Making Inferences
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Making Inferences
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Does it make sense to you?
(warm-up task)
“He put down $10 at the window. The woman behind the window gave $4. The person next to him gave $3, but he gave it back to her. So, when they went inside, she bought him a large bag of popcorn.”
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Possible inferences…
• Man & woman: went on a date to the movie
• Ticket: $3 each man paid for both himself and the woman (total = $6).
• Man got the change back ($10-$3-$3=$4)• The woman wanted to give him $3 for the
ticket but he declined.• Therefore, she bought popcorn to call it
even.
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What if we don’t know how to make inferences?
• Tom: Are you free tonight?• Mary: yes.• Tom: I’ve two tickets for the concert.• Mary: I see.• Tom: So…• Mary: What?• Tom: Do you like to go with me?• Mary: Oh! Sounds good
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Decoding inferences• “Are you free tonight”= want to
ask her to do something.
• “I’ve two tickets”= want to take her out to the cinema.
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Definition
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Making inferences
“When a reader adds information that he or she already knows to what is stated, the reader is making an inference!” Beech (2005)
It is a kind of guess!
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In simple words, making inferences is…
Reading between the lines!
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Inside the classroom…
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How to begin with the students?• 1) use an everyday occurrence to
demonstrate the idea of making inferences.
• 2) use a short piece of text and ask the students to annotate as many inferences as they can.
• 3) can use bumper stickers to write the internal text that comes from the external text
• 4) use the think aloud approach!
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Non-fiction text
Text type: News report (Longman Express 2B)
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Activity 2Inferring the meaning of
unknown words
1st paragraph (example): A wealthy local businessman was fou
nd dead yesterday at his home on The Peak. Police believe that Albert Sung, a jewellery shopowner, was murdered.
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Activity 2Inferring the meaning of
unknown words 1st paragraph (example): A wealthy local businessman was found
dead yesterday at his home on The Peak. Police believe that Albert Sung, a jewellery shopowner, was murdered.
died because of money?
discovered later, rather strange!
involving police perhaps he didn’tdie naturally
passive voice!
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“Um…let me think…in this paragraph I can see that the dead man was wealthy, that means he had a lot of money…but he died suddenly, and that attracted the police to come…seems a bit strange, so I guess he didn’t die naturally. At the end I spot the use of passive voice, that means he didn’t cause the death himself, or die from an illness. Perhaps... he was killed by someone.”
Think Aloud Approach!
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Remember, when using the
think aloud approach…Don’t be shy
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Guess result Murdered = killed by someone!
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Useful text types for teaching inferences
• 1) editorials (e.g. by comparing the headlines of 2 newspapers reporting the same news)
• 2) documentary (e.g. 60 mins. plus) looking for the director’s point of view
any biases?
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Other means of learning to make inferences
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Using logic problems can help students develop their ability to make
inferences
New Shoes…One day, two mothers and two daughters went shopping for shoes. Their shopping spree was successful — each bought a pair of shoes, and all together, they had three pairs. How is this possible?
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Answer
Only three people went shopping: a grandmother, a mother, and a daughter — but remember that the mother was the grandmother's daughter!
Source: Little Brown, Zoom Zingers, p.49