www.danfoss.com/lowGWP

73EUR tax increase

per kilo R404A by 2016 in Spain including imports and exports.

Be ready for the F-gas regulationSave money with Danfoss’ portfolioDanfoss’ portfolio for low-GWP (Global Warming Potential) refrigerants enables you to build climate friendly and sustainable solutions and save money on price increases or government taxes.

MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE

We will proactively develop products for low-GWP refrigerants, both natural and synthetic, to fulfill customers’ needs for practical and safe solutions without compromising energy efficiency.

We support the establishment of a global regimen through the Montreal Protocol to phase down emissions of high-GWP refrigerants to provide for long-term production of very small quantities of HFCs for critical needs.

We will lead and be recognised in the development of natural

refrigerant solutions.

Danfoss encourages the further development and use of low-GWP refrigerants to help slow, and ultimately reverse, the process of global warming while helping to ensure continued global wellbeing and economic development along with the future viability of our industry.

Policy Statement

We will enable our customers to achieve these refrigerant goals

while continuing to enhance the energy efficiency

of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment.

HFC Phase-down (Proposal by EU Commission)

EU F-gas regulations

HFC Phase-down (US Proposal)

US, other developed countriesDeveloping countries

HCFC Phase-out

US, other developed countriesEU regulationsDeveloping countries

Refrigerant control schedulesThe graph below shows the phase-out of HCFC refrigerants as agreed under the Montreal Protocol and the various proposals for HFC phase-down. Initial slope of HFC proposals are indicative and not part of the proposals.

Perhaps the most effective mechanism of the F-gas regulation will be the GWP-based phase-down of HFC refriger-ants. The phase-down will effectively reduce the supply of high-GWP refrigerants to where demand cannot be met. In turn, this will lead to significantly higher prices on HFC refrigerants. The higher the GWP, the higher the price. Al-though transitional refrigerants such as R407A and R407F are not directly affected by refrigerant bans in the near term, prices will undoubtedly increase and may become prohibitive in most applications with more than a few kg. charge.

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

20102005 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

Year

Maxim

um consum

ption as % of baseline

Refrigeration Air Conditioning

Refrigerant Application/Region

Domestic – household refrigerators

Mobile – containers, trucks

Light Commercial Commercial Industrial Air

Conditioning Heat pumps

50-300 W 100-10,000 W 150-5,000 W > 5,000 W > 100,000 W All All

Today 2020 Today 2020 Today 2020 Today 2020 Today 2020 Today 2020 Today 2020

CO2

Europe

North America

Rest of the world

NH3

Europe

North America

Rest of the world

HC

Europe

North America

Rest of the world

HFC

Europe

North America

Rest of the world

Mildly flammable HFC and HFO

Europe

North America

Rest of the world

The refrigeration and air conditioning industry has made tremendous progress over the past two decades in reducing the use of ozone-depleting refrigerants. Seen from a global perspective, the tendency is that the industry is moving more and more toward natural refrigerants where this is technologically feasible. Synthetic refrigerants are still likely to play a large role in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry, but this will be in minimal charge systems and with new low-GWP substances. Parameters such as efficiency, safety, environmental impact, relatively short atmospheric lifetimes, chemical properties and economy all influence the choice of future refrigerant options. Below is a brief overview of the refrigerant benefits in various applications.

CO2 (R744)• The low-GWP nature of CO

2 lends itself well to food

retail applications, where there is a minimal impact in case of leaks and where the thermodynamic properties make it the ideal media for heat recovery

• Transcritical CO2 cycles reject a large proportion of

the cycle heat at high temperatures which makes it suitable for heat pumps

• In industrial refrigeration, CO2 provides a means to

reduce the charge of Ammonia, increase efficiency and decrease the footprint of freezing equipment

• In transport refrigeration, light commercial applications and electronics cooling, CO

2 provides

a non-flammable, environmentally benign solution

Ammonia (NH3)• Ammonia is one of the most energy efficient

refrigerants in applications ranging from high to low temperatures. With the increasing focus on energy consumption, ammonia is a safe and sustainable choice for the future

• Ammonia has better heat transfer properties than most of chemical refrigerants and therefore plant construction cost will be lower. These properties also benefit the thermodynamic efficiency in the system, hence it reduces the operating costs

• With a GWP and ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential) equal to zero ammonia is a very environmentally friendly refrigerant

• In many countries the cost of ammonia (per kg) is considerably lower than the cost of HFCs

Hydrocarbons (R290, R600)• Provides high energy-efficiency and capacities

compared to HFCs• The flammability limits the use to small systems and

chillers (e.g. chillers for food retail systems or for air conditioning for a whole building)

• Allows for very low evaporating temperatures without overheating the compressor when used in heat pumps (with HFCs you need to supplement with an electrical heating element for the really cold days)

HFC• A transitional solution that can be used in retrofitting

high-GWP HFC systems. Typically R407A/F replacing R404A

Refrigerant benefits in your application

Overview of refrigerant trends

Main refrigerant Some use Limited use and only niche applications Not applicable or unclear situation

CO2

HC

R32

R407A/F

NH3

Mildly flammable HFC & HFO• The low GWP and low flammability makes it suitable

for relatively large systems• Especially interesting for air conditioning where there

is a lack of ultra low-GWP natural alternatives• Also suitable for refrigeration systems where

traditional HFC system design can be used with minor modifications (often with a minor performance decrease)

Danfoss’ approval processDanfoss uses a thorough approval process when releasing products for flammable refrigerants. The major steps includes:

• Ensure compliance with the EU Pressure Equipment Regulation 97/23/EC (PED) for fluid group I. Attain 3rd party approval if needed

• Evaluate ignition sources for compliance with ATEX zone 2. Attain 3rd party approval if needed

• Evaluate or test chemical compatibility between elastomers and the specific flammable refrigerants in question

• Update internal documentation to ensure future product changes will take flammability into account

• Update literature, capacity tables and other relevant documentation for Danfoss customers

The approval process is one part of the continuous risk evaluation process that guides our approach to flammable refrigerants. This process continuously evaluates the legislation, safety standards and the industry’s experience with flammable refrigerants. The outcome is a continuously updated internal framework for sales and product design matching the market needs while prioritising safety.

Products for low-GWP refrigerantsRefrigerants

Product grouping Product Product description CO2 NH3

R290, R600 R32 R407A R407F

Electronic controllers

AK-PC 7XX Advanced pack controllers

AK-PC 351/ 5XX Standard pack controllers

AK-CC 550/750 Case controller for electronic expansion valves

AK-CC 250/350/450

Case controller for thermostatic expansion valves

EKC 326a CO2 gas pressure controllers

MCX Programmable controllers

EIM 336, EKD 316, EXD 316

Electronic superheat controllers1

EKC 316A, EKC 312

EKC 313 Cascade injection with CO2

EKC 315a Superheat controllers

EKC 347 Liquid level controllers

EKC 361 Temperature controllers

Compressors

MTZReciprocating compressor for medium temperature refrigeration2

MLZScroll compressor for medium temperature refrigeration2

ASL Scroll compressor for air conditioning2

P/T/D/N/SCAC reciprocating compressor for LBP/MBP refrigeration

SLVVariable speed reciprocating compressor for LBP/MBP refrigeration

BD AC/DC compressors for mobile cooling

Optyma™Condensing Units for low and medium refrigeration

Electronic expansion valves

AKV

Pulse width modulating expansion valves

46 bar

AKVA 42 bar

AKVH 90 bar

CCM High pressure standstill capable motorized expansion valves

90 bar

CCMT 140 bar

ETSElectronically operated expansion valves

ICM Industrial motorized expansion valves 65 bar

ICMTSHigh pressure industrial motorized expansion valves

140 bar

Electronic pressure & temperature regulating valves

CCM Standstill capable electronic backpressure regulators

90 bar

CCMT 140 bar

KVS Electronic suction modulating valves

ICM Industrial motorized regulating valves 65 bar

ICMTSHigh pressure industrial motorized regulating valves

140 bar

Sensors & transmitters

AKS 32 1-5/0-10/0-5/1-6 Vdc, high accuracy 100 bar

AKS 32 R0.5 – 4.5 Vdc@5 V supply, ratiometric, compact

55 bar

AKS 33 4-20 mA, high accuracy 55 bar

AKS 3000 4-20 mA, compact 100 bar

AKS 11

Temperature sensors, Pt 1000

AKS 12

AKS 21

GD Gas detecting sensors

Heat exchangersMPHE MicroPlate heat exchangers

MCHE MicroChannel heat exchangers

1 Parameters for other refrigerants can be entered manually2 Qualification in progress

Refrigerants

Product grouping Product Product description CO2 NH3

R290, R600 R32 R407A R407F

Thermostatic expansion valves

TUB/TCBStainless steel thermostatic expansion valves

42 bar

TUC/TCC 42 bar

T2 Small thermostatic expansion valves

TD1 Thermostatic expansion valves

TGE Large thermostatic expansion valves

TEA Industrial thermostatic expansion valves

Solenoid valves

EVR Allround solenoid valves

EVRA Solenoid valves 42 bar

EVRH High pressure solenoid valves 46 bar

EVU Semi-hermetic solenoid valves 70 bar

EVUL Fully-hermetic solenoid valves 90 bar

ICLX Flexline™ solenoid valves 52 bar

Valve stations ICF Flexline™ valve stations 52 bar

Mechanical pressure & temperature regulating valves

KVD Receiver pressure regulators

KVC Capacity regulators

KVL Crankcase pressure regulators

KVP Evaporating pressure regulators

KVR Condensing pressure regulators

CPCE Hot gas bypass regulating valves

ICS Mechanical backpressure regulators 52 bar

REG-S Flexline™ regulating valves 52 bar

Switches

AKS 38 Electro-mechanical float switches 28 bar

KPPressure switches

46 bar

RT

MPDifferential pressure switches

RT

CCB Cartridge pressure controls 165 bar

Water regulating valves

WVFX

Pressure operated water valves

WVO

WVS

Filters & driers

DCR

Receiver filter driers

46 bar

DMC

DCC

DMLLiquid line filter driers

46 bar

DCL

DMBBi-flow filter driers

46 bar

DCB

DAS Burn-out filter driers

DMT Filter driers for transcritical applications 140 bar

FIA Flexline™ filters 65 bar

Check valves

NRVPiston check valves

90 bar

NRVA

CHV-X Flexline™ check valves 65 bar

SCA-X Flexline™ check & stop valves 65 bar

Shut-off valves

GBC Shut-off ball valves 90 bar

BML Shut-off diaphragm valves

SVA Flexline™ stop valves 65 bar

Sight glasses

SG Sight glasses for low pressures

SGP Sight glasses for high pressures 52 bar

MLI Sight glasses

Our portfolio is constantly being updated – to see an updated list of our low-GWP products go to www.danfoss.com/lowGWP.Please contact your local Danfoss sales office for further documentation and support.

Thinking aboutClimate SustainabilityDanfoss encourages the industry to continue to speed up its contribution to a cleaner environment and a cleaner image! We are committed to improving the climate by providing the world of refrigeration and air conditioning with greener technology.

For many years, Danfoss has focused on natural refrigerants (low-GWP) for many years and today boasts a broad product range for NH3, HC and CO2 refrigerant applications. Many of the already available technologies, products and services from Danfoss Refrigeration and Air Conditioning can save energy and minimise the Green House Gasses (GHG) emissions. And we continue to develop new components suitable for natural refrigerants.

DKRCC.PB.000.M1.02 / 520H8426 Danfoss A/S, February-2014

Read more about energy efficiency and your refrigerant options – including CO2, Ammonia, hydrocarbons, and R32 www.danfoss.com/lowGWP

Danfoss – your expert in solutions for today’s and tomorrow’s refrigerant challenges. For more information please visit us at danfoss.com or contact your local Danfoss sales office.