Making it useful

Organic Chemistry

What element provides the backbone for all life?

What property makes it so special?

Good ol’ Carbon

4 electrons in valence that can have 8

Can covalently bond with 4 other elements

Strong bonds!! Can form different shapes

Macromoleculesaka Polymers

4 different types

Formed by groups of carbon molecules

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Each has unique characteristic

Carbohydrates1 Carbon 2 Hydrogen 1 Oxygen

(CH2O)n

Provide easy energy

3 types with different functions

Monosaccharide

Glucose

Disaccharide

Sucrose, lactose

Polysaccharide

Glycogen

Hitting the WallThe destructive power of extreme endurance races

2 halves to a marathon

First 20 miles and the last 6 miles

Glycogen stores are burned up after 20 miles

Body starts to burn protein

Bonking

Carbs as structural supportChitin and Cellulose

Exoskeletons (Lobsters)

Plant cell walls

Lipids

Fats, oils, and waxes

Do no like waterMajor energy storage

Saturated, Unsaturated, & Polyunsaturated

PhospholipidsProvide structure for cell membrane

Two parts, hydrophilic headand hydrophobic tail.

Separates inside from outside

Proteins

Made of carbon compounds called amino acids

Amino acids: Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, sometimes sulfur

Share common structure

Four Carbon covalent bonds:Hydrogen (-H)Amino group (-NH2)Carboxyl group (-COOH)Variable group (-R)

Proteins

Made up of combinations of amino acids

These amino acids joined by covalent bonds called peptide bonds.

Primary structure is when the amino acids are formed

Secondary structure is when the chain forms 3D structure

Tertiary structure is when pleats and helices form glob

Quaternary structure forms when proteins combine

Protein Function15% of total body mass

Involved in nearly every bodily function

Muscles, skin, hair, cells

10,000 different proteins provide structural support, transport substances, cell communication, chemical reactions

Nucleic Acids

Store and transmit genetic information

Composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, & hydrogen

Nucleic Acid StructureNitrogen base

Phosphorus group

Sugar and phosphate will bond

Nitrogen base will form hydrogen bonds

DNA or RNA

Nucleic Acid Function

Store and transmit genetic information

Nucleotide with 3 phosphates, ATP adenosine triphosphate used for energy

Provide template for protein formation