per centin1996,forcing the pubⅡ sher to take

800/3/M*This quesu。n paperis CONFIDENTIAL vmtilthe testis ove⒈ CONFIDENTIAL*

CONFIDENTIAL*

drastic steps. It cance11ed106books￡ or which it had issued advances to authors。

It also0ut back its acquisition ofnew t△ les. In1996,1J.s.book output had reached

58000new t⒒ les. It was down to56000iⅡ 1997and su11tL。 pping。 Book ouVu1 50one1neaswe ofa culmre’ s quaⅡo” sufered.

mdapted fr。 mV卜 ian,J.(199⑵ .彐%ε 盹 由α瓯 s Co昭勿″刀Jc曰 r'o刀 .

sth Ed.MA∶ A11yn&Bacon.)

8 Before rna11stores came into existeⅡ ce,book-se11ing was doⅡ1inated by individua1businesses∶

A Tme

B False

C NOtstated

9 OFders for books in individua1shops depend on custo1ners’ needs,

A Tme

B Fa1se

C Notstated

10 The Ⅱterary quali饪es ofbooks iⅡ crease book sales in ma11stores。

A Tme

B Fa1se

C Notstated

11 ∷〃乃乃屁,r砀切庀w纟 尼曰

'ε

刀co刀c召”

(linρ 2θ.TⅡs suggests thatthe book k

A not discoumted

B notin hgh demand

C ofpoor Ⅱterary quality

12Mrs.Tan wants her children to read and also e刂oy food and video shows in山 e same place。

She wou1d patronise

A an hdependently operated shop

B a superstore

C ama11store

13 Bo@庀 @“rp“豸o″纟昭c彐s笏昭 q厂曰c叨Jr,昭 &g〃曰Jf仍 s涕田臼

'fliⅡ

es5o and51).The h∞pl允乩ion of

th“ statement“

A superstores wi11reduce progra1nrnes￡ or children

B the pubⅡ c wⅡ l have less accessto new knowledge

c pubⅡ shers飞VⅡl ComⅡlission new authors to increase sa1es

80O/3/M*This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL untilthe test“

ove⒈

rrurⅡ ①vercONFmENTIAL*

cONFmENⅡ AL艹

1仁抵∷螂 deaofthejassageishow I ∷ ∷ i

- : ∷ = ∷ ∶ ·

∶ ∷~ ∶ ∶

¨AⅡ咚se1hgh晖 :ohanged oveF伽睥△ ¨ i.∷ ∴

B superstoreo haVo do血 inatedthe b°ok retali mafket Ⅱˉ ^

l C△o山辽砧态庀ater t。 曲e碱岖 碹 岫 舔 of铷ei customeFs

⒃0/3/M∷ ∷

lENTm山血I艋 test态 觚 ~l∷ ∶ cONHDENT【 AL艹艹Thi宙 黾谗豳讪ipmerh cONFm

CONFIDENTIAL*

口纫贺∮jo刀s15勿 21ε昭 D四召召歹@刀 腕εy。

`J。

v匆ηg`日ss日g召 .

1 Happiness,researchers find,is infcctious∶ 】he more happy peop1e you associate

with,thc happier you become, Happiness is contagious,according to new rescarch,

The same team that demonstr甜 ed伍at obe⒍ ty and smoking spread in network has

shown thatthe Fnore happy pcop1e you knOw,the more Ⅱke1y you are yoⅡ selfto be

happy. And being connccted to happy people improⅤ es a person’ s happi且ess,they

reported in the Br⒒ ish ⅣIedica1Jourlla1,

2 “What we are deaⅡng with is an emOtionalstampede,’’saidNicho1as Chostakis,

a professor ofrnedica1sociology at Harvard ⅣIedical school in】 Boston.

3 Chris切ks and James Fowle△ a political soentist at the UniⅤ ersity of

CaⅡ foⅡ1ia,San Diego,havc been using data froⅡ 14700chⅡ dren of Ⅴolunteers in

the Framingham Heart Stu讷、an extensive health smdy begun in Framinghanl,

bΙassachuse钆 s in1948. Thcy havc been analysing a trovc of免 cts from tracking

sheets dating back to 1971, fOlloⅥ 注ng bh△hs, rnarriages, deaths and diⅤ orces.

Vo1untecrs a1sO listed contact infoⅡ nation oftheir closest￡Hends,coˉ workers,and

neighbours. They assessed happiness using a shnp1e,fou⒈ question tcst.

4 “Pcople are asked how often durhg the past week they e死 Oyed Ⅱfe,werehappy,fclt hopenⅡ ab。utthe nture and fc⒒ just as good as othcr people,’ ’Fowlersaid.

5 The60per cent ofpeople who scored high1y on aⅡ four questiOns were rated

as happy,whⅡ e the rest were designated unhappy. Peop1c wid△ the most soCia1

connections——岔忆nds,spouses,neighbol】 rs,relatiⅤ es were also the happies1the

data showed. “Each additiona1happy person rnakes you happier,” ChⅡ s仅珏os said.

6 “Imagine thatI anl connected tO you and you are connected to others and others

are connected to stⅢ others.It k tho fabr忆 ofhumani11∶o`I,lke an Amer忆 an patch

quⅡ t,”

7 Each persOn sits on a different-coloured patch. “Imagine that these patches are

happy and unhappy patches. Yol】 r happiness depends on whatis going on in the

patch around you,” christakis s缸 d。

8 ‘叮t is not just happy peop1e connecting Ⅵ砬th happy pcOple,which they do.Above and beyond,there is this coⅡtagious process going On。

”

9 And happiness is Fnore contagious than unhappiness,they discovered.

10 “If a socia1contact is happy,it increases thc1ikeⅡ hood that you are happy for

by15per cent,” Fow,ler said. ‘勹廴iiend ofa Ⅱ end,orthe mend。 f a spouse Or a

sibⅡng,ifthey are happy,increases your chances by10per cent” he added.

11 A happy thLd-degree fr忆 nd——the fr忆 nd Ofa mend。 fa i忆nd— increases a

person’s chances ofbeing happy by six per cent.

12 ‘‘But eⅤery extra unhappy fⅡ end increases the ⅡkeⅡhood that you’ 11be unhappy

by seven per ce酞,” Fowler said. The finding is interesung but it is usefu1too,

Fowler said,

13 “Anlong other benefits,happinQss has been shown to have an important efFect

on reduccd mOrtal∶ 1y pah rcducton,and improved c盯 dac functon,So be仇 er

understanding of how happiness spreads can hclp us leam how to promote a

healthier sOcie吖、”he said.

800/3/⒈汪*This questiOn paperis CONFIDENTIAL unti1the test is oⅤ

e⒈

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ITurⅡ over

CONFIDENTIAL*

cONFmENTIAL*

14 The study also nts in with o伍 er data suggested in1984,that having Us$5000

extra increased a person、 ohances ofbecoming happier by abouttwo per cent。 45

15 “Ahappy n吐 end is worth about US$20000,’’said CⅢ stakis whoseteam o also

eXaⅡ1ining the spread ofdepression,loneⅡ ness and dnr山 ong behavio⒒

(AdOpted fr。m`汲ヵv srrJ'rs r切m邵,January6,200⑵

15 Among 伍e words listed below,which are sⅡ nⅡar in rneaning?

I `砂c莎jo昭 αine1)

II c@刀rJg汩叨s(Ⅱne2)

ⅡI‘Ⅱ9彻歹(line⑴

IⅤ co刀刀εc勿歹αhe匀

A IandⅡ

B IandIV

C Ⅱ amdⅡI

16The wⅡ ter meⅡjorls s〃o″″g αine3)to supportthe Ⅱea that

A ⒒灬1inked to obeslty

B △Ⅵ砬11make people happy

C it spreads in the same way as happiness 、

17 The expres⒍ on召〃o∫汩刀q`s勿〃pede(Ⅱ ne7)gives the idea of

A an uncontro11ed response ofa crowd

B a chain reacuon offeeⅡ ngs

C an outburst9fhappiness ˉ

18 The Ameocan patch quⅡtshows

A the interdependence ofpeople

B the Gultural praGtice ofshanng

C the important efe∝ ofh叩∮ne“

19 What kind ofdata is given to suppo⒒ 仇e findings oⅡ happhess?

A ObseⅣ ations

B Experiments

C SlIrveys

20The s缸dy Ⅱe碰ned the f。11owhg as characteⅡ sjcs ofhapⅡness except

A 。pum。m

B ambijous

C self-esteem

800/3/M艹This quesu° n paperis CONFIDENTIAL untilthe test跽 ove⒈ CONFIDENTIAL艹

C0NFDENTIAL△ 9

21The foⅡ o吲汔mg statements∷ about happy Ⅲ曲ds are锨 exc0pt

A they are姒 celess¨

B thcy are“mcult“ nnd

C they“吨“more mends ∶

800/3/M |9ENTIAL俪 萜 诋 “碱 i cOH烈 黯 藩

艹劢必咖囟扔n paF is CONFIE

CONFIDENTIAL*

g笏贺矽J0刀s22ro29曰昭 D夕s召歹o刀 砀召/o`屁9wj驾

`鲋s日gc

1 A11yson was con呐 nced thatshc had nothhg to put on her吒 sumo.In a conferencc,

her instmctor asked A11yson to descril,e exactly whE1t she had done,Allyson’ s

‘℃aby-蛀 ttinζ’was actually hOu∞ management and c11ild care。 Btlt a suF1merjob

at Harvard had consisted of changing beds and cleaning rooms for confercnce

guests.

2 Her fiⅤ e su1rl1ners ofwork at a law￡【Ⅱ.sounded1nore proⅡ 1ising. She wenttO

the library,fo.Ⅱ 1u1ated rnedica1and1ega1questions,and searched for answcrs. Thc

infoI⋯aton she found helped the且 I⋯ w血 a$7mⅢ on Out-of-court se钆 lement.

Not bad for a sophomore in co11egc, ]But A11yson was in adⅤ ertising and wanted

to go into copywriting,not rnarket research. The eⅩ peⅡence was certain1y wo岫

putting on her rosumo,butthe kind ofthkⅡ【ing she had done as a1aw clerk was not

the kind ofthinking she needed to demons订 atc to an adⅤ erHsing agency.

3 some of the iteIns under ACHIEⅤ EˇIENTs were interesting.The Locker

ROo111was a restawantin town where A11yson had had dinne⒈ Its rnenu said the

restaurant“ had a1ong history.” In fac免 the restaurant was new;it wasthe buⅡ ding

that was o1d.Allyson went up to the o、 vner,to1d hhn several of伍 e things that were

wrong with1he Fnenu,and offered tO rew11itc it, The ownertold her he wOuld pay

her for doing that and also invited her to subn1it ideas for ads.

4 The instmctor w"impressed.The who1e anecdote血 ght wOrk in a job

app1ication le倪e△ whi1e the佑sumo could hghIight伍 c factthatA11yson had written

menu and advertising copy ofrea1business(notjust aC1ass). ‘q汛厂hat you need,’’

the

ins缸uCtor said,“ is a skⅡ 1s rosumo。”

5 “Are skⅡ ls r6sumos very CommOn?”

6 ‘1町ot as cO11mon as chrono1ogica1 佑sum6s, And they’ re Ⅱttle harder to

wⅡte.You can wnte a chronoIo￡ :ical r色咖 o just by gc)ing through the1ist and

remembeⅡng what you’ ve done under EDUCATION,under EXPERIENCE,andso on.You can almost￡ 11h the b1anks∶ thejob title,the organ^ati()n,the oty and

state,the dates, ′丙Ⅰth a skⅡ ls rosu1no,you think aboutthe s1【i11s you’ d need in the

job you wantto have,the shlk伍 e employer o looⅡ ng fo毛 and show how you’ ve

used those sklls in what you’ ve a1rcady done,A sl∈ i11s吒趾m说 lets you take thi11gs

iom dasses,from paidj。 bs,from Ⅴolunteer work and putthem a11togethe⒈ ’’

7 “How do employers fee1about skⅡ ls r6sum6s?”

8 “There isn’ t any good research。 One sl】rvey asked employers which they’ d

rath∝ get,and more people saⅡ‘the订adtonal“sum6,’ But曲 at、 just becau∞

they know where to look forthings on the饣 aditiona1茁 sumo.NObody’ s eⅤer done

research taking the same quaⅡ fications,prcsenting them in小 Ⅴo different ways,and

seeing wⅡ ch way gOt more inteⅣ 忆ws Or morejob offers。 I knOw people who’ Ⅴego悦enjobs using skⅡ 1s rosum6s.”

9 “You want a“ sumO th乱 炯血 emately says‘WOW’ to the employe⒈ Peop⒗

always get rnore resum6s than they wantto deal with,to survive the c吐,ar6sumohas to stand out. You wantthe resume t。 haⅤe the samc punch that you have in

person.’ 丿

10 The next step was to answer“ 〃o quesjons∶“What do you wantto do?”

“VVhat

do you think the employer^looking for?” A11yson rep1忆 d,‘‘I wantto get ajob as

a copywriter in Cleve1and. It’ s the 10th biggest1marke1and I’ d rather work as

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a∞mw血 eriⅡ a sma11er market伍 an have to“ art as a seCretary at a New York

agency,Id匝nk the agencies want someone who shows creativio1who has a strong

personali饥 who isn’ ta△缸d to take risks.”

11 “Then yow resum6needs to do that. And it can. You’ re coⅡ1ing across as

a self-starte△ a prOblem solve⒈ When you actually wⅡ te your吒 sumo,use the 50

language of your neld, ProbleⅡ 1so1ver is a pos⒒ iⅤe teIⅡ I in most nelds,but it

may orrnay not be right￡ or adve⒒ ising。 GiⅤen what you’ve done,you cou1d have

headings for WRITING EXPERIENCE, CREATING ADⅤ ERTISEMENTs,PLANNING PROMOTIoNAL CANIPAIGNs,RESEARCH,and sPEAKING,wⅡh a1ist ofitems under cach one. Ⅱ 55

12 “Your rosumo is going to make you1ook quaⅡ fied. IⅡ ghly quaⅡ Iied.other

students are going to rcad it and say,‘ Butshe has done so much. I haⅤen’ t done

anything.’ They’ re going to fec1justthe way you felt when you said you hadh’ t

done much in the last four years, ]But you have done a1ot. You’ 111ook great in

your resumo. Anyone can,who understands the optioⅡs and who puts in the ume 60

and energy.”

13 Ofco1Ⅱ se,A11yson sti11had to tinker with headⅡ gs,deode what det缸lsto use,

and cxperi1nent with1ayout and spacing.

(Adapted from Locke△ K.O.2006。 BcJsj刀6s夕刀歹

'‘

为彳加1沁rrcr”ε∞ ″″m“n讠cGrjo刀 .

7伍 ed.New York∶ McGraw HⅢ。)

22h the first paragraph,the wⅡ ter mentions A11yson to hgh1ight

A the dimculty ofwⅡ ting a“ sumO

B the relevance ofpart-timejobs h a“ sulne

C the importance ofseekng help in writing a rosumo

23 In wⅡ ting her resum。,A11yson’ s expeⅡ encc in a1aw frn1can be considered as

A iⅡelevant

B insumc1ent

C Lteplaceable

24 The ins饣uctor was impressed w⒒ hA11yson’ s achievement at the resta刂 ant because

A the instmctor can relate to the expeⅡ ence

B AⅡyson has飞Vorked for a reputable restaurant

C A11yson has shown abⅡ ities that suit her ature career

25%s仍″氵vc肋纟c笏莎(line4⑴ means

A tobese1ected

B tobe i11terv忆 wed

C to be recoⅡ vncnded

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cONFmENTIAL+

“ When somethi瑰 is=de⒃Ⅱo-as如呲

'm99汕

(1ine41、 ⒒suggests that

A ithas Ⅱ刨北i1i″

B Liso刂 e。讨ve :C "has appe耐

ˉ

27What doe怂 the h岬￠ say about伍etempIˉo3`臼”oJycr·(1蚰s1'

A It may notsuitthe need§ ofan涎溺 βement agency.

B R灬 曲Ⅱl盯 to self-start∝ `

C 耻desc五bes Allysoo we11‘

⒛ ‰ hsmctor may be des耐bed as

∷ A competentinherjob

B expenenced h羽 ⅧⅡsmg

C aqu耐ned0areer advisOr

z,The nna1.paragraph血 琪确 thnt

·A Allyson wiⅡ be able to Complete her‘ sl1【 JE1彐ut,som

B A11ysom h agai11st the虫血‘“烛m茁

C AllysO1L needs moFe pmcjce

咖 :·

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g笏 σ 矽氵@刀s30rc,37曰 昭 3日sε歹 o刀 砀 ε丿o`JoⅥ″驾

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s鳄 召·

I If it seems like disastcrs are ge钆 ing morc col1mon,it’ s because they are。 Butsome disasters do seem to be affecting us worse-ˉ and not forthe reasons you rnay

think. F1oods and sto.Ⅱ Is haⅤe led to mOst ofthe excess damage∶ :Γhe number of

且ood and storm disasters has gone up by7,4per cent evcry year in recent decades,

aCCording to伍e Centrc for Research on the E五 dem0logy of Disasters。 Of the 5tota1197Π1i11ion peop1e aσ ected by disasters in2007,164Ⅱ 1i11ion were affected

by且 oods.

2 It is tempthg to look at伍 e Ⅱnc-up of stO1⋯s in the Atlant忆 (Hanna,Ike,

JoscphinΘ and blame c1imε1te change for thk虬 ate of afairs。 But thcre o another

inconⅤenient缸uth out there∶ We are gc⒒ ing more vu1nerable to wea伍 er most1y 10

becausc ofwhere we1ive,notjust how we live.

3 In recent decades,peop1e around the world haⅤ e moⅤ ed en massc to big cities

near wate⒈ The population ofbΙiami-Dade County in F1oⅡ da was about150000

in the1930s,a decade fraught、 vith severe hur【 △canes. since1hen,the popu1ation

of⒈压iaⅡ1i-Dade County has rocketed1600per cent to2400000, So伍 e same 15

intens⒒ y hurrlcane today wrcaks a11sorts Of havoc that wOuldn’ t have occt】 rred

had human beings notrnigratcd.

4 If cⅡ mate change is having an effect on the intensities of stor1ns, it’ s not

obvious in the historica1weather data. And、``hatever efect it is having is rnuch,

much smaⅡ er than the efcct of deⅤ elopment a1ong the coast1incs. In fact,ifyou 20

1ook at a11stoHms Ilon△ 1900to2005and imagine we had today’ s popu1ations on

the coasts,you wou1d see thatthe wOrst h11【 1ricane wou1d have actually happened

in1926.

5 Ifit happencd today,the Great⒈汪iaIui sto.Ⅱ I、Vould havc caused$140to$157

bi11on in damages.(HuⅡcane Katrha,thc cost1忆 st stO1Ⅱ Iin U。 S.Ⅱstory,caused 25

$100bⅡⅡon in1osses。 ) “There has bcen no trend in(he number or intens△ y of

stoIⅡ Is at1andfa11since1900,’’says Pieke,a professor ofenviromenta1studies at

the UⅡⅤer盅ty ofCo1orado。“The“o1⋯s伍emselⅤ es haven’ t Changed.”

6 What’ s changed is、Ⅳhat we’Ⅴe put in the stoIⅡ I’s Way. CrOwding together in

coasta1c⒒ ies puts us at Ⅱsk on a fe、〃leⅤ e1s. Firs1it is harder for us to evacuate 30

before a stoIⅡI because ofgod1ock。 And in much ofthe deve1oping world,peop1e

don’t get the kinds of carly w盯 血ngs that AmeⅡ cans get.So largc mlgrant

populatons gct且 ooded out year after yea⒈ That helps exp1ain why A⒍a hⅡ

repeatedly been曲e hardest Ⅱt by山 sasters in recent years.Secondy even fwe

get。11the humans to safe饥 we still have more stufiⅡ harln、 way.So each big 35hu彐Hcane costs rnore than the big one before it eⅤen controⅡing for inIlation.

7 Butthe rnostinsidious efect ofbuⅡ ding condos and industry along the wateris

that we are systematica11ys缸 pping the coasts ofthe protection that used to℃ ushion

the blow ofextreme weathe⒈ Three years aacr Kh缸 na,southe∏1Louisiana is sti11

1osing a footba11field worth ofwetlands eⅤ ery38Ⅱ1inutes. 40

8 “Human beings haⅤe been cleaong away our best protections a11over the

world,’’says Kath1een Tiemey,d“ector of the Na仉 ral Hazards Center at the

U山 er⒍ty of Co1orado,“ The namral protectons are dimin灬 Ⅱng—whether

you’re talking about mangrove forests h areas afFec饴d oy the In山an ocean

tsunan1i or wetlands in the Gu1f Coast or forests,which ofFer protection against 45

lands1ides and Fnuds1ides.”

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9 Before we become hopelessly lostin despai△ howeve△ there k gOod news∶ wecan do someu1ing about this problem。 We can enact rneaningf、11buⅡ ding codes

and stop keephg insurance premiums引限noally low in no。 dz。nes。 But￡阝t

we nced to understand曲 at dsasters aren’ tjust Caused oy FEMA and gTeenhouse 50gases. Says Tiemey∶ “

I don’tthink that people have an understanding ofquestions

they shou1d be asking— ab0ut where伍 ey1iⅤe,about design and construction,

about b碰 lding inspecton,nre pr。 tecton,These just aren’ t thhgs that are on

peop1e’s lninds.”

10 Increasingly,cⅡ mate change is on people’ s rninds,and thatis a11for the bette⒈ 55

Even if cⅡmate change has not been the primary(jbl∶ iver of disaster losses,it is

lⅡ∈(;ly to cause far deadⅡer disasters in the ature if1eR unchecked.

11 “But even ifgreenhouse gas eⅡ1issions p1un11ueted rniracu1ous1y next year,we

wOuld not expectto see a big change in(Ⅱ saster1osses. So it’ s important to stay

focused on the rea1cause of the problem,” says Pieke. ‘‘Talking about land-use 60

polioes h coastal MississⅡm mayn。tbe伍e ho⒒est to9c,but that’ s what、 gongto rnake thc rnost diferencc On this issuc.”

mdapted fr。 mr切彳召,september3,200ω

30 The fo11oⅥ汀ng ideas are found in paragraph1except

A Iloods and sto.⒒ 且s happen Fnore oRen than o伍 er natural disasters

B n。。ds and sto.I.Is are the1nost des“ uctiⅤe ofnatura1disasters

C mostna仅ral disaster Ⅴictims were Ⅴictims offlOods

D dsasters are occuⅡng more frequently

31 .¨切ε@刀 v纟刀招刀r rr,砀 αhe10)refers to

A Ⅱne-up of stoIⅡ Is

B cl订nate change

C where weⅡ ve

D how、ve1ive

32 The rnain idea ofparagraph3is

A the popuIaton OfMhm⒈ Dade County has hcreased largely due to migraton

B huJ忆anes are stronger in inten⒍ ty and cause more destructon than befOre

C the huⅡ icanes h the193Os caused less damage伍 an the ones today

D hu口Hcanes caused more des订 uCtion because ofrnass了nigration'

33 IⅡ storical、veather data shows that

A the great ⅣⅡ盯ni stoIⅡ 1Caused rnore damages than HlIrncane Ka订 ina

B there has been no change in the strengJ1of stoIⅡ Is flon△ 1900to2005

C the number ofhunHcanes has been on the increase since1900

D the1926hur1△ cane was the most destmctivc

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34 Ash o砀 c乃曰喊es矽 屁jr0'湘 ns次″T αhe3θ.The m缸 n reason for tho、

A too1nany people1ive along1he coast

B itisclimcu1tt。 evacuate people

C itis cost1y to reduCe the impact

D there is no early waming syste1n '

35 Which ofthe folloⅥ 泛ng is the topic sentence壬 or paragraph6?

A ″%曰矿jC乃曰ngcd js lo〃‰曰r wchvcP,r切 砀召src,r昭 s㈧唧 ~

B sc,丨α璁 cz″9grc刀r`op笏助切 刀s淫F,知 odedo笏 r`cGr四刃cr`召εr

C Crovo巛^饣

″g rogc饬召r扔 c0箔勿

`c莎

rj邰

`勿

沁 掰 曰r刀s庀 @刀 σ虍 v勋昭 Js’ .

D 1%ε 曰c肋 D哲 肋功〃 jc曰刀0Cos沁 昭o昭 仂曰刀砀εD愆 @刀召Dc/o昭 丸 召※妫 c0刀rro历鳄 /or'矽切 j@刀.

36.¨ l〃召c夕刀Jb s@阴纟砀 J刀g日3o″r刀b沁

``vD及

”m.(1ines47and48).The wⅡter o of伍 e opiⅡ on that

A man尔 responsble for仇e losses caused by namra1山 sasters

B there are Fnore fo1Ⅱ1s ofnatural disasters today

C rnan is powerless against Ⅱamra1tⅡsasters

D natural disasters are ge倪 ing more severe

37 What pointis Pieke n△ⅡoⅡg iⅡ the1ast paragraph?

A Reduce greeⅡ house gasses

B Focus on coastalland-use poⅡ cies

C Expect no change in disasterlosses

D Investigate the reasons￡ or the problem

15

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￡冫狄万莎莎@刀s38ro453邵纟歹o刀 砀cヵ J`@w莎驾

`邻s日g召。

1 N。u1ing1ike it had been attempted before,and eⅤ en NASAs experts wondered

if it could rea11y wOrk。 ]But after rnonitoⅡ ng the data,there was1itt1e doubt that

they had to do somethingˉ -or e1sc lose∞ ntact with their space probe foreve⒈

Launched in1977,Voyager1had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and

Saturn and1hen soared out Ofthe sokr systen1on a oneˉ way Ⅱ1ission to the stars.

But after25years ofexposure to the frigid temperatures ofdeep space,the probe

was begi1Ⅱ1ing to show its age. Sensors and circuits were on the bⅡ nk of faiⅡ ng,

and with the probe 12500bi1Ⅱ on kilome饣 es from Earth there seemed no伍ing

anyOne could do, Unless,that is,the NASA engineers cOuld sOmehow get a

message to Voyager1,instmcting itto dust ofsome spares and use those instead.

2 In ApⅡ 12002,one of曲 c huge ramo dshes be1onging to NAsAs Deep Space

Ne小Ⅳork sent the message out into伍 e depths of space. Even订 aVe11ing at the

speed of lig⒒,it toOk OⅤ er11 hours to reach its targe1far beyond the orbit of

Pluto. Ye1the1itt1e probe managed to hear the ΩⅡnt ca11】lona its home p1ane1

and success血11y made the switch-oⅤ e⒈ It was the longest distance rep碰 r job

in Ⅱstory,and a“umph forthe NASA en￡ 雪ineers.But⒒ also hi￡当h1圯⒒ed the

astonishing power of techniques develOped by an Arne"can communiCations

engineerwhohad diedjustayearearlier,named C1aude Shamon.In the1940s,he

had single-handedly cre狨 ed an entire sc忆 Ⅱce ofcommu血caton Whch has蓝nce

found its way into a host of apphcations,from DVDs to satel1ite cO11muniCation

to barcode-— aη冂d1ere,in sho⒒,where data has to be conveyed rapidly yet

accwatcly.

3 Known as Info】 ⅡIation Theory,it uⅡderpiⅡ s1nany oftoday’ s mostimpo⒒ ant

techno1ogies. ButnOw a who1e Ⅱe、v area of application is s丽 ng to emerge—

one Ⅵ砬th profound implications for the very namre of space and tⅡ ne。 Someof伍e world’ s leading physicists believe that hfoI⋯ ation Theory holds伍 e key

to understanding some of the most profound mysteoes in the cosmOs,ion△ 1hc

nature ofblack ho1es to the very Fncaning ofreaⅡ t∶y、

4 Th沁 a11seemsl屯ht-years awayfromthe down-to-ea⒒huses Shannon oⅡ ghalˇ

had for his wOrk,which began when he was a22-year-o1d graduate engineering

student at the prestigious⒈ 江assachusetts Inst⒈ ute of Techno1ogy in1939. IIe set

out wi伍 an apparently⒍mple缸m∶ to,n down the precise mcaning ofthe cOncept

of“infonnation” ,The mostbasic fo1ⅡI ofinfo1Ⅱ Iajon,Shannon argued,is whether

som汕ing is truc Or fa1se-which can be captured by a single binary mit or“ bir’ ,

of the fo1ⅡI1 or0. HaⅤ ing identified d1is fundamenta1unit,Shannon set about

denning otherwise vague ideas aboutinfo.Ⅱ 1ation and trans1ni⒒ing it丘 onl place to

place. In the process he discoⅤ ered something surprising∶ it is always possible to

guarantee messages get through randorn inference-ˉ ‘‘noise” -ˉ亠ntact. The tnck,

Shannon showed,is to Iind ways of packaging upˉ ˉ‘‘cOding”亠-ˉinfoⅡnation to

cope w"h the ravages ofCode,whⅡ e stⅡ 1staying wi伍 in the infoIⅡ Iation-ca臼、砬ng

capacity—‘‘bandwidth’

’-—ofthe communic乱 ion system.

5 Shannon a1so laid the foundations for efncient ways of stoⅡ ng infoIⅡ .ation,

by血 pping out unnecessaryˉ J‘redundanr9— bits from data which con仂 ibuted

Ⅱ优1e rea1info1Ⅱ .ation.As1nobⅡ e phone text-messages1ike‘ △CN C U” show,

it is oftcn possib1e to stnp out a lot of data withOut1oshη g much meaning. As

with eⅡ or-coⅡeCtion,howeⅤ er,there’ sa1iInit beyond which messages become

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too ambiguous。 shannon showed how to calculate this1iInit,opening the way to

the des廴罗1ofcompression Fnethods that cram maxhnum info.I【 .ation into Fnini1nal

space.

6 Not surpⅡ sing1y,Shannon’s pubⅡ ca伍on in1948ofA l汀athematica1Theory of 50

CoⅡⅡnunicationwas quicklyrecognised as atuΠ 1ing-pointintechnologicalhistory.

Yet shallnon Ⅱmselfre血 sed to take partin what he saw as hype。 Iro"cally,hints

were already emerging伍 at Info...1at0n Theory was eⅤen ugger由 an eⅤen“s

most en伍usiastic advocates beheⅤ ed。

(Adapted frOm Robert Matthew岛 25B哲 砌 四召,Oneworld Oxford,2006)

38 Which ofthe fo11owhg is not an obstacle that cou1d prevent NASA from making contact wi伍

Voyager1?

A Dotance from earth

B Lack ofspare pads

C Low temperamres

D Age ofVoyager1

39 The wnter cites the example ofVoyager1to highⅡ ght

A theh圯hly spe。 al跽ed work ofNASA en纽 neers

B the spectacuIarimages sent ofh∮ter and Sattlm

C the successa】 l appⅡ cation ofinfoI11Iation technology

D thedi伍 cu1ties invo1ved in cO11ml】 nicating with Voyager1

40 The1nain idea ofparagraph2is

A byager1was repa“ du⒍ng eⅡo⒈coⅡeCtion signals

B theemc1ency ofNAs'rs Deep Space Ne“ 〃ork

C the power ofsateⅡ ite cor1munication

D how datacou1d be sentra【 冫idly

41The word'矽 (1ine21)as used in the passage s屯 nals that some伍 hg o

A unusual

B surpⅡ蛀ng

C impossible

D predictable

42 The fo11oⅥ泛ng discoveries were rnade by Shannon except

A stoⅡng data emcienuy t。 be transmitted

B Ⅱenti彤 ing of伍e smallest element ofinfo.⋯ aton through a⒍ ngle binary u血 t

C codiη g ofinfo.Ⅱ1ation to cope Ⅵ注th h1terference so that the message remains intact

D designing ofcompression IⅡ ethodsto cram max虹 n1Ⅱ n△ infO.ⅡIation into Ⅱlinhnun△ space

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43The诵“⒍m奇Ⅱons the text-meoζ 0ge‘叮cNC u?to殂hsiate

A amb螅讧ty ofInessages

B the oxtcnt ofoⅡ or ooJe⒍on ∶ ∷

c em⒍ ent st。Fage ofⅡ x仁messages ∶ 1

D 负o procρ ss ofdata s“ pp1og ∶

44The wOrd姒阼 (l仉 5纷 refe^” some预鸭 th甜 shamⅡ considers b be

A popular

∶∷B oveJated ∷ ∶

C controver“ al

D ex△aon曲nary

45 A su⒈蓖b1e tiue f。 r the passage灬

A the ntuFe°finn"盯na吐on techno1ogy

B 伍0impact ofinfo.u.耐 o11teGhno1ogy

C the begilⅡ lings ofhJkⅪηnajon technology

D the apphcation° finfo△臼已ⅡoⅡ technology

800/3/M艹ihk quo血 on paper“ CONFIDENTIAL血 ti1伍e忆斑恫凼∝ ∷ CONFIDENⅡ 囚r