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VIDEO-CONFERENCING ON EDUCATION REFORM

sponsored by the World Bank

Curriculum Reform to Improve Educational Outcomes and Future

Opportunities for All Students

Rohani Abdul Hamid, Ph DMALAYSIA

Malaysia Telekom, Pusat Telekom (JRC Studio) Kuala Lumpur

7.00 p.m – 10.00 p.m, 24 February 2005

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• Focus on the changes Malaysia was seeking (including the "why" behind the curriculum reform),

• The process Malaysia pursued to achieve those changes (the "how") ,

• The leadership and stakeholders, including institutions, involved in the process (the "who"),

• The steps taken to implement the reformed curriculum in the schools.

SUGGESTED OUTLINE

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INDEPENDENCE 1957

3 MAIN ETHNIC GROUPS

INHERITED BRITISH EDUCATION SYSTEM AND CURRICULUM

BACKGROUND

BUMIPUTRAS (NATIVE)

CHINESE (MIGRANT)

INDIANS (MIGRANT)

ECONOMY - AGRICULTURE (RUBBER) MINING (TIN)

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POST-INDEPENDENT MALAYSIA

TO FORGE DISTINCT MALAYSIAN IDENTITY

NATIONAL UNITY OF 3 MAIN ETHNIC GROUPS

1960s – NATION BUILDING AND SOCIAL CHANGE

1960s – IMPROVE ACCESS AND EQUITY GENDER

1960s – MOVE TOWARDS INDUSTRIALISATION

FOCUS ON SCIENCE

CONTINUE ON TO HIGHER EDUCATION

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MAJOR REFORMS

1971 - CHANGE TO NATIONAL LANGUAGE AS MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION

NATIONAL POLICY CHANGE DRIVES REFORM

1970s

STAKEHOLDERS: NATION BUILDERS NATIONAL LEADERS i.e. the elected government

MOE INFRASTRUCTURE (CENTRAL AND STATE LEVEL) IMPLEMENT REFORM

with HALL FOR LANGUAGE CORPUS DEVELOPMENT

FOR UNITY

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1980s – TOTAL CURRICULUM RENEWAL

1980s

1982 - 1982 – 1987 - NEW PRIMARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM

Back to basics; student-centred, activity-based

1988 - NEW SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM

Values-oriented; thinking skills; application

PEDAGOGICAL CHANGE; GLOBAL TRENDSIDEA OF CURRICULUM RELEVANCEMOVING AWAY FROM ACADEMIC ORIENTATION

1988 -

MOE, EDUCATIONISTS, EXPERTS TRAINED OVERSEAS,

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LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT OF REFORM

EDUCATION PLANNING COMMITTEE

Chair: Minister of Education

CENTRAL CURRICULUM COMMITTEE

Chair: Director-General of Education

CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE

Chair: Deputy Director-General of Education (Schools)

STATE CURRICULUM COMMITTEE (15)

Chair: State Director of Education

STATE CURRICULUM COMMITTEE (15)

Chair: State Director of Education

SCHOOL CURRICULUM COMMITTEE

Chair: School Principal

SCHOOL CURRICULUM COMMITTEE

Chair: School Principal

centrally directed

PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

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LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT OF REFORM

CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE

Chair: Deputy Director-General of Education (Schools)

TEXTBOOKS EXAMS

PUBLICITY

FINANCE SERVICE

BUILDING & SUPPLIES

SCHOOLS DIVISION

EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY

INSPECTORATE

IMPLEMENTATION

MANAGEMENT TRAINING

RESEARCH & PLANNING

SPECIAL EDUCATION

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

TEACHER TRAINING

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INPUT AND DIRECTIONS FOR REFORM

Advice and input sought from:

STAKEHOLDERS

Feedback from media, memorandums, reports, resolutions of seminars, etc. regarding issues and social problems can be incorporated into curriculum content (e.g. HIV/AIDs, Environmental groups, etc)

Local universities, Industry, Prospective employers, NGOs, Parent/Teachers’ Association

Professional Associations

Trades Associations

Other Ministries and Government Agencies

Religious Associations

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USING ICT AS A TOOL IN TEACHING-LEARNING

REFORMS RESULTING FROM EMERGING TRENDS TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES

SMART SCHOOLS

1992 - IT LITERACY INTRODUCED – RURAL AREAS

Bridging the digital divide

1995 -

Science, Maths, English

1998 -

Schools with ICT-rich facilities

ICT

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agriculture&

mining

utility services

recycling&

synthesizing

informationservices

manufacturing&

processing

DEVELOPED DEVELOPED SOCIETY SOCIETY 20202020

DEVELOPINGDEVELOPINGSOCIETYSOCIETY

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL SOCIETYSOCIETY

Labour + Land + Capital

Labour + Land + Capital + Entrepreneur + Information

Labour + Land +Capital + Entrepreneur + Information + R&D + Technology

Adaptation of NITA’s diagram, 1994: MIMOS

2000s

19571957

REALISING FULL LITERACY REALISING FULL LITERACY AND ACCESS TO BASIC AND ACCESS TO BASIC EDUCATIONEDUCATIONPHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDINGBUILDING

NOWNOW90s/90s/2000s2000s

RESEARCH & DEV IN RESEARCH & DEV IN SCIENCE/TECHNOLOGYSCIENCE/TECHNOLOGYSPECIALIST SCHOOLSSPECIALIST SCHOOLS

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDUCATIONEDUCATIONTHINKING & CREATIVITYTHINKING & CREATIVITY

REFORMS FOR A K-ECONOMY

REFORMS RESULTING FROM EMERGING TRENDS GLOBALISATION, KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

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Malaysian Economy – agricultural cash crops, light manufacturing – electrical, electronics, textiles

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INTRODUCTION OF BILINGUAL EDUCATION – SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS IN ENGLISH

2003 -

POLICY CHANGE A CABINET DECISION IN RESPONSE TO DEMANDS FROM INDUSTRY LEADERS

NEED FOR HIGH-TECH KNOWLEDGE WORKERS FOR K-ECONOMY

MOBILISE MOE MACHINERY AND PROCEDURES

COLLABORATION WITH ICT COMPANIES TO BUILD ELECTRONIC COURSEWARE TO HELP TEACHERS TEACH IN ENGLISH

REFORMS RESULTING FROM EMERGING TRENDS GLOBALISATION, KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

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Science and Mathematics in English in 2003 Science and Mathematics in English in 2003 ENGLISH FOR INFORMATION ACCESS AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION

CASE STUDY: STEPS TAKEN TO IMPLEMENT THE REFORMED CURRICULUM IN SCHOOLS

Utilisation of ICT to Assist Teachers tUtilisation of ICT to Assist Teachers teach in Englisheach in English

Schools are provided with Schools are provided with PC Notebooks, LCD, PC Notebooks, LCD, Trolleys, Screen and ICT Trolleys, Screen and ICT PeripheralsPeripherals

Teaching courseware produced Teaching courseware produced for the whole curriculum to help for the whole curriculum to help teachers overcome problems teachers overcome problems with English and deliver lessons with English and deliver lessons effectively in Englisheffectively in English

HARDWAREHARDWARE COURSEWARECOURSEWARE

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MONITORING PROGRESSMONITORING PROGRESS

WEEKLY MEETINGS CHAIRED BY MINISTER OF EDUCATION TO MONITOR PROGRESS

MECHANISM – MAIN STEERING COMMITTEE AND 16 COMMITTEES DEALING WITH VARIOUS ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION

MAIN

TEACHERSICT

EQUIPMENTCOURSEWARE

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SUPPORT MATERIALSTEACHER PREPARATION

Teacher Preparation

TEACHERS TRAINED TO BUILD UP THEIR OWN ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY THROUGH CONTINUOUS ONGOING TRAINING

Outsourcing – Materials COLLABORATION WITH PRIVATE SECTOR TO BUILD COURSEWARE – LEVERAGING ON THEIR EXPERTISE AND EXPERIENCE

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YOUTHANK

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POPULATION