malaysian research and development classification system third ...
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MALAYSIAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM THIRD EDITION Malaysian Science and Technology Information Centre (MASTIC) Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment Malaysia December 1998
Transcript of malaysian research and development classification system third ...
MALAYSIAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
THIRD EDITION
Malaysian Science and Technology Information Centre (MASTIC)
Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment Malaysia
December 1998
Comments
Your comments on this revised system and specific classifications would be appreciated. Comments and/or queries should be addressed to:
The Secretary General
Ministry of Science, Technology & the Environment
14th Floor, Wisma Sime Darby
Jalan Raja Laut,
50662 Kuala Lumpur
(Attention: MASTIC)
Introduction
The Malaysian Research and Development Classification System (MRDCS) is a document produced by MASTIC for the purpose of categorising research and development (R&D) activities carried out in Malaysia. This classification will be used by MASTIC in its national R&D survey to categorise related R&D activities undertaken by Government Research Institutes, Institutes of Higher Learning, private sector and Non Profit Organisations in Malaysia.
It is hoped that MRDCS would be used as the main reference for R&D classification system in Malaysia and be utilised by all concerned including industries for the purpose of classifying their R&D projects. This will not only facilitate the systematic compilation and reporting of R&D information but will also provide consistent comparison of the progress of various R&D activities in
the Malaysia. In addition, it allows a more meaningful international benchmarking, as the classification contained in this document was adapted from international classification.
To follow international recognised systems, this classification was largely adapted from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys of Research and Experimental Development, ‘Frascati Manual’, 1993.
It is designed to classify R&D activities both according to Field of Research (FOR) and Socio-economic Objective (SEO) so that R&D activities in Malaysia could be evaluated and analysed not only from their field and academic discipline but also the purpose of such research. They are: -
i). Field of Research (FOR)
This allows the classification of R&D activities be categorised based on their actual field of research or academic discipline. It is meant to examine the nature of the R&D itself irrespective of its purpose. There are currently 126 discreet FOR classifications.
ii). Socio-economic Objective (SEO)
This classification will enable R&D undertaken be categorised and evaluated according to its objective. It is recognised that classifying R&D activities based on SEO is sometime quite subjective and may show some variation according to priority and profile. There are currently 150 discreet of SEO classifications.
This is the third edition of the MRDCS and has been prepared by MASTIC in collaboration with the MRDCS Taskforce group which comprises of members from related Government Agencies and Institutes of Higher Learning.
Examples
For instance, R&D in nuclear physics would be classified under FOR as: -
• Atomic, molecular, nuclear, particle and plasma physics (FOR : F10203)
However, the SEO of such activity could be a number of alternatives, such as:
• Weapons production (S10101 - Defence) • Nuclear fission (S20405 - Nuclear energy) • Food preservation (S20601 - Processed food products and beverages) • Mapping the flow of large streams through the use of radioisotopes
(S40301 - Environmental management)
Similarly, activity directed toward the oil palm industry would be classified under SEO as:
• Plantation crops (S20102)
However, there are a number of distinct scientific disciplines from FOR code directed toward this industry, such as:
• Organic chemistry (F10303) • Resources-base industry (F10605) • Botany (F10804) • Horticulture (F10903) etc.
It is obvious form the above examples that the use of an FOR classification alone only gives half (or even less) of the story, whereas the addition of the SEO
classification provides a much clearer picture of the activity. The reverse (SEO without FOR) provides a similarly restricted picture.
FIELD OF RESEARCH (FOR)
Classification
Definition:
This classification allows R&D activity to be categorised according to the field of research undertaken. In this respect, it is the nature of the R&D itself which is being examined rather than the activity of the performing unit or the purpose of the R&D.
It consists of a set of discrete categories which identify such research field. These fields include recognised academic disciplines and related major sub-fields taught at universities or tertiary institutions, major fields or research investigated by national research institutions and organisations, and emerging areas of study. It reflects the expansion of research activity particularly in information, computer and communication technologies, the applied science and technologies, the biological and other life science, mathematics, the social science and the humanities.
Structure of the FOR Classification
The classification is arranged in a hierarchical order. The classification of FOR has 2 divisions, 15 categories and 126 groups. The divisions and categories are as follows: -
Division 1: Natural Sciences, Technologies and Engineering
Category F10100 Mathematical Sciences
Category F10200 Physical Sciences
Category F10300 Chemical Sciences
Category F10400 Earth Science
Category F10500 Information, Computer and Communication Technology
Category F10600 Applied Sciences and Technologies
Category F10700 Engineering Sciences
Category F10800 Biological Sciences
Category F10900 Agricultural Sciences
Category F11000 Medical and Health Sciences
Category F11100 Environmental Sciences
Category F11200 Material Sciences
Category F11300 Marine Sciences
Division 2: Social Science and Humanities
Category F20100 Social Sciences
Category F20200 Humanities
Guidelines for Classifying R&D by FOR
In order to ensure correct and consistent use of FOR classification system, each and every R&D project should be allocated to a FOR area. This is achieved by first determining the division in which the research is performed, then the most relevant category within that division. This is followed by the determination of the most appropriate group within the identified category of research and then the most relevant area within that group.
It is of paramount importance to first of all identify the highest level of classifications as some areas, although within different categories, may have identical titles.
Instructions:
Choose the FOR classification which most appropriately describes the scientific discipline you are practising.
DIVISION 1 : NATURAL SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGIES AND ENGINEERING
Group Area
Category F10100 Mathematical Sciences
F10101 Pure mathematics
Algebraic structures
Approximation theory
Fourier analysis
Functional theory
Geometry
Group theory
Harmonic analysis
Mathematical logic
Number theory
Operator theory
Potential theory
Set theory
Topology
Other pure mathematics
F10102 Applied mathematics
Analysis of algorithms
Artificial intelligence
Classical mechanics
Computational theory
Control theory
Differential equations
Electromagnetism
Fluids
Fuzzy logic
Integral equations
Numerical analysis
Optics
Optimisation
Theory of computation
Other applied mathematics
F10103 Statistics
Applied statistics
Probability theory
Statistical theory
Stochastic analysis
Stochastic modelling
Other statistics
F10199 Other mathematical sciences not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category F10200 Physical Sciences
F10201 Astronomical sciences
Astronomy
Astrophysics
Cosmic ray physics
Other astronomical sciences
F10202 Theoretical and condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics
Crystallography
Theoretical physics
Other theoretical and condensed matter physics
F10203 Atomic, molecular, nuclear, particle and plasma physics
Atomic physics
Electrical discharges
Fluids physics
Molecular physics
Nuclear physics
Particle physics
Plasma physics
Radiation physics
Other atomic, molecular, nuclear, particle and plasma physics
F10204 Acoustic and optical physics
Acoustics
Liquid crystal display
Optical & opto electrical physics
Opto acoustic and opto thermal phenomena
Opto acoustical physics
Opto electronic lens & filters
Quantum optics
Sensors
Other acoustic and optical physics
F10205 Solid State physics
Surface physics
Other solid state physics
F10299 Other physical sciences not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category F10300 Chemical Sciences
F10301 Physical chemistry (including theoretical and structural)
Chemical energetic
Chemical spectroscopy
Chemical thermodynamics
Chemistry of catalysis
Colloid chemistry
Electrochemistry
Mechanisms of reactions
Polymer chemistry
Structural chemistry
Surface chemistry
Theoretical chemistry
Other physical chemistry
F10302 Inorganic chemistry
Bioinorganic chemistry
Main group chemistry
Organometallic chemistry
Solid state chemistry
Transition metal chemistry
Other inorganic chemistry
F10303 Organic chemistry
Bio-organic chemistry
Organic chemical synthesis
Physical organic chemistry
Other organic chemistry
F10304 Analytical chemistry
Analytical nuclear chemistry
Bioassay methods
Chemical & physical methods
Chemometrics
Computational chemistry
Extraction technology
Immuno & bioassay methods
Instrumentation methods
Trace chemical analysis
Water treatment
Other analytical chemistry
F10305 Speciality Chemicals
Fine chemical
Novel chemicals
Radiation chemistry
Radiochemistry
Rare metal recovery
Super critical fluid technologies
Other speciality chemical
F10399 Other chemical sciences not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category F10400 Earth Sciences
F10401 Geology
Biostratigraphy
Geochronology
Geomorphology
Geotectonics
Glaciology
Mineralogy
Ore deposit petrology
Palaeontology
Palynology
Petroleum geology
Sedimentology
Structural geology
Volcanology
Other geology
F10402 Geophysics
Atmospheric physics
Earthquake
Electromagnetism & Geomagnetism
Explosion
Geomechanics
Gravity
Petrophysics
Radiometric
Seismology
Stratigraphy
Other geophysics
F10403 Geochemistry
Exploration geochemistry
Inorganic geochemistry
Isotope geochemistry
Organic geochemistry
Other geochemistry
F10404 Oceanography
Biological oceanography
Chemical oceanography
Physical oceanography
Other oceanography
F10405 Hydrology
Ground water hydrology
Hydraulic system
Surface water hydrology
Other hydrology
F10406 Atmospheric sciences
Climatology
Ionosphere physics
Magnetosphere physics
Meteorology
Palaeoclimatology
Other atmospheric sciences
F10499 Other earth sciences not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category F10500 Information, Computer & Communication Technologies
F10501 Information systems
Artificial intelligence (AI)
Cognitive science
Compression techniques
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Computer graphics
Cryptography
Data warehouse
Electronic commerce
Encryption system
Expert System
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Image processing
Information systems management
Interface design
Internet Portal
Multimedia
Object Oriented Technology
Parallel architecture
Parallel processing
Robotics
Search engine
Security system
Speech recognition
Telemedicine
Virtual Reality
Other information systems
F10502 Hardware
Antenna design
Arithmetic structures
Board design
Data communications
Digital Compression techniques
Display devices
Input devices
Integrated circuits
Logic design
Logic structures
Microelectronics
Mobile communication devices
Multimedia systems
Optical computing
Output services
Processor design
Radio Frequency design (RF design)
Wafer technology
Wireless devices
Other hardware
F10503/b> Software
Computer languages
Computer aided system
Geographical information system (GIS)
Operating systems
Programming techniques
Simulation system
Software engineering
Other software
F10504 Current information technology
Artificial intelligence
Digital image processing
Digital signal processing & applications
Knowledge base
Logic database
Logic programming
Man-machine interfacing
Mobile computing
Natural language
Search engine
Other current information technology
F10505 Communication
Antenna technology
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Audio/ voice communication
Broadband networks
Broadcasting
Digital systems
Digital wireless communication and technologies
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC
Ethernet
Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Gigabyte Ethernet
Global wireless technology
High speed switching
Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)
Layer 3 routers (switching routers)
Microwave communications technology
Millimetre wave communication technology
Mobile network technologies
Optical systems
OSI 7-layer model
Packet Switched Networks (PSN)
Photonic systems
Radio communications
Remote sensing
RF component design and engineering
Routers
Satellite communications
Software development
Switched Ethernet
Telemetry
Token - ring
Video conferencing
Videotext
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Other communication
F10506 Security system
Authentication system
Biometrics security system
Expert systems
Neutral Network
Smart system
Web technology
Web-TV (Internet TV)
Other security system
F10599 Other information, computer & communication technologies not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category F10600 Applied Sciences and Technologies
F10601 Aerospace technologies and engineering
Advance materials-composite special alloys
Aeronautical engineering aerodynamics
Avionics
Remote sensing
Satellite technology
Other aerospace technologies and engineering
F10602 Manufacturing and process technologies and engineering
Alkalisation process
CAD/CAM systems
Control engineering
Flexible manufacturing systems
Manufacturing technologies
Material processing technology
Membrane technologies
Risk assessment
Roasting techniques
Robotics & mechatronics
Separation technologies
Structural/ architectural
Textile technology
Welding sciences
Other manufacturing and process technologies and engineering
F10603 Nuclear technology
Ionising radiation technology
Non-ionising radiation technology
Radiation processing
Other nuclear technology
F10604 Educational technology
Computer base training
Web base courses
Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)
Other educational technology
F10605 Resource-based industry/b>
Food industry
Minerals
Oil
Petroleum
Rubber
Wood & non wood-based forest products
Other resource-based industry
F10606 Energy Industry
Biomass energy technology +
Coal energy technology
Electrical generation & supply
Energy conservation
Fuel cell technology
Natural gas technology
Solar energy technology
Transportation
Other energy industry
F10607 Industrial design
Design engineering
Other industrial design
F10608 Water technology
Control devices
Pipe material
Water meters
Water retaining structures
Water treatment chemicals
Other water technology
F10699 Other applied sciences and technologies not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category F10700 Engineering Sciences
F10701 Mechanical and industrial engineering
Automotive engineering
Combustion and fuel engineering
Hydraulic engineering
Industrial engineering
Mechanical engineering
Mechanical fermentation and drying
Mechanisation for crop alteration
Mechanisation in harvesting
Other mechanical and industrial engineering
F10702 Chemical engineering
Biomedical engineering
Catalyst chemicals
Chemical engineering design
Chemical/ physical modification
Fluid mechanics
Fluidisation
Heat/ mass transfer operations
Indigenous raw materials
Industrial chemicals
Plan design and testing
Process control/ transfer
Process simulation
Separation process
Other chemical engineering
F10703 Mining and mineral processing
Geomechanics
Mining engineering
Petroleum engineering
Reservoir engineering
Other mining and mineral processing
`
F10704 Civil engineering
Foundation engineering
Geotechnical engineering
Safety engineering
Infrastructural engineering
Surveying
Other civil engineering
F10705 Electrical and electronic engineering
Communication engineering
Discrete devices
Electrical engineering
Electronic engineering
Integrated circuits
Multimedia engineering
Power engineering
Other electrical and electronic engineering
F10706 Agriculture Engineering
Agriculture farm structure
By-product utilisation
Irrigation engineering
Soil water engineering
Pharmaceutical
Other agriculture engineering
F10707 Food Engineering
Food engineering unit operations
Food plant and machinery design
Food process control & automation
Food transfer process
Packaging technology
Physical properties of food materials
Other food engineering
F10708 Environmental Engineering
Sanitary engineering
Other environmental engineering
F10709 Nuclear engineering and radiation technology
Irradiation effect
Nuclear engineering
Safety assurance
Other nuclear engineering and radiation technology
F10710 Mechanisation and design engineering
Agricultural mechanisation
Instrumentation and control
Machinery design
System modelling
Automotive engineering
Production engineering
Interface design
Other mechanisation and design engineering
F10711 Maritime Technology
Marine engineering
Marine transportation
Naval architecture
Ocean engineering
Offshore engineering
Ship and platform structure
Special vehicles
Other maritime engineering
F10799 Other engineering sciences not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category F10800 Biological Sciences
F10801 Biochemistry
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Pathways
Peptides
Proteins
Other biochemistry
F10802 Genetics and molecular biology
Cytogenetics
Heredity
Molecular cell biology
Molecular genetics
Population genetics
Recombinant DNA techniques
Other genetics and molecular biology
F10803 Microbiology
Bacteriology
Mycology
Parasitology
Virology
Other microbiology
F10804 Botany
Psychology
Plant pathology
Plant taxonomy
Other botany
F10805 Zoology
Anatomy
Animal taxonomy
Entomology
Ethnology
Histology
Immunology
Neurobiology
Physiology
Other zoology
F10806 Ecology
Freshwater ecology
Limnology
Marine ecology
Palaeoecology
Terrestrial ecology
Other ecology
F10807 Genetic engineering
Biosafety
Gene Isolation
Gene probes
Gene sequencing
Gene transformation
Molecular biology
Polyploidization
Transgenic studies
Other genetic engineering
F10808 Biotechnology
Biochemical
Biocontrol
Biopesticides
Biosynthesis
Biotransformation
Cell culture technology
Cryopreservation
DNA probes technology
Enzyme technology
Immunology
Industrial biotechnology and food sciences
Marine biotechnology
Medical biotechnology
Microbial biotechnology
Micropropagation techniques
Plant and animal biotechnology
Semantic dicaryotiozation
Tissue culture
Vaccine technology
Other biotechnology
F10899 Other biological sciences not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category F10900 Agricultural Sciences
F10901 Soil and water sciences
Applied hydrology
Drainage
Irrigation
Plant nutrition
Soil & land degradation
Soil biology
Soil chemistry
Soil physics
Other soil and water sciences
F10902 Crop and pasture production (including rice)
Agronomy
Crop nutrition
Crop pathology
Farm mechanisation
Pasture nutrition
Pasture physiology
Plant pests & pathogens
Plant protection
Pre and post harvest technologies (transportation & storage)
Root studies
Soil fertility
Weed sciences
Other crop and pasture production
F10903 Horticulture (including plantation and fruit crops)
Floriculture
Fruit crops
Oenology
Ornamental horticulture
Plantation crops
Pomology
Vegetable culture
Other horticulture
F10904 Animal production
Animal growth & development
Animal health
Animal husbandry
Animal nutrition
Animal pests & pathogens
Animal reproduction
Breeds and breeding
Other animal production
F10905 Veterinary sciences
Anaesthesiology
Antigen
Avian
Bacteriology
Biologics
Clinical science
Epidemiology
Immunochemistry
Immunology
Medicine
Obstetrics & theriogenology
Parasitology
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Public health & zoonosis
Radiology
Surgery
Therapeutics
Virology
Wildlife & zoo animal diseases
Other veterinary sciences
F10906 Forestry science
Agroforestry
Breeding
Diseases
Environment
Fire management
Forest management
Forest products
Habitat management
Pests
Silviculture
Soil and land improvement
Wildlife management
Other forestry sciences
F10907 Fisheries sciences
Capture fisheries
Fisheries ecology and conservation
Fisheries sciences
Inland fisheries
Marine bioproducts synthesis
Marine fisheries
Oil spill bioremediation
Ornamental/ aquarium fish and plants
Recreational fisheries
Other fisheries sciences
F10908 Food and nutrition development
Biochemical processing
Crystallisation
Development of speciality product
Food emulsion products
Food Sciences
Improvement of finish products
Nutrition value and benefits
Pilot testing and technology
Production modelling
Other food and nutrition development
F10909 Aquaculture
Aquatic environment
Diseases of aquatic organisms
Farming of aquatic organisms
Husbandry of aquatic organisms
Other Aquaculture
F10910 Plant physiology
Crop modelling and assimilation
Crop physiology
Crop-water relationship
Hormonal control and inflorescence, bunch and root growth
Leaf gas exchange
Pasture physiology
Physicochemical assimilation
Plant and water relation
Post harvest physiology
Radiation interception
Reduction of juvenile period
Seasonal fruit types
Seasonally of inflorescence, bunch and root growth
Translocation for the formation of end-products
Other physiology (agriculture)
F10999 Other agricultural sciences not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category F11000 Medical and Health Sciences
F11001 Immunology
Allergy
Cellular immunology
Humoral immunology
Immunochemistry
Immunogenetics
Transplantation immunology
Tumour immunology
Other immunology
F11002 Medical biochemistry and clinical chemistry
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Peptides
Proteins
Other medical biochemistry and clinical chemistry
F11003 Medical microbiology
Bacteriology
Mycology
Parasitology
Virology
Other medical microbiology
F11004 Pharmacology
Clinical pharmacology
Medical pharmacology
Pharmaceutical field
Pharmaceutical research
Pharmaceutical technology
Pharmacy
Radiopharmacology
Radiotoxicology
Therapeutics
Traditional medicine and natural product
Other pharmacology
F11005 Physiology
Cell physiology
Comparative physiology
Exercise/ physical fitness
Human biophysics
Stress physiology
Systems physiology
Other physiolog
F11006 Neurosciences
Autonomic nervous system
Cell receptors
Cellular nervous system
Central nervous system
Mechanism of tissue damage
Molecular characterisation
Peripheral nervous system
Sensory systems
Other neurosciences
F11007 Clinical sciences
Allergies
Anaesthesia
Arthritis
Carcinogenesis
Cardiology
Child health
Dentistry
Dermatology
Endocrinology
Fetal development
Fetal medicine
Gastroenterology
Geriatrics
Gynaecology
Hearing therapy
Haematology
Infectious/ communicable diseases
Intensive care
Medical genetics
Neonatology
Nephrology
Neurology
Neuromuscular diseases
Nuclear medicine
Obstetrics
Occupational therapy
Oncology
Ophthalmology
Optometry
Oral surgery
Organ imaging
Orthopaedics
Otolaryngology
Pathology
Paediatrics
Pharmaceuticals
Pharmacy
Physical therapy
Psychiatry
Psychology
Radiotherapy
Rehabilitation
Reproduction
Respiratory diseases
Rheumatology
Speech therapy
Surgery
Therapy
Urology
Venereology
Other clinical sciences
Radiology
F11008 Public health, environmental & occupational health & safety research
Air quality
Drinking water quality
Environmental protection & health impact
Epidemiology
Food quality
Health & safety (occupational)
Health information systems
Infant Immunisation
Injuries
Mental health
Preventive medicine
Primary health care
Radiation health & safety
Solid waste management
Urban health
Vector borne diseases
Waste water collection & treatment
Other public health, etc
F11009 Nutrition (public health research)
Clinical epidemiological
Laboratory
Toxicology
Other nutrition (public health research)
F11010 Health services research (including bioethics)
Bioethics (human)
Education (health)
Health & community services
Health care administration
Health education & promotion
Health systems management
Human bioethics
Mortality and morbidity studies
Nursing
Other health services
F11011 Health cares system, industries and technologies.
Biomechanics
Delivery systems
Emergency medicine
Health legislation
Health rehabilitation service
Human resource development
Innovative technology
Medical biotechnology
Medical technology
Quality control of medical diagnostic instruments
Quality of life
Other health care system, industries and technologies
F11012 Pharmaceutical industry
Botanical pesticides
Photochemical
Purification technology
Screening technology
Synthesis technology
Other pharmaceutical industry
F11099 Other medical and health services not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category F11100 Environmental Sciences
F11101 Environmental studies
Aquatic environment
Environmental protection
Epidemiological database
Remote sensing
Natural ecosystem
Nutrient removal process
Sediment transport and sitting
Water Quality Simulation Modelling
Water Resources Study
Other environmental studies
F11102 Environment technology/industry
Biodegradable packaging
Environmental friendly products and technologies
Gaseous treatment
Geographical Information System (GIS)
Incineration
Landscape technology
Organic waste treatment
Pollution control products
Pollution sensing devices
Reduction of bad-odour
Reduction of noise and vibration
Steep slopes and hill development technology
Water and wastewater treatment technology
Zero-discharge technologies
Integrated system & building
Other environment technology/ industry
Tropicalisation of products and process
F11103 Environmental issues and assessment
Air pollution
Health impacts
Heavy metal waste
Industrial gases
Industrial wastewater
Ozone depletion
Sound pollution
Waste
Wastewater
Water pollution
Other environmental issues and assessment
F11104 Environmental management and bioremediation
Catchment management
Drinking water quality standard
Environment standard
Environmental impact
Pollution control
Solid waste management
Waste bioremediation
Waste management
Other environmental management and bioremediation
F11199 Other environmental science not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category F11200 Material Sciences
F11201 Electronic materials
Catalysis and surface chemistry
Coating Materials
Electrochemical materials
Magnetic materials
Minimisation of hazardous materials
Opto electronic materials
Regeneration and recycling techniques
Semiconductor materials
Superconductor materials
Other electronic materials
F11202 Functional materials
Adhesives
Coating and finishing
Electronic and electro-optical materials
Magnetic materials
Optical materials
Other functioning materials
F11203 Polymeric materials
Adhesive, coating and ink
Elastomers
Inorganic polymers
Membranes
Polymer composites
Other polymers
F11204 New materials and technologies
Biomaterials
Ceramics
Composite materials
Extractive metallurgy
Hydrometallurgy
Metallurgy
Metals and metal alloy materials
Non-destructive testing
Optical materials
Physical metallurgy
Polymer alloy materials
Polymer compounds
Pyrometallurgy
Textile compounds
Other new materials and technologies
F11299 Other material science not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category F11300 Marine Sciences
F11301 Marine biology
F11302 Algae biotechnology
F11303 Fishing technology
F11304 Marine chemistry
F11399 Other marine sciences not elsewhere classified
DIVISION 2 : SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
Group Area
Category F20100 Social Sciences
F20101 Accounting
Accountability
Accounting education
Accounting information system
Accounting regulation
Accounting standards
Accounting systems
Auditing
Behavioural accounting
Financial accounting
Human resource accounting
International accounting
Islamic accounting
IT and accounting
Management accounting
Natural resource accounting
Not-for-profit accounting
Private sector accounting
Public sector accounting
Taxation
Zakat accounting
Other accounting
F20102 Economics
Agricultural economics
Econometrics
Economic history
Economic modelling & forecasting
Economic theory
Environmental economics
Health economics
Industrial economics
International economics
Islamisation of economic institutions
Labour economics
Natural resource economics
Public finance
Public sector economics
Regional economics
Resource economics
Welfare economics
Other economics
F20103 Management studies
Agribusiness
Agricultural management
Crisis & risk management
Entrepreneurial studies
Entrepreneurship
Environmental management
Human resource development (HRD)
Human resource management (HRM)
Industrial relations
International business management
Islamic management
Management information system
Marketing
Multimedia management
Operational management
Organisational studies
Purchasing
S&T management
Strategic management
Techno-economics
Total quality management (TQM)
Other management studies
F20104 Political sciences and public policy
Conflict resolution
Comparative politics
Federalism
Foreign policy
International relations
Islamic of political system
Local government studies
Policy studies
Public policy & administration
Strategic studies
Other political sciences and public policy
F20105 Architecture and habitat
Architecture & urban environment
Housing issues
Landscape management
Public issues
Rural environment
Town & country planning
Urban planning & management
Other architecture and habitat
F20106 Sociology
Criminology
Class studies
Developmental sociology
Deviance
Ethics
Ethnic/ race relations
Future studies
Gender studies
Industrial sociology
Islamisation and socialisation
Migrant workers
Modernity studies
Nation building
Social classes and stratification
Social policy
Social theory
Social work and administration
Sociology of development
Urban studies
Other sociology
F20107 Archaeology and history
Archaeology and classical study (Asian or otherwise)
Marine archaeology
Material culture
Palaeography
Prehistory
Other archaeology and history
F20108 Geograph
Economic geography
Environmental geography
Human geography
Regional geography
Social & cultural geography
Transportation economics
Urban studies
Natural resource
Other geography
F20109 Population studie
Demography
Fertility trends
Migration
Mortality trends
Population policy
Other population studies
F20110 Law
Adat law
Administrative law
Commercial law
Constitutional law
Contract law
Copyrights
Criminal law
Customary law
Cyber law
Diat and torts law
Environmental law
Family law
Intellectual property
International law
Islamic family law
Jurisprudence
Labour law
Legal history
Maritime law
Patents
Syariah law
Other law
F20111 Psychology
Abnormal psychology
Biological psychology
Clinical psychology
Cognition
Comparative psychology
Counselling
Developmental psychology
Industrial psychology
Islamic psychology
Neuropsychology
Organisational psychology
Performance
Personality
Psychometrics
Psychopharmacology
Sensory & perception
Social psychology
Testing & evaluation
Other psychology
F20112 Education
Corporatisation
Curriculum development
Distance learning
Education management
Education structure
Education system
Educational sociology
Educational technology
Ethics & moral education
History of education
Life-long education
Non-formal education
Philosophy of education
Pre-school education
Private and public education
Sociology of education
Teacher education
Tele-education through satellite
Tertiary education
Other education
F20113 Media and communications studies
Advertising
Broadcasting
Censorship
Film
Information studies
International communications
Interpersonal communications
Journalism
Librarianship
Media impact
Persuasion
Political communications
Public relation
Telecommunication
Other media and communication studies
F20114 Finance
Banking
Capital market
Corporate finance
Finance companies
Financial engineering
Insurance
International finance
Islamic banking
Islamic finance
Off-shore finance
Stock brooking
Venture capital
Other finance
F20115 Anthropology
Cultural anthropology
Ethnography
Indigenous peoples
Minority groups
Orang Asli
Physical anthropology
Social anthropology
Other anthropology
F20116 Transportation studies
F20117 Emerging issues
Emerging fields
Future studies
Impact studies
Trade environment
Other emerging issues
F20118 Technology management
Appropriate technology
Intellectual property rights
R&D management
Science and technology management
Technology and assessment
Technology and civilisation
Technology and development
Technology and law
Technology commercialisation
Technology diffusion
Technology indicators
Technology policy studies
Technology transfer
Other technology
F20119 Tourism
Public policy
Development
Eco-Tourism studies
Hospitality management
Leisure studies
Park & recreation
Support services
Heritage management
Community development
Social cultural
Impact studies
Tourism & technologies
Tourism & transport
Tourism & economy
Tourism planning
Tourism facilities
Other tourism
F20199/b> Other social sciences not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category F20200 Humanities
F20201 Language and literature
Applied linguistics
Asian and other Muslim languages
Asian literature
Comparative literature
Genre studies (literature)
Lexicography
Linguistics
Literary theory
Malay language
Malay literature
Malaysian languages
Malaysian literature
Semantics
Translation
Other language and literature (Arabic, urdu etc.)
F20202 Historical and civilisation studies
Biography
Constitutional history of Malaysia
Cultural history
Development of administration
Economic & commercial history of Malaysia
Emergence of the third world
Foreign policy
History of civilisations
History of local government of Malaysia
History of political development in Malaysia
Malay historiography
Malay society
Malay world
Methods and ideas of history
Muslim history
Muslim society
Nationalism In Southeast Asia and Malaysia
Prehistory of Southeast Asia
Other historical and civilisation studies
F20203 Philosophy
Applied philosophy
Ethics
History & philosophy
Islamisation of knowledge
Logic
Metaphysics
Social philosophy
Other philosophy
F20204 Arts and culture
Ceramic arts
Costumes
Design studies
Drama
Filming tradition
Islamic calligraphy
Metal handicraft arts and tradition
Popular culture
Theatre
Traditional architecture
Traditional arts & culture
Traditional performing arts
Visual arts
Weaving, batik and dress traditional
Wood carving tradition
Other arts and culture
F20205 Religious studies
Comparative religion
Deviance
Ijtihad & tajdid (religious revivalism)
Missionary & propagation studies
Moral (Akhlaq)
Quranic and hadis studies
Religion & civilisation
Religion and modernisation
Religious education
Religious issues
Ummatic studies
Other religious studies
F20206 Dances
Traditional/Classical dances
Modern dances
Other dance
F20207 Music
Traditional/classical music
Modern music
Other music
F20299 Other humanities not elsewhere classified
SOCIO-ECONOMIC OBJECTIVE (SEO)
Classification
Definition:
This classification allows R&D data to be classified according to the researcher's perceived purpose (i.e. who benefits form the research). The purpose categories take account of processes, products, health, education and other social and environmental aspects of particular interest.
Classifying R&D activity using SEO codes is rather subjective; i.e. the category is chosen by the data provider to indicate the main purpose of R&D.
Structure of the SEO Classification
The classification is arranged in a hierarchical order. The classification of SEO has 5 divisions, 20 categories and 150 groups. The divisions and categories are as follows: -
Division 1: Defence
Category S10100 Defence
Division 2: Economic Development
Category S20100 Plant Production and Plant Primary Products
Category S20200 Animal Production and Animal Primary Products
Category S20300 Mineral Resources (excluding energy)
Category S20400 Energy Resources
Category S20500 Energy Supply
Category S20600 Manufacturing
Category S20700 Construction
Category S20800 Transport
Category S20900 Information and Communication Services
Category S21000 Commercial Services
Category S21100 Economic Framework
Category S21200 Natural Resources
Division 3: Society
Category S30100 Health
Category S30200 Education and Training
Category S30300 Social Development and Community Services
Division 4: Environment
Category S40100 Environmental Knowledge
Category S40200 Environmental Aspects of Development
Category S40300 Environmental Management and Other Aspects
Division 5: Advancement of Knowledge
Category S50100 Natural Sciences, Technologies and Engineering
Guidelines for Classifying R&D by SEO
Category S50200 Social Sciences and Humanities
In order to ensure correct and consistent use of SEO classification system, each and every R&D project should be allocated to a SEO area. This is achieved by first determining the division in which the research is performed, then the most relevant category within that division. This is followed by the determination of the most appropriate group within the identified category of research and then the most relevant area within that group.
It is of paramount importance to first of all identify the highest level of classifications as some areas, although within different categories, may have identical titles.
Instructions:
Choose the SEO classification which most appropriately describes the sector of the national economy which will be the main beneficiary of the R&D you are practising.
DIVISION 1 : DEFENCE
Group Area
Category S10100 Defence
S10101 Defence
Aeronautics
Communication system
Electronics
Materials
Remote sensing system
Surveillance
Weapon systems
Other defence
S10102 Defence Equipment
Artificial intelligence
Explosives
Guided system
Laser
Material
Propulsion
Sensor
Other defence equipment
S10199 Other defence not elsewhere classified
DIVISION 2 : ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Group Area
Category S20100 Plant Production and Plant Primary Products
S20101 Field crops
Cereal crops
Legumes
Oilseed
Sugar cane
Rice
Other field crops
S20102 Plantation crops
Banana
Coconut
Coffee
Corn
Oil palm
Pepper
Pineapple
Rice
Rubber
Tea
Tobacco
Other plantation crops
S20103 Horticultural crop
Flowers
Fruits
Mushroom
Nuts
Ornamental plants
Pepper
Vegetables
Other horticultural crops
S20104 Forestry
Hardwood plantations
Harvesting
Native forest
Softwood plantations
Transportation
Other forestry
S20105 Primary products from plants
Cocoa products
Natural rubber latex
Post harvest
Timber products
Tobacco leaf
Unprocessed cereals
Other primary products from plant
S20106 By-product utilisatio
Animal feed
Cement board
Control release materials
Fibre board
Hemicelluloses
Jelly
Lubricant/grease
Mattress and cushions
Moulded particles
Non-food product
Paint
Paper and pulp
Pentose
Plasticizer
Printing ink
Slow release material
Stabiliser
Useful chemicals
Other by-product utilisation
S20199 Other plant production and plant primary products not elsewhere classified.
Group Area
Category S20200 Animal Production and Animal Primary Products
S20201 Livestock
Beef cattle
Breeders
Broilers
Buffalo
Dairy cattle
Deer
Goats
Horses
Layers
Ostrich
Pigs
Rabbit
Sheep-meat
Sheep-wool
Other livestock
S20202 Pasture, browse and fodder crop
Native vegetation
Sown grasses
Sown legumes
Other pasture, browse and fodder crops
S20203 Fisheries product
Aquaculture
Commercial fisheries
Post harvest handling
Recreational fisheries
Other fisheries products
S20204 Primary by-products from animal
Beef
Eggs
Hides
Milk (minimally processed)
Mutton
Pork
Poultry
Other animal production and animal primary products not elsewhere classified
Raw wool
Skins
Other primary & by-products from animals
S20299
Group Area
Category S20300 Mineral resources (excluding energy)
S20301 Exploration
Aluminium ore exploration
Copper exploration
Iron ores (i.e. ferrous ore) exploration
Mineral exploration
Non-ferrous ore exploration
Non-metallic mineral exploration
Precious (noble) metal ore exploration
Rare earth metal ore exploration
Semi-precious stone
Stone and clay exploration
Tin exploration
Titanium minerals exploration
Zinc exploration
Precious stones
Other exploration
S20302 Primary mining and extraction processe
Aluminium ore mining
Copper mining
Iron ore mining
Mineral extraction processes
Mining
Non-ferrous ore mining
Non-metallic mineral mining
Precious (noble) metal ore mining
Rare earth metal ore mining
Stone and clay mining
Tin mining
Titanium mineral mining
Zinc mining
Zircon mining
Other primary mining and extraction processes
S20304 First stage treatment of ores and mineral
Alumina production
Base metal ore concentration
Benefaction (minerals)
Energy resource exploration
Mineral benefaction
Precious metal concentrates
Precious metal ingot production
Other first stage treatment of ores and minerals
S20399 Other mineral resources (excluding energy) not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category S20400 Energy resources
S20401 Exploratio
Coal exploration
Oil and gas exploration
Oil shale exploration
Tar sands exploration
Uranium exploration
Other exploration
S20402 Mining and extractio
Coal mining/extraction
Oil and gas mining/extraction
Oil shale mining/extraction
Tar sands mining/extraction
Uranium mining/extraction
Other mining and extraction
S20403 Preparation and supply of energy source material
Coal preparation
Fuel cell
Oil and gas preparation (energy)
Oil shale preparation
Solid state battery
Tar sands preparation
Uranium preparation
Other preparation and supply of energy source materials
S20404 Non-conventional energy resource
Biomass
Hydrogen
Solar photovoltaic
Solar thermal
Vegetable oil
Wind
Other non-conventional energy resources
S20405 Nuclear Energy
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear fission
Other nuclear energy
S20499 Other energy resources not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category S20500 Energy supply
S20501 Energy transformation
Coal-conversion to liquid fuels
Coal-electricity
Gas electricity
Gas-conversion to liquid fuels
Nuclear energy transformation
Oil shale conversion to liquid fuels
Refined oil gas for energy
Tar sand conversion to liquid fuels
Other energy transformation
S20502 Renewable energy
Bio-energy
Hydroelectric energy
Ocean energy
Solar-photoelectric energy
Solar-thermal energy
Wind energy
Other renewable energy
S20503 Energy distribution
Electricity transmission
Energy storage
Energy systems analysis
Oil and gas distribution
Other energy distribution
S20504 Conservation and efficienciency
Commercial energy conservation
Energy conservation
Heat retaining ceramics
Hobs for lining
Industry energy conservation
Insulator for lining
Residential energy conservation
Transport energy conservation
Other energy conservation and efficiency
S20505 Energy Issue
Hydroelectric dam silting
Gas pipeline corrosion
Other energy issues
S20599 Other energy supply not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category S20600 Manufacturing
S20601 Processed food products and beverage
Agro-base industries
Beverage
Carcass meat
Dairy products
Oils and fats (including margarine)
Fish products
Food preservation and additive
Food processing
Fruit
Grain mill products processing
Meat products
Starch products processing
Tobacco products
Vegetable products processing
Other processed food products and beverages
S20602 Fibre processing and textiles, footwear and leather product
Clothing manufacture
Chemical modification of rubber
Cotton ginning
Fabric manufacture
Fibre (textile) processing
Natural yarns and fabric manufacturing
Process skins, leather and leather products
Top making (wool products)
Wool scouring and top manufacturing
Other fibre processing, etc.
S20603 Wood, wood products and paper
Chipboard manufacture
Hardwood sawing and veneer
Paper products manufacture
Particle board manufacture
Printing & publishing processes
Publishing services
Pulp and paper manufacture
Softwood sawing and veneer
Wood processing
Woodchips
Other wood, wood products and paper
S20604 Human pharmaceutical product
Antibiotics
Treatments (including chemical, antibiotics)
Diagnostics
Therapeutic agents
Vaccines
Other human pharmaceutical products
S20605 Veterinary pharmaceutical product
Antibiotics
Chemical treatments
Diagnostics
Therapeutic agents
Vaccines
Other veterinary pharmaceutical products
S20606 Agricultural chemical
Animal protection chemicals
Chemical fertilisers
Crop protection chemicals
Oleochemicals
Palm-base chemicals
Pharmaceuticals
Other agricultural chemicals
S20607 Industrial chemicals and related product
Bituminous products
Cosmetics
Industrial and agro-chemicals
Industrial gases
Inorganic industrial chemicals
Lubricants
Oleochemicals
Organic industrial chemicals
Paints
Palm-base chemicals
Plastic products
Plasticizer
Printing ink
Soap & detergent
Speciality chemical including catalyst
Stabiliser
Synthetic resins and rubber
Thermoplastic preparation
Other industrial chemicals and related products
S20608 Basic metal products (including smelting
Aluminium
Iron & steel (e.g. Ingots, bars, rods, shapes & sections)
Metal smelting
Precious metals
Refined bullion, wire, strip
Non-ferrous metals (e.g. Copper, zinc)
Other metal products
S20609 Industrial mineral product
Cement
Clay products
Concrete products
Semiconductor materials
Structural glass
Other industrial mineral products
S20610 Fabricated metal product
Castings
Machined metal products
Semi-finished metal products
Sheet metal products
Structural metal products
Other fabricated metal products
S20611 Transport equipmen
Aerospace equipment
Automotive equipment
Nautical equipment
Rail (transport) equipment
Other transport equipment
S20612 Computer hardware and electronic equipmen
Automated production
Computer equipment
Electronic office equipment
Integrated circuits & devices
Integrated systems
Intelligent machine control
Manufacturing systems
Modules - other processes
Modules - special and attached processors
Sensors technology
Other computer hardware and electronic equipment
S20613 Communication equipment
Broadcasting equipment
Computer hardware
Data image & text equipment
Fibre optic
Integrated circuits & devices
Network switching equipment
Network transmission equipment
Photonic equipment
Postal equipment
Voice equipment
Other communication equipment
S20614 Instrumentatio
Biosensor
Bioglass
Industrial
Medical
Photographic equipment
Scientific
Test & measurement
Other instrumentation
S20615 Machinery and equipment
Agricultural
Appliances
Construction
Electrical
Food processing
High speed/ precision equipment fabrication
Industrial
Laser in manufacturing
Mining
Powder technology for metal casting
Other machinery and equipment
S20616 Latex product industry
Epoxidation
Depolymerisation
Vulcanisation
Other latex product industry
S20617 Established manufacturing practices supporting technologies
Fabrication for metal & plastics
Heat treatment & welding technologies
Mould and die technology
Packaging technology and materials
PCB fabrication and assembly
Precision machining and micromachining
Surface treatment and welding technologies
Other established manufacturing practices supporting technologies
S20618 Materials performance and processes/ analysis
Cement & concrete materials
Dynamic testing
Highway basement performance
Material reliability and performance
Metals (composites, coatings, bonding, concrete, etc)
Micro-mechanical measurement and techniques
Polymeric materials performance testing
Repair technique
Spectroscopic techniques
Stone, ceramics and clay materials
Structural assessment
Thin film technologies
Timber materials
Other materials performance and processes/ analysis`
S20619 Milling and process material
Conversion into value-added products
Cost-effective process for existing products
Fibre reinforced concrete
High strength concrete
In field treatment process
Lightweight concrete
On-line quality indicator and minimal waste
Pilot testing
Pre-strength concrete
Pre-stressed concrete
Production modelling
Smart window
Technology packaging
Technology packaging
Validating technology
Zero-waste technology
Other milling and process materials
S20620 Synthesis and design of fine and speciality chemicals
Chiral compound
Drug intermediates from indigenous sources
Expired patent chemicals
Heat resistant/ flame retarding chemicals
Large martial molecules
Liquid crystal
Newer reagents
Personal care products and cosmetics
Other synthesis and design of fine and chemicals
S20699 Other manufactured products not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category S20700 Construction
S20701 Planning
Civil building
Commercial building
Construction
Industrial building
Residential
Other construction planning
S20702 Design
Bridge
Civil building
Commercial building
Construction
Industrial building
Residential
Other construction design
S20703 Construction processes
Civil building construction processes
Commercial building construction processes
Housing construction processes
Industrial building construction processes
Other construction processes
S20704 Building management and service
Architectural acoustic
Civil building management services
Commercial building management services
Housing management services
Industrial building management services
Structural products (wall/floor tiles, roofing tiles)
Other building management and services
S20799 Other construction not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category S20800 Transport
S20801 Ground transport
Rail transport
Rail & road ride
Road safety
Road transport
Other ground transport
S20802 Water transport
Coastal water transport
Inland water transport
International sea transport
Other water transport
S20803 Air & space transport
S20899 Other transport not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category S20900 Information and Communication Services
S20901 Computer software and service
Application (software) packages & tools
Application system utilities
Communication on services
Computer Aided Manufacturing(CAM)
Computer animation and digital arts
Information services (including library)
Information services (misc.)
Library services
Edutainment
Information processing services
Integrated and expert system for designing
Multimedia content
Other computer software and services
S20902
Other information services
S20903 Communication service
Broadcasting
Postal communication
Tele-education
Other communication
Telecommunication
Other Information and communication services not elsewhere classified S20999
Electricity services & utilities
Gas services & utilities
Water services & utilities
Group Area
Category S21000 Commercial Services
S21001 Electricity, gas and water services and utilitie
Public services & utilities
Other electricity, gas and water services and utilities
Waste management and recycling
Recycling
Other waste management and recycling
Finance, property and business service
S21002
Waste management
S21003 Wholesale and retail trade
Retail trade
Wholesale trade
Other wholesale and retail trade
S21004
Banking
Commercial securities services
Insurance services
Investment services
Professional services
Other finance, property and business services
S21005 Tourism
Economic
Socio-cultural issues
Recreational services
Other tourism
S21099 Other commercial services not elsewhere classified
Tourism infrastructural development
Group Area
Category S21100 Economic Framework
S21101 Macroeconomics issues
Balance of payments issues
Exchange rates issues
Fiscal policy issues
Income policy issues
Industrial concentration
Monetary policy issues
National Accounts
Poverty and equity
Others
S21104
Price stability
Productivity and growth
Taxation issues
Other macroeconomics issues
S21102 Microeconomics issues
Consumption issues
Industrial organisations issues
Industry costs & structure issues
Industry policy issues
Taxation
Other microeconomics issues
S21103 International trade issues
Competitiveness
Trade issues and policies
Management and productivity issues
Industrial relations issues
Ethics
Labour issues
Quality management
Wage policies
Other management and productivity issues
S21105
Measurement standards and calibration services
Defence standards & calibration
Environment standard
Manufacturing calibration
Manufacturing standards
Service industries calibration
Service industries standards
Other measurement standards and calibration services
S21106 Commercialisation
Agribusiness management
Market development studies
Marketing
Packaging of technologies
Production economics
Techno-economic feasibility studies
Transfer of technologies
Other commercialisation
Socio-economic development
Distribution
Equity issues
Minority groups
Poverty
Economic development and environment
S21109
S21199
S21107
Other socio-economic development
S21108
Human resource management
Other economic issues not elsewhere classified
Group Area
S21200 Category Natural Resources
S21201 Soil resources
Soil-land degradation
Tin tailing area regeneration
Other soil resources
S21202 Water resources
Water management
Water standard
Water recycling and reuse
Other water resources
S21203
Hydrology
Biodiversity
Plant biology
Animal biology
Microbial diversity
Marine biodiversity
Tropical rain forest
Wild life conservation
Other biodiversity
S21204
S21006
Other natural resources not elsewhere classified
Bioactive product
Plant products
Animal products
Microbial products
Marine products
Other bioactive products
S21205 Industrial raw materials
Wood
Agrowaste
Clay
Hydrocarbons
Other industrial raw materials
Mineral resource
S21299
DIVISION 3 : SOCIETY
Area
Health
Chronic hepatitis
Digestive system
Endocrine diseases
Hearing, vision & speech
Immune system & allergy
Infectious diseases
Kidney diseases
Neurological disorders
Orthodontics conditions
Reproductive medicine
Respiratory diseases
Group
Category S30100
S30101 Clinical (organs, diseases and conditions)
Blood disorders
Bone & joint disorders
Cancer
Cardiovascular diseases
Inherited diseases
Sexuality transmitted disease and HIV infection
Skin & related conditions
Public health
Dental health
Disease distribution & transmission
Occupational health
Preventive medicine
Surgical methods
Vaccines
Vector-borne diseases
Other clinical health
S30102
Environmental health
Food safety (public health)
Health & women
Health & behaviour
Health & children
Health & indigenous people
Health & social structure
Health & the ageing
Health (public) indicators
Malignancies
Maternal & child health
Mental health
Substance abuse (health)
Urban health
Other public health
S30103 Health and support services
Diagnostic methods/ kids
Health education & promotion
Health policy economic outcomes
Health policy evaluation
Nursing care
Occupation therapy
Palliative care
Physiotherapy
Speech therapy
Other health and support services
S30199 Other health not elsewhere classified
Group Area
Category S30200 Education and Training
S30201 Early childhood and primary education
S30202 Secondary education
S30203 Tertiary education
Distance education
Higher education
Special education
Adult education
Other higher education
S30204 Technical and further education
Skill training
Technical & further education
Other technical and further education
S30205
Disadvantaged education
Handicapped education
Religious education
Other special education
S30207
S30209
Other education and training not elsewhere classified
Gifted education
S30206 Computer base teaching and learning
Distance learning
Other computer base teaching and learning
Education policy
S30208 Teaching
Teacher training
Other teaching
Educational administration
S30299
Area
S30300
S30301
Disabled persons services
Gender issues
Social services
Youth problems Other community services
S30302
Group
Social Development and Community Services Category
Community services
Aged persons services
Public services
Consumer affairs
Civil services
Corrective services
Law enforcement & reform
Other public services
S30303 Art, sport and recreation
Art & artistic endeavours
Ethical issues
Bioethics
Other ethical issues
Nation building
Antiquity studies
Cultural literacy
Functional literacy
Historical heritage
Institution building
Minority issues
National integration
Public policies
Recreation
Sport
Other art, sport and recreation
S30304 International relations
International aid
Other international relations
S30305
S30306
Science and technology culture
Social integration
Urban issues
S30399
Other nation building
S30307
Other social development and community services not elsewhere classified
DIVISION 4 : ENVIRONMENT
Area
S40100
S40101
Climate & atmosphere studies
Group
Category Environmental Knowledge
Climate and atmosphere
Atmospheric composition
Atmospheric processes
Weather
Other climate and atmosphere studies
S40102
Other water studies
S40104
Ocean
Oceanic composition
Oceanic processes
Other ocean studies
S40103 Water
Brackish water
Freshwater
Groundwater
Inshore water
Offshore water
Land
Arctic zones
Arid zones
Coastal zones
Farmland
Mountainous land Sparseland Temperate zones Tropical zones
Urban areas
Wetlands
Other land studies
S40105
Flora (conservation)
Freshwater ecosystems
Marine ecosystems
Terrestrial ecosystems
Social environment
Biosafety
Forest and wooded lands
Grassland High country
Mineral enclaves
Nature conservation
Estuarine ecosystems
Fauna (conservation)
Other nature conservation
S40106
Education & training
Environment - social
Environmental hazards
Environmental health studies
Protected areas
Social development
Other social environment
S40107
River
River system
S40199 Other environmental knowledge not elsewhere classified
Group
Category
S40201
Area
S40200 Environmental Aspects of Development
Plant production and plant primary products (including forestry)
Plant production & atmosphere
Plant production & climate
Plant production & conservation
Plant production & land
Plant production & oceans Plant production & social environment Plant production & water Plant products & environment Other plant production and plant primary products (including forestry)
S40202 Animal production and animal primary products (including fishing)
Animal production & atmosphere
Animal production & climate
Animal production & conservation
Animal production & land
Animal production & ocean Animal production & social environment Animal production & water Animal products & environment Other animal production and animal primary products (including fishing)
S40203 Mineral resources (excluding energy)
Mineral resources & atmosphere
Mineral resources & climate
Mineral resources & conservation
Mineral resources & land
Mineral resources & oceans Mineral resources & social environment Mineral resources & water Other mineral resources (excluding energy)
S40204 Energy resources
Energy resources & atmosphere
Energy resources & climate
Energy resources & conservation
Energy resources & land
Energy resources & oceans Energy resources & social environment Energy resources & water Other energy resources
S40205 Energy supply
Energy supply & atmosphere
Energy supply & climate
Energy supply & conservation
Energy supply & land
Energy supply & oceans
Energy supply & social environment
Energy supply & water
Other energy supply
S40206
Manufacturing & oceans
Manufacturing & social environment
Manufacturing & water
Other manufacturing
Manufacturing
Manufacturing & atmosphere
Manufacturing & climate
Manufacturing & conservation
Manufacturing & land
S40207 Construction
Construction & atmosphere
Construction & climate
Construction & conservation
Construction & land
Construction & oceans Construction & social environment Construction & water Other construction
S40208 Transport
Transport & atmosphere
Transport & climate
Transport & conservation
Transport & oceans
Transport & social environment
Transport & water
S40209
Information & communication services & climate
Transport & land
Other transport
Information and communication services
Information & communication services & atmosphere
Information & communication services & conservation
Information & communication services & land Information & communication services & oceans Information & communication services & social environment Information & communication services & water Other information and communication services
S40210 Commercial services
Commercial services & atmosphere
Commercial services & climate
Commercial services & conservation
Commercial services & land
Commercial services & oceans Commercial services & social environment Commercial services & water Other commercial services
Environmental economic framework
Resource management issues
Other environmental economic framework
S40211 Environmental economic framework
S40299 Other environment aspect of development not elsewhere classified
Group
Category
S40301
Area
S40300 Environmental Management and Other Aspects
Environmental management
Bioremediation
Control of exotic species
Development impacts
Environmental hazards - human-induced
Environmental education
Environmental policy & standards
Environmental protection
Exotic species control Global climate change adaptation
Management of protected areas
Protected areas management
Sustainable development Other environmental management
S40302 Waste management and recycling
Industrial waste treatment
Solid waste management
Waste water
Waste bioremediation
Other waste management and recycling
S40399 Other environmental aspects not elsewhere classified
DIVISION 5 : ADVANCEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE
Group
Category S50100
S50101
Physical sciences
S50103
Area
Natural Sciences, Technologies and Engineering
Mathematical sciences
S50102
Chemical sciences
S50104 Earth sciences
S50105 Information, computer and communication technologies
S50106
S50109
S50199
Applied sciences and technologies
S50107 Engineering sciences
S50108 Biological sciences
Agricultural sciences
S50110 Medical and health sciences
S50111 Multimedia
Other natural science, technologies and engineering not elsewhere classified
Group
Category
Area
S50200 Social Sciences and Humanities
S50201 Social sciences
S50202
Other social sciences and humanities not elsewhere classified
Humanities
S50203 Cyberlaw
S50299
