Making High Quality Circuit Boards in Home Condition

8/9/2019 Making High Quality Circuit Boards in Home Condition

1/20

News|3D-Video, Tuner and LCD|iT-Wednesday|MacLife| Mobile| Laptop| Media|platform C|!pplications " Tools|rinters and erip#erals| ro!udio|ro$ector and TV| Networ%s " &er'ers|

Di(ital audio|Di(ital Video|Di(ital #oto(rap#y| &ite Map| &earc#

Making high-quality printed circuitboards in the "home" conditions

Tahiti! .. Tahiti! ..We were not on any of Tahiti!

We are here and well fed! cat from the movie

Joining with the retreat

Both in domestic and laboratory fees were doing before? There wereseveral ways - for example:

1. drawing pen guides the future;

2. engraved and cut with cutters;

3. stuck tape or duct tape then cut out the picture with a scalpel;

4. makes simple stencils with subse!uent application of the figure

with an airbrush"

The missing elements dorisovyvat pen and retouched with a scalpel"

#t was a long and laborious process re!uiring $risovatelya$remarkable artistic ability and neatness" The thickness of the lines

difficult to fit into the %"& mm repeatability was no each card had to

draw separately which greatly hampered the release of even a verysmall batch of printed circuit boards'hereinafter - PP).

What we hae today!(rogress does not stand still" The days when hams (( painted stone

axes on the skins of the mammoth have sunk into oblivion" )arketintroduction of public chemistry for lithography gives us a verydifferent outlook for (( without metalli*ation of holes in the home"

Briefly review the chemistry that is used today to manufacture (+("

Photoresist,ou can use li!uid or film" ilm in this article will not discuss because

of its scarcity difficulty rolling to the (+B and the lower the !uality of

the output of printed circuit boards".fter analy*ing the proposals of the market # stopped at (/0#T#1 2%

as an optimum photoresist for home production of (("

Purpose

(/0#T#1 2% - photosensitive varnish" 3sed in small-scalemanufacturing of printed circuit boards engravings on copper while

conducting operations related to transfer images to a variety ofmaterials"

Properties4igh expo features provide a good contrast-borne images"

#pplication#t is used in fields related to the transfer of images on glass plastics

metals etc" in small-scale production" )ethod of application specifiedon the container"

$eatures+olor: Blue

5ensity: at 2% 6 + %&7 g 8 cm 9
http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/news/hard/&usg=ALkJrhhfiH_ejDBMJ9IJbhxCw1YaOVyxhghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/news/hard/&usg=ALkJrhhfiH_ejDBMJ9IJbhxCw1YaOVyxhghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/news/hard/&usg=ALkJrhhfiH_ejDBMJ9IJbhxCw1YaOVyxhghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/3dv/&usg=ALkJrhho9wdFYQGA-KSudvFrXOi5h1X7QQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/3dv/&usg=ALkJrhho9wdFYQGA-KSudvFrXOi5h1X7QQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/medium/&usg=ALkJrhhUMcXAgh6VWR82EIh9HC4raVaMUwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/medium/&usg=ALkJrhhUMcXAgh6VWR82EIh9HC4raVaMUwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/medium/&usg=ALkJrhhUMcXAgh6VWR82EIh9HC4raVaMUwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/maclife/&usg=ALkJrhjkyqEdSSICN5IjCXNwQ3t1VMc7tghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/maclife/&usg=ALkJrhjkyqEdSSICN5IjCXNwQ3t1VMc7tghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/maclife/&usg=ALkJrhjkyqEdSSICN5IjCXNwQ3t1VMc7tghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/md/&usg=ALkJrhggfFbkI8QIak4k4kcKalaP5_oIYwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/md/&usg=ALkJrhggfFbkI8QIak4k4kcKalaP5_oIYwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/mobilepc/&usg=ALkJrhhpW99kJglIe50HuqSLTeYQXc2YiAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/mobilepc/&usg=ALkJrhhpW99kJglIe50HuqSLTeYQXc2YiAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/data/&usg=ALkJrhh8X4wla7DIp0JuMT1uRiBtWS_kCAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/data/&usg=ALkJrhh8X4wla7DIp0JuMT1uRiBtWS_kCAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/platform/&usg=ALkJrhj28KNbyF6zTgPRazSE3api896hcghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/platform/&usg=ALkJrhj28KNbyF6zTgPRazSE3api896hcghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/platform/&usg=ALkJrhj28KNbyF6zTgPRazSE3api896hcghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/sw/&usg=ALkJrhjT8h4wqQVg_PFOnQiCSUr_wJuy6Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/printers/&usg=ALkJrhiXAXTAmiIUgBPhFXt4vl9xwpCikAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/printers/&usg=ALkJrhiXAXTAmiIUgBPhFXt4vl9xwpCikAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/printers/&usg=ALkJrhiXAXTAmiIUgBPhFXt4vl9xwpCikAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/pa/&usg=ALkJrhgn9nDywyAtRWmp95v8_3eVQIJTnAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/pa/&usg=ALkJrhgn9nDywyAtRWmp95v8_3eVQIJTnAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/projector/&usg=ALkJrhiESMzWj6unN4dwDXHmx7KMZpU6lghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/projector/&usg=ALkJrhiESMzWj6unN4dwDXHmx7KMZpU6lghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/projector/&usg=ALkJrhiESMzWj6unN4dwDXHmx7KMZpU6lghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/nw/&usg=ALkJrhg3PbGbkGpMdcHELF0r6C9Y2vKvrwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/nw/&usg=ALkJrhg3PbGbkGpMdcHELF0r6C9Y2vKvrwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/ds/&usg=ALkJrhhhV1z4pmye1hWGJYhB6JGJFv35lAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/ds/&usg=ALkJrhhhV1z4pmye1hWGJYhB6JGJFv35lAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/dv/&usg=ALkJrhjlYjTQ0OABCwDGj6u29PvYKKlN-Ahttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/dv/&usg=ALkJrhjlYjTQ0OABCwDGj6u29PvYKKlN-Ahttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/dp/&usg=ALkJrhgyG8Hgpv6hihj-Nhgt7TDKoS0sJghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/dp/&usg=ALkJrhgyG8Hgpv6hihj-Nhgt7TDKoS0sJghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/dp/&usg=ALkJrhgyG8Hgpv6hihj-Nhgt7TDKoS0sJghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/sitemap.shtml&usg=ALkJrhg-MNMgru2WRHWCeZ3pFc2q4Z1K4Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/sitemap.shtml&usg=ALkJrhg-MNMgru2WRHWCeZ3pFc2q4Z1K4Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/news/search/&usg=ALkJrhgVB2p2A1FtjhfY9MAAoLi89q6ZiQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/news/search/&usg=ALkJrhgVB2p2A1FtjhfY9MAAoLi89q6ZiQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/news/hard/&usg=ALkJrhhfiH_ejDBMJ9IJbhxCw1YaOVyxhghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/3dv/&usg=ALkJrhho9wdFYQGA-KSudvFrXOi5h1X7QQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/medium/&usg=ALkJrhhUMcXAgh6VWR82EIh9HC4raVaMUwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/maclife/&usg=ALkJrhjkyqEdSSICN5IjCXNwQ3t1VMc7tghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/md/&usg=ALkJrhggfFbkI8QIak4k4kcKalaP5_oIYwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/mobilepc/&usg=ALkJrhhpW99kJglIe50HuqSLTeYQXc2YiAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/data/&usg=ALkJrhh8X4wla7DIp0JuMT1uRiBtWS_kCAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/platform/&usg=ALkJrhj28KNbyF6zTgPRazSE3api896hcghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/sw/&usg=ALkJrhjT8h4wqQVg_PFOnQiCSUr_wJuy6Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/printers/&usg=ALkJrhiXAXTAmiIUgBPhFXt4vl9xwpCikAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/pa/&usg=ALkJrhgn9nDywyAtRWmp95v8_3eVQIJTnAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/projector/&usg=ALkJrhiESMzWj6unN4dwDXHmx7KMZpU6lghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/nw/&usg=ALkJrhg3PbGbkGpMdcHELF0r6C9Y2vKvrwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/ds/&usg=ALkJrhhhV1z4pmye1hWGJYhB6JGJFv35lAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/dv/&usg=ALkJrhjlYjTQ0OABCwDGj6u29PvYKKlN-Ahttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/dp/&usg=ALkJrhgyG8Hgpv6hihj-Nhgt7TDKoS0sJghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/sitemap.shtml&usg=ALkJrhg-MNMgru2WRHWCeZ3pFc2q4Z1K4Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/news/search/&usg=ALkJrhgVB2p2A1FtjhfY9MAAoLi89q6ZiQ


2/20


3/20

contrast !uickly manifested but washed out and overexposed areasand ne*asvechennye - either too high concentration of the solution orthe poor !uality of the photomask '31 pass freely through the $black$G

to increase the density of the print pattern"

'olutions of copper etchingCxcess copper from printed circuit boards blow off with different

etchants" .mong the people involved in this home often distributedammonium persulfate hydrogen peroxide 4ydrochloric acid copper

sulfate solution salt"#Hm always hounding ferric chloride in a glass container" Ihen

working with a solution needs to be careful and considerate: in contactwith clothing and items remain rusty spots that are difficult to remove

a weak solution of citric acid 'lemon FuiceG or oxalic acid"

. concentrated solution of ferric chloride is heated to %-@% 6 + in a

plunge preparation with a glass rod with a cotton swab on the endgently and without effort are leading to areas where copper is etched

off worse - this is achieved by a finer etching over the entire area of((" #f you do not align to force the speed increases the re!uiredduration of etching and this eventually leads to the fact that in areaswhere copper is released gently begins 3ndercutting tracks" .s a

result we are not what they wanted to get" #t is very desirable toprovide a continuous stirring the etching solution"

(hemicals for washing the photoresistIhat is the easiest way to wash away the photoresist is unnecessary

after the etching? .fter repeated trial and error # settled on anordinary acetone" Ihen he was not - wash off any solvent fornitrokrasok"

'o make a P(*4ow to start a high-!uality printed circuit board? Aight:

(reating high-quality photomaskor its production you can use virtually any modern laser or inkFet

printer" Diven that we use in this article the positive photoresist -where the (+B copper should remain the printer must draw black"

Ihere there should be no copper - the printer does not have to draw". very important point when printing photomask: want to set themaximum watering dye 'in the printer driverG" The more black areaswill be painted the more chances to get great results" The color is notneeded enough black cartridge" rom the program 'the program willnot consider: everyone is free to choose himself - from (+.5 to(aintbrushG which was drawn photomask print on plain paper" Thehigher the print resolution and higher !uality paper the higher the

!uality of the photomask" # recommend at least @%% dpi paper shouldnot be much denser" Ihen printing consider that the side of the sheet

on which the paint is applied the template will be put on the blank (("#f you do otherwise the edges of the conductors in (( will be blurredindistinct" Dive the paint to dry if it was an inkFet printer" Thenimpregnate the paper TA.0(.ACT 2 giving dry and """ photomaskready"

#nstead of paper and enlightenment is possible and even desirable touse a transparent film for laser 'for laser printingG or ink 'inkFetGprinters" (lease note that these films are of une!ual: only oneworking" #f you use laser printing highly recommend making a $dry$run sheet film before printing - Fust drive off a sheet through theprinter simulating the printing but nothing is printing" Ihy do it?Ihen printing fuser 'heaterG warms up sheet which will inevitably

lead to its deformation" .s a result - an error in the geometry of the(( output" #n the manufacture of bilateral (( is fraught with

mismatched layers with all the conse!uences """ .nd with the $dry$run we progreem sheet it is deformed and will be ready to print thetemplate" Ihen you print a list for the second time will pass through


4/20

the fire but at the same strain will be much less significant - it ischecked several times"

#f (( is simple you can draw it by hand in a very user-friendlyprogram with Aussian interface - 0print Jayout 9"%A'K @% >BG"

#n the preparatory phase does not draw too bulky electrical wiring isvery easy to program also Aussified s(lan


5/20

Ie print only in black with a maximum watering dye" )aterial -

transparent film for inkFet printers"

'urface preparation for application of photoresistPPor the production of (( sheet materials are used with image of

copper foil" The most common options - with the thickness of thecopper & and 9 microns" )ost often for the production of

polypropylene used in household foil (+B 'pressed with the adhesivefabric in several layersG glass fiber 'the same thing but used as an

adhesive epoxy resinG and getinaks 'pressed paper with glueG" .t


6/20

least - and sittal (olikor 'high-ceramics - in the home is rarely usedGTeflon 'organic plasticG" The latter is also used for the manufacture ofhigh-fre!uency devices and having very good electrical

characteristics can be used anywhere and everywhere but its use islimited by the high price"

irst of all make sure that the workpiece does not have deepscratches scuffing and corrosion untouched areas" #t is also desirable

to polish the copper mirrors" (olish is not particularly efforts to do

otherwise erase the already thin copper layer '9 micronsG or in anycase we will achieve different thickness of copper on the surface ofthe workpiece" This in turn lead to different rates of etching: faster

pit where thinner" .nd the thinner the conductor on the board - notalways good" Cspecially if it is long and it will flow a decent current" #fthe copper on the workpiece !uality without sin it is enough todegrease the surface"

+he application of the photoresist on the surface ofthe workpiece5isposal fee to a hori*ontal or slightly inclined surfaces and causes

the composition of the aerosol dispenser at a distance ofapproximately 2% cm Ie remember that the most important enemy in

this case - the dust" Cach particle of dust on the surface of theworkpiece - the source of problems" To create a uniform coatingspray an aerosol continuous *ig-*ag motion starting from the upperleft corner" 5o not use aerosol in excessive amounts because itcauses unwanted smudges and leads to nonuniform thickness of the

coating which re!uires a longer exposure time" #n the summer athigh ambient temperatures may re!uire reworking or aerosol should

be sprayed with a smaller distance - to reduce losses fromevaporation" Ihen spraying do not tilt the bottle hard - it leads toincreased consumption of gas propellant and as a conse!uence - theaerosol can !uits although it still remains the photoresist" #f you getunsatisfactory results when applied spray photoresist coating using

centrifugal" #n this case the photoresist is applied to the boardmounted on a rotating table driven 9%%-%%% rpm" .fter the end ofthe coating charge shall not be exposed to strong light" .ccording to

color coating can be approximated by the thickness of the appliedlayer:

light gray - -9 micron;

dark gray - 9-@ microns;

Blue - @-& microns;

5ark blue - more than & microns"

/n the copper color of the coating may have a greenish tint"

The thinner the coating on the workpiece the better the result"

# always nanoshu photoresist in a centrifuge" #n my centrifuge speedof %%-@%% rev 8 min" )ounting should be simple time only at the

ends of the workpiece" .nchoring the workpiece start the centrifugesprayed on the center piece and watch as the photoresist thin layerspreads over the surface" +entrifugal forces the excess photoresistwill be reset to the future of (( so it is recommended to provide aprotective wall so as not to turn the workplace into a pigsty" # use anordinary pot the bottom of a hole in the center is done" Through thishole the axis of the motor on which there is a ground mount in theform of a cross of two aluminum rails on which the $run$ ears clamping

workpieces" The ears are made of aluminum parts clamped to the railnut like $lamb"$ Ihy aluminum? . small specific gravity and

conse!uently less runout at the center of mass deviates from the

center of rotation of the rotation axis of the centrifuge" The moreprecisely center the workpiece the less will be beating at the expenseof the eccentricity of the mass and the less effort re!uired to physicallyfix the centrifuge to the bottom"

(hotoresist done" Dive it to dry for -2% minutes turn the


7/20

workpiece a cover layer on the other side" Ie give another -2%minutes for drying" 5o not forget that out of direct sunlight andfingers on the hand piece workers are not allowed"

+anning photoresist on the surface of the workpiece(lace the workpiece in the oven the temperature gradually be advised

to @%-7% 6 +" .t this temperature stand a 2%-


8/20

minutes" The exposure time depends on the thickness of the coatingand is typically @%-2% seconds at the location of the light source at adistance of 2-9% cm glass plates used can absorb up to @L of 31

and therefore in such cases is necessary to increase the exposuretime" Best results are achieved by using transparent plexiglass plates"

#n applying the photoresist with a long shelf life exposure time mayneed to double - rememberphotoresists exposed to aging!

Cxamples of the use of different light sources:

ight +ime /istance &ote

mercury lamp (hilips 4(A2 9 min" 9% cmcoating of silica glass

thickness of mm

mercury lamp %%%I " min" % cmcoating of silica glass

thickness of mm

%%I mercury lamp 2" min" % cmcoating of silica glass

thickness of mm

!uart* lamp 9%%I 9-< min" 9% cmcoating of silica glass

thickness of mm

sunlight -% min"summer at

noon cloudless

coating of silica glass

thickness of mm

lamp /sram-1italux 9%%I


9/20

running water" #n areas where the photoresist is not begins anintense etching of copper" #f somewhere accidentally left photoresistand carefully remove it mechanically" #t is convenient to do so or

conventional ophthalmic scalpel armed with optics 'glasses forsoldering loops anda watchmaker aloop on a tripod microscopeG"

%tching4erbs in a concentrated solution of ferric chloride at a temperature

%-@% 6 +" #t is desirable to provide a continuous circulation of the

etching solution" Bad bleed seats carefully $massaged$ with a cottonswab on a glass rod" #f ferric chloride freshly cooked the etching timeis typically less than -@ minutes" Iash under running waterharvesting"

The board etched

4ow to prepare a concentrated solution of ferric chloride? 5issolved

in slightly 'to


10/20

holes between the layers" )ovement down the vertical drill press isthe best in terms of load on the tool" +arbide drill bits are made fromrigid 'ie drill exactly matches the diameter of the holeG or thick

'sometimes called a $turbo$G shank having a standard si*e 'usually 9"mmG" Ihen drilling bits with carbide coating is important to

consolidate the hard-(( as a drill with the upward motion can raise ((warp and perpendicular to snatch a fragment of the board"

. small diameter drill bits are usually inserted into a collet 'various

si*esG or three-Faw chuck" or accurate fixation fixation in three-Fawchuck - not the best option and the small si*e drills 'less than mmGis !uickly making grooves in the terminals losing a good fit"

Therefore to drill with a diameter less than mm is better to use acollet chuck" #n any case buy an extra set that contains the sparecollet for each si*e" 0ome cheap drills produced with plastic collets -throw them and buy the metal"

To obtain an acceptable accuracy it is necessary to organi*e aworkplace that is firstly to ensure good coverage of fees for drilling",ou can use the halogen bulb attaching it to a tripod to be able tochoose the position 'to cover the right sideG" 0econd to raise theworking surface of approximately cm above the table top for abetter visual control of the process" #t would be nice to remove dustand shavings during drilling 'you can use a regular vacuum cleanerGbut not necessarily" #t should be noted that the dust from fiberglass

which is formed by drilling a copse and in contact with skin causesirritation of her" inally while working very convenient to use a foot

switch for the drill"

Typical dimensions of the openings:

vias - %"& mm or less;

integrated circuits resistors etc" - %"7-%"& mm;

large diodes ' 1N4001G - "% mm;

terminal blocks trims - " mm"

Try to avoid the holes with a diameter less than %"7 mm" .lways keep

a spare at least two drills of %"& mm or less because they alwaysbreak down at precisely the time when you urgently need to make areservation" 5rills mm or more is much more reliable but for them

would be nice to have a spare" Ihen you need to make two identicalcards then to save time they can be drilled simultaneously" #t must

be very carefully drill holes in the center of the pad around each cornerof (( but for large board - holes located near the center" (lace the

board on each other and using the center of the hole %"9 mm in twoopposite corners and pins as pegs secure the board with respect toeach other"

#f necessary you can countersink the holes of larger diameter drill

bits"

+inning of copper on the P(*#f you want to obludit track on the (+B you can use a soldering iron

mild low-melting solder flux and spirtokanifolnym braided coaxialcable" or large volumes ludyat in bathrooms full low-temperaturesolders with the addition of fluxes"

The most popular and easy to melt tin plating is a fusible alloy $Aose$'Tin - 2L lead - 2L bismuth - %LG melting point E9-E@ 6 +"Board with forceps is placed under the level of the li!uid melt for -%seconds taking check whether all the copper surface is coveredevenly" #f necessary repeat the operation" #mmediately after takingout the motherboard from the melt its remnants are removed eitherwith a rubber s!ueegee or sudden shaking in the direction

perpendicular to the plane of the board while holding the other in time".nother way to remove excess alloy $Aose$ is a board in an oven

heating and shaking" The operation can be repeated to achievemonotolschinnogo coverage" To prevent oxidation of the hot melt into

a container for tinning added glycerine so that it covered the melt rate


11/20

of % mm" .fter the process of glycerol board washed in runningwater" &ote that this operation involves working with plants andmaterials that are under the influence of high temperature so to

prevent burning need to wear protective gloves goggles and aprons"

The operation of tinning tin-lead alloy proceeds similarly but a highermelt temperature limits the application of this method in terms ofhandicraft production"

# want to share another way of tinkering with the alloy $Aose$ is also

proven in practice" /rdinary tap water is poured into a tin or a smallbowl add a little citric acid or vinegar put on the stove" (laced inboiling water board pours a few drops of solidified alloy $Aose$ which

immediately melted in boiling water and cotton wool wound around along pair of twee*ers or a stick 'not to get burned by steamG gently

smeared along the paths" 3pon completion of the water is dischargedand the fro*en remains of an alloy formed in any capacity before the

next use"

5o not forget to clean up after tinning flux of charge and carefully

degreased"

#f you have a big production - it is possible to use chemical tinning"

#pplication of protectie masks

/perations with the application of a protective mask to repeat exactlyeverything that was written above: plot the photoresist dry the

dubim tsentruem masks masks on display exhibits and washed againdubim" eedless to say skip the steps with !uality control display

etching photoresist removal tinning and drilling" .t the end of dubimmask for 2 hours at a temperature of E%-%% 6 + - it will provide a firmand solid like glass" ounded mask protects the surface of (( fromexternal influence and prevents theoretically possible fault in theoperation" #t also plays an important role in automatic soldering -does not $sit$ solder on adFacent areas closing them"

#ll double-sided board with a mask ready# had to do so with a width of (+B tracks and step between them to

%"% mm" '=G But this is a FewelerHs work" . little effort can do (+Bwith wide tracks and a step between the %"-%"2 mm"

/n board as shown in the photographs # mask is satisfactory - therewas no such need"


12/20

The printed circuit board during assembly of components on it

But the device itself which was made for ((:

This cellular telephone bridge that allows 2-% times lower cost of

mobile services - was worth messing with the ((G" (+B withcomponents soldered in the stand " (reviously there had been an

ordinary battery charger for mobile phones"

#dditional information

Metalli1ation of holes.t home you can even plating of holes" To do this the inner surface

of hole 2% is processed by a 9%-percent solution of silver nitrate 'lapisla*uliG" Then the surface is cleaned and s!ueegee board is dried inthe light 'you can use the 31 lampG" The essence of this operation isthat when exposed to light silver nitrate decomposes and the board

are specks of silver" ext is the chemical deposition of copper fromsolution: copper sulfate 'bluestoneG - 2 g sodium hydroxide - < g

ammonia 2 per cent - mJ of glycerol - 9" ml formalin % percent -&- ml Iater - %% ml" 0helf life prepared solution is very small -

need to prepare Fust before use" .fter the copper deposition chargewashed and dried" Jayer is very thin its thickness must be increasedto % microns plated"

'olution for copper plating electroplating

liter of water 2% g of copper sulphate 'bluestoneG and %-&% g ofconcentrated sulfuric acid" The anode is a copper plate suspendedparallel to the covered parts" The voltage should be 9-< in the currentdensity - %%2-%9 . 8 cm 2temperature - &-9% 6 +" The smaller thecurrent the slower the process of plating but the better the resultingcoating"
http://www.ixbt.com/mainboard/pcb/cradle.jpghttp://www.ixbt.com/mainboard/pcb/cradle.jpg


13/20

( fragment of circuit board) where metalli*ation is visible in the hole

2omemade photoresistsPhotoresist based on gelatine and potassium dichromate

The first solution: g gelatine pour @% ml of boiling water and leaveto swell for 2-9 hours" .fter the swelling capacity of gelatin put in awater bath at a temperature of 9%-


14/20

(otential change in the right direction contributes an introduction tothe solution of a salt of tin complexing agents - thiourea 'thioureaG"This type of solutions have the following composition 'g 8 lG:

# 3 4 5

Tin dichloride SnCl 2*2H 2O " &" 2% %

Thiourea CS(NH 2) 2 % 9-% - -

0ulphuric acid H 2SO 4 - 9%-


15/20

!pplications " Tools|rinters and erip#erals| ro!udio|ro$ector and TV| Networ%s " &er'ers|Di(ital audio|Di(ital Video| Di(ital #oto(rap#y|&ite Map|&earc#

+opyright by i6*+.comEE7-2%2" (roduced by i6*+.com
http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/sw/&usg=ALkJrhjT8h4wqQVg_PFOnQiCSUr_wJuy6Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/printers/&usg=ALkJrhiXAXTAmiIUgBPhFXt4vl9xwpCikAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/printers/&usg=ALkJrhiXAXTAmiIUgBPhFXt4vl9xwpCikAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/printers/&usg=ALkJrhiXAXTAmiIUgBPhFXt4vl9xwpCikAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/pa/&usg=ALkJrhgn9nDywyAtRWmp95v8_3eVQIJTnAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/pa/&usg=ALkJrhgn9nDywyAtRWmp95v8_3eVQIJTnAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/projector/&usg=ALkJrhiESMzWj6unN4dwDXHmx7KMZpU6lghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/projector/&usg=ALkJrhiESMzWj6unN4dwDXHmx7KMZpU6lghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/projector/&usg=ALkJrhiESMzWj6unN4dwDXHmx7KMZpU6lghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/nw/&usg=ALkJrhg3PbGbkGpMdcHELF0r6C9Y2vKvrwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/nw/&usg=ALkJrhg3PbGbkGpMdcHELF0r6C9Y2vKvrwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/ds/&usg=ALkJrhhhV1z4pmye1hWGJYhB6JGJFv35lAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/dv/&usg=ALkJrhjlYjTQ0OABCwDGj6u29PvYKKlN-Ahttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/dv/&usg=ALkJrhjlYjTQ0OABCwDGj6u29PvYKKlN-Ahttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/dv/&usg=ALkJrhjlYjTQ0OABCwDGj6u29PvYKKlN-Ahttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/dp/&usg=ALkJrhgyG8Hgpv6hihj-Nhgt7TDKoS0sJghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/sitemap.shtml&usg=ALkJrhg-MNMgru2WRHWCeZ3pFc2q4Z1K4Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/sitemap.shtml&usg=ALkJrhg-MNMgru2WRHWCeZ3pFc2q4Z1K4Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/news/search/&usg=ALkJrhgVB2p2A1FtjhfY9MAAoLi89q6ZiQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/news/search/&usg=ALkJrhgVB2p2A1FtjhfY9MAAoLi89q6ZiQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/sw/&usg=ALkJrhjT8h4wqQVg_PFOnQiCSUr_wJuy6Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/printers/&usg=ALkJrhiXAXTAmiIUgBPhFXt4vl9xwpCikAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/pa/&usg=ALkJrhgn9nDywyAtRWmp95v8_3eVQIJTnAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/projector/&usg=ALkJrhiESMzWj6unN4dwDXHmx7KMZpU6lghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/nw/&usg=ALkJrhg3PbGbkGpMdcHELF0r6C9Y2vKvrwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/ds/&usg=ALkJrhhhV1z4pmye1hWGJYhB6JGJFv35lAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/dv/&usg=ALkJrhjlYjTQ0OABCwDGj6u29PvYKKlN-Ahttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/dp/&usg=ALkJrhgyG8Hgpv6hihj-Nhgt7TDKoS0sJghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/sitemap.shtml&usg=ALkJrhg-MNMgru2WRHWCeZ3pFc2q4Z1K4Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.ixbt.com/news/search/&usg=ALkJrhgVB2p2A1FtjhfY9MAAoLi89q6ZiQ


16/20


17/20


18/20


19/20


20/20

Making High Quality Circuit Boards in Home Condition

Documents

Transcript of Making High Quality Circuit Boards in Home Condition