M&A_KPMG - Chapter 1

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 第一章  企業所面臨的挑戰 及併購策略  主講人︰張維夫  MBM0068 企業購併評價與財務分析  

Transcript of M&A_KPMG - Chapter 1

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 第一章 

企業所面臨的挑戰

及併購策略 

主講人︰張維夫 

MBM0068企業購併評價與財務分析 

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KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.

目錄 

一、企業所面臨的挑戰 

二、併購策略 

三、併購失敗的原因 

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一、企業所面臨的挑戰 

治理 

績效 

成長 

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成長的挑戰 

內部成長 

• 新產品開發 

• 新市場開發 

• 當企業內部成長已

不易或無法達成企業策略目標時?

外部成長 

• 內部成長不易,必

須考量以外部成長

方式達成企業成長

目標與策略目的(例如企業併購) 

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成長的挑戰所面對之主要議題 

1.如何開發新市場 

2.如何在現有市場開發新產品或新客戶,追求持續成長 

3.如何因應資金之需求,並於其中發掘價值 

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公司治理與風險管控的挑戰 

企業風險管理 

Enterprise Risk

Management

美國 

SOX險管理 

(財務、資

訊、舞弊)

政策說明 

(如環保白皮書)

保險業 

Solvency

銀行業 

BASEL II

大陸 

C-SOX

日本 

J-SOX

外部報告 

(年報、財務報

表)

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公司治理的挑戰所面對之主要議題 

1.整體法規環境之遵循與管理 

2.降低組織性風險 

3.最佳治理實務之推行及善盡社會責任之管理 

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企業經營績效的挑戰 

經營績效管理的工具或衡量指標 

標準成

本 目標成本 

作業制成本會計 

作業制

管理系統 

平衡計分卡 

企業資源管理 

策略地圖 

PDCA(plan-do-

check-action)

企業流程改造 

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1.企業流程改造

 2.採購管理流程改善 

3.財務及營運重組 

4.共同服務中心籌設 

5.外包範圍及外包廠商選擇 

6.資產及負債管理 

7.投資組合的管理與處置 

8.資訊管理系統的投資、維護及汰換 

9.營運資金及現金管理 

10.智慧財產權之管理 

11.權利金之談判、支付及相關合約遵循 

企業經營績效的挑戰所面對之主要議題 

公司管理階層在

績效提升與成本

管控的目標下所面臨的議題 

結論:如何達成效率的提升與成本管控 & 如何轉變或處分績效不彰的單位 

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企業家所面臨的挑戰與相關議題 

降低組織性

風險 

效率提昇與成本控管 

最佳治理實

務管理與善盡社會責任 

如何因應資本(金)需

求並產生

價值 

轉變或處分績效不彰之單位 

法規環境之 

遵循與管理 

在既有市場持續成長 

治理 

Governance (保存價值) 

成長 Growth (創造價值) 

績效 

Performance (達到最大價值) 

進入 

新市場 

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二、併購策略 

策略目標 

積極/

攻擊性 

市場先驅者  技能尋求者  規模併購者  收入追求者 

消極/

防禦性 

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併購交易可以是任何企業間的協議或交換 

以增資方式使

可使用資源規

模成長 

併購交易能讓組織更容易達成其策略目標 

切入新銷售管道 

增加成長空間 

擴充產品種類 

增加銷售地區 

獲得綜效 

擴大規模 

專注核心業務 

減少現金支出 

避免定位模糊 

籌措資金  合資/聯盟  購買  合併  分割 

為何要併購?

併購交易型態 

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策略決定階段 

合併之價值 

及其動因 綜效目標 併之目的  議題及障礙  整合方式  訂定優先順序 

我們為何要合併? 

我們如何能將合併之價值實現? 

綜效在何處? 

我們必須注意到哪些議題? 

我們要如何整合? 

此階段之工作結果︰ 

■ 明確定義並理解合併之目標 

■ 由上而下之確定合併之綜效、議題及合併後之最終企業模式 (end-state)

■ 以策略目標規劃整合 

■ 高階管理當局對整合方式及先後順序達成共識 

哪件事我們應該先做? 

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併購策略:了解交易之目的 

營運價值: 合併後,我們雙方將共同創造未來 

■ 設定一超越現存事業之未來願景,且此願景可經由併購具互補性之組織來達成 

營運價值: 我們希望於合併後,取得我們所欠缺 

的才能 

■ 係透過合併取得特殊技能來創造競爭優勢 

營運價值: “我們對於市場非常了解,聽我們的 

就對了”

■ 產業具有內部整合壓力且整合後可能產生重大規模經濟之效果 

營運價值: “我們需要收購營收來成長,或許在某

些地方會有綜效產生” 

■ 藉由收購而獲得營收之立即成長 

市場先驅者 / Market Pioneer  規模併購者 / Consolidator 

技能尋求者 / Talent Scouter  收入追求者 / Revenue Hunter 

警告 

併購 

四象限 

危險 

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策略執行:. . .以確認典型之合併綜效及整合策略 

併購於價值鏈中處於不同地位之企業個體 

整合策略: 

■  收入增加與成長 

■  降低成本 

■ 營運模式分析將是關鍵 

以併購方式取得新科技/技術以達成企業型的

目的 

整合策略: 

■ 主要科技/技術或資產導向 

併購相似企業 

整合策略: 

■ 消除重覆性 

■ 收入提高之機會 

■ 客戶重疊是否可能減少收入 

以併購方式透過收入之成長來擴大企業規模 

整合策略: 

■ 創造收入綜效與交叉銷售之機會 

■ 品牌導向 

市場先驅者 / Market Pioneer  規模併購者 / Consolidator 

技能尋求者 / Talent Scouter  收入追求者 / Revenue Hunter 

警告 

併購 

四象限 

危險 

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消極/防禦性併購策略 

例一: A公司欲取得B公司之新技術或新產品的所有權,目的並非立即推動該新技術或新產品之銷售,反之,卻將其冷凍或延緩推出,使 A公司之現有產品得以延長生命週期,或增加因應的準備時間 

例二:C公司原係市場領先者或產業龍頭,D公司為C公司之主

要競爭者,C公司欲取得D公司具重大影響力之股權,目的不在於與D公司進行合併,而在防止D公司與其他主要競爭者結盟,以降低D公司之競爭能力 

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三、併購失敗的原因 

對併購案件缺乏瞭解與支持  未能有效留住關鍵員工 

流失主要客戶 

企業文化差異 

無法符合管理當局要求 

經營績效在併購過程中受到減損 

系統及資訊人員無法支援新組織之需求 

缺乏嚴謹的整合及決策程序 

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併購交易對股東價值之影響(預期 vs.實際) 

併購交易對股東價值之影響 

預期 vs.實際 

93%

3.5% 3.5%

31%

43%

26%

-

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%90%

100%

增加 不變 減損 增加 不變 減損

預期併購對股東價值之影響 實際上併購對股東價值之影響

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併購交易是否達到綜效目標 

61%併購交易未達到綜效目標 

39%

33%

4%

24%

-

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%40%

45%

超越設定目標 達成率75%~99% 達成率50%~75% 小於50%

併購交易達到綜效目標與否

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併購交易對股東價值之影響(各大機構研究結果) 

<----Average

62.5%

約有62%的併購交易由於未能有效完成合併後整合工作而未達到

提升股東價值之策略目標 

50%

69%

80%

61%

53%

62%

-

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%80%

90%

Mercer Management

(1995)

EconomistsIntelligenceUnit (1996)

PAConsulting

(1998)

McKinsey &Co. (1987)

Booz-Allen &Hamilton

(2001)

KPMG (2002)

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併購交易對股東價值之影響(穆迪分析) 

-

50100

150

200

250

300

350400

450

1987 to 1989 1998 to 2001

   N  o .  o   f   M  e  r  g  e  r

Other reasons Downgrading due to M&A

60%

83%

17%

40%

從1987至1989,393家公司中有17%由於併購案被穆迪(Moody)

調降評等,自1998至2001,同樣的比率提高到60%

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併購未能提升股東價值的原因 

綜效未如預期(不能達到一加一大於二之效果)  溝通工作不良 

企業文化衝突 

併購交易整合專案管理未充分落實 

在上述議題無法充分執行並落實下,企業將因下列現象在經營上產 

生困境:  員工士氣不良 

損失主要人員或幹部 

產生內部不良競爭 

市場占有率損失 

生產力下降 

毛利率下降 

成長率不足 

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企業併購的壓力來源 

基金投資者的期許(21%)  支付高昂的併購對價(18%) 

經濟現狀之自然要求(15%) 

併購買方對成功合併的承諾(12%) 

更多競爭(6%) 

市場上私募基金的成功案例(2%) 

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企業在完成併購後所面臨之主要議題及挑戰 

兩家不同公司整合工作的高複雜性(32%)  處理不同組織文化的困難性(30%) 

− 不同的工作型態及領導風格 

− 不同國家、地區的文化差異 

− 行為模式差異 

「人」的議題 (27%) 

− 主要經營階層人員離開 

− 員工士氣及激勵 

− 主要員工留任 

− 人員及主要員工組織(如:公會)之諮詢 

資訊科技系統的議題(24%) 

客戶維持的挑戰(10%) 

時效及管理的議題(4%) 

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及早規劃帶來之效益 

提高合併交易成功的機會  加速對重大議題取得控制權及確認綜效的發生 

穩定合併後第一天的營運及工作執行 

降低損失客戶及市場佔有率的情形發生 

減輕未預期成本的發生及文化差異衝擊 

領導統御模式的釐清及明確化 

避免因溝通的空窗期而產生流言或錯誤資訊流傳的情形發生 

確認交接期間之整合規劃,將該等作業對經營的影響降到最低 

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KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.

如何避免失敗(一) 

併購失敗的原因  如何避免失敗 

對併購案件缺乏了解與支持 1.充分了解企業型態及策略目標 

2.管理階層密切合作 

3.與員工及其代表諮商 

4.有計劃性的溝通 

未能有效留住關鍵員工 1.傳達策略目標及創造良好的第一印象 

2.取得對願景的共識 

3.留任主要員工之獎酬配套措施 

4.關鍵績效衡量指標及一致性之獎酬制度 

5.清楚定義裁員的標準 

流失主要客戶 1.傳達保證予客戶 

2.全球客戶關係管理 3.品牌策略 

4.維持服務水準 

企業文化差異 1.超然的專案委員會處理重大議題 

2.定義及深植所想要的企業文化 

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如何避免失敗(二) 

併購失敗的原因  如何避免失敗 

無法符合管理當局的要求 1.專職的管理階層負責相關法令程序要求 

2.適當的技能及資源分配 

3.在不違反管理當局的規定下儘可能公開資源 

經營績效於併購過程中受到減損 

1.確保有經驗的管理階層有足夠的資源使企業正常運作及執行併購流程 

2.專供併購計劃使用之資源 

3.評估現有的提案/計劃及定出優先順序 

系統及資訊科技人員無法支援新組織之需求 

1.留任熟練系統操作的主要IT員工及配套措施 

2.供併購小組共同使用之資料庫 

3.發展長短期之資訊科技系統對策 

缺乏嚴謹的整合及決策程序 1.著重於企業利益之有效管理評量計劃 

2.建立正確的資訊整理及傳達關鍵決策之程序 

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提升綜效價值小秘方 

■ 對標的公司執行嚴謹及扎實的綜效分析,確認哪些綜效可有效達成並納入買入價格的考量 

■ 對於新增價值的努力及每日日常營運控管應維持平衡 

■ 在相關之規劃及預算的訂定應超越原定綜效價值及績效目標 

■ 協助應追蹤預期由併購交易所產生之價值,並程時的的評估整合工作的成效 

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規劃及加強控制小秘方 

■ 在交易完成前應辨明並調查整合議題 – 該等議題可能是交易破裂的原因 

■ 在交易完成前就啟動併購後整合工作 

■ 建立全職工作團隊來處理併購後整合工作 

■ 在交易完成後,以最短時間內完成對財務資訊及報告系統的掌控 

■ 儘早辨明文化的差異並規劃如何弭平該等差異 

■ 對標的公司領導者及經營團隊可能產生的議題儘早了解並規劃行動方案,並於交易完成後立即進行監控與追蹤 

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