Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes...

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Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

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Page 1: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Making Sense of SmellsA Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors

Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes

Douglas W. HamiltonWaste Management SpecialistBiosystems and Agricultural Engineering

Page 2: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Odors need not be so mysterious …

1. They have structure

2. They are measurable

Page 3: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Odor Measurement

How does it smell?

How Long?

How Much?

How Strong?

Page 4: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Odor Measurement

How does it smell?

How Long?

How Much?

How Strong?

Character

Page 5: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Odor Measurement

How does it smell?

How Long?

How Much?

How Strong?

Character

Persistence

Page 6: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Odor Measurement

How does it smell?

How Long?

How Much?

How Strong?

Character

Persistence

Concentration

Page 7: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Odor Measurement

How does it smell?

How Long?

How Much?

How Strong?

Character

Persistence

Concentration

Intensity

Page 8: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Notes Odors

Character

Persistence

Concentration

Intensity

Measuring Notes and Odors

Page 9: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Notes Odors

Character Verbal Description

Persistence

Concentration

Intensity

Measuring Notes and Odors

Page 10: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Character

Organic AcidsAcetic Acid

Propionic Acid

Butanoic Acid

Iso-Valeric Acid

Pentanoic Acid

Alcohols, Aldehydes, KetonesMethanol

Formaldehyde

Acetone

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Nitrogen CompoundsAmmonia

Methyl amine

Dimethyl amine

Diethyl amine

Indole

Skatole

Phenolic CompoundsPhenol

p-Cresol

Sulfuric CompoundsHydrogen Sulfide

Methyl mercaptan

Dimethyl sulfide

Diethyl sulfide

Page 11: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Character

Organic AcidsAcetic Acid

Propionic Acid

Butanoic Acid

Iso-Valeric Acid

Pentanoic Acid

Alcohols, Aldehydes, KetonesMethanol

Formaldehyde

Acetone

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Nitrogen CompoundsAmmonia

Methyl amine

Dimethyl amine

Diethyl amine

Indole

Skatole

Phenolic CompoundsPhenol

p-Cresol

Sulfuric CompoundsHydrogen Sulfide

Methyl mercaptan

Dimethyl sulfide

Diethyl sulfide

Page 12: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Character

Organic AcidsAcetic Acid

Propionic Acid

Butanoic Acid

Iso-Valeric Acid

Pentanoic Acid

Alcohols, Aldehydes, KetonesMethanol

Formaldehyde

Acetone

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Nitrogen CompoundsAmmonia

Methyl amine

Dimethyl amine

Diethyl amine

Indole

Skatole

Phenolic CompoundsPhenol

p-Cresol

Sulfuric CompoundsHydrogen Sulfide

Methyl mercaptan

Dimethyl sulfide

Diethyl sulfide

Page 13: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Character

Organic AcidsAcetic Acid

Propionic Acid

Butanoic Acid

Iso-Valeric Acid

Pentanoic Acid

Alcohols, Aldehydes, KetonesMethanol

Formaldehyde

Acetone

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Nitrogen CompoundsAmmonia

Methyl amine

Dimethyl amine

Diethyl amine

Indole

Skatole

Phenolic CompoundsPhenol

p-Cresol

Sulfuric CompoundsHydrogen Sulfide

Methyl mercaptan

Dimethyl sulfide

Diethyl sulfide

Page 14: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Character

Organic AcidsAcetic Acid

Propionic Acid

Butanoic Acid

Iso-Valeric Acid

Pentanoic Acid

Alcohols, Aldehydes, KetonesMethanol

Formaldehyde

Acetone

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Nitrogen CompoundsAmmonia

Methyl amine

Dimethyl amine

Diethyl amine

Indole

Skatole

Phenolic CompoundsPhenol

p-Cresol

Sulfuric CompoundsHydrogen Sulfide

Methyl mercaptan

Dimethyl sulfide

Diethyl sulfide

Page 15: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Character

Organic AcidsAcetic Acid

Propionic Acid

Butanoic Acid

Iso-Valeric Acid

Pentanoic Acid

Alcohols, Aldehydes, KetonesMethanol

Formaldehyde

Acetone

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Nitrogen CompoundsAmmonia

Methyl amine

Dimethyl amine

Diethyl amine

Indole

Skatole

Phenolic CompoundsPhenol

p-Cresol

Sulfuric CompoundsHydrogen Sulfide

Methyl mercaptan

Dimethyl sulfide

Diethyl sulfide

Page 16: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Notes Odors

Character Verbal Description Offensiveness

Persistence Odor Chord

Concentration

Intensity

Measuring Notes and Odors

Page 17: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Notes Odors

Character Verbal Description

Persistence Top Note

Middle Note

Base Note

Odor Chord

Concentration

Intensity

Measuring Notes and Odors

Page 18: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Page 19: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Page 20: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Page 21: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Page 22: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Page 23: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Page 24: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Page 25: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Page 26: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Page 27: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Page 28: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic SulfidesNH3

Page 29: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic SulfidesNH3

H3C-NH-CH3

Page 30: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic SulfidesNH3

H3C-NH-CH3

N

CH3

Page 31: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

Notes Odors

Character Verbal Description

Persistence Top Note

Middle Note

Base Note

Odor Chord

Concentration Detection Level

Recognition Level

Intensity

Measuring Notes and Odors

Page 32: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

NH3 Recognition Level = 37,000 ppb

Page 33: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

NH3 Detection Level = 17 ppb

Page 34: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

NH3 Acute Hazard = 50,000 to 100,000 ppb

Page 35: Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems.

NH3 Chronic Exposure = 25,000 ppb


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