Making Effective and Professional Oral Presentations
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Transcript of Making Effective and Professional Oral Presentations
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Making Effective and
Professional OralPresentations
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2
Identifyyour
purpose
Understand
your
audience
Organize
the
conclusion
Organize
the
bodyOrganize
the
introduction
Getting Readyfor an Oral
Presentation
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X Identify Your Purpose
What do you want
your audience to
believe, remember,or do when you
finish?
Aim all parts of yourtalk toward your
purpose.
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Y Understand Your Audience
Analyze audience, anticipate its reactions,
and making appropriate adaptations.
Age, gender, education, experience and
attitude toward the subject will affect your
style and message content
Accordingly determine your strategy,
vocabulary, illustrations and level of detail
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Z Organize the Introduction
Capture listeners attention and
get them involved.
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A PromiseBy the end of my talk,
you will . . . .
Drama
tell a moving story;describe a problem.
Eye contactcommandattention by making eye
contact with as many peopleas possible.
Ten Techniques for Getting
Your Audiences Attention
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Movement
leave the lectern area. Move
toward the audience.
Questionsask for a show of hands. Use a
rhetorical question. Demonstrationsinclude a member of the
audience.
Samples, gimmicks
award prizes to
volunteer participants; pass out samples.
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Visualsuse graphics
and other visual aids.
Dressprofessionaldress helps you look more
competent and qualified
Appeal to the
audiences self-
interestaudience
members want to know,What's in it for me?
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Z Organize the Introduction
Capture listeners attention and
get them involved.
Identify yourself and establishyour credibility.
Preview your main points.
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Develop two to four main points. Streamline
your topic and summarize its principal parts.
Arrange the points logically by a specific
pattern.
Prepare transitions to guide the audience.
[ Organize the Body
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Using Verbal Signposts to Transition
SwitchingDirections
I've just discussed three reasonsfor X. Now I want to move on to Y.
Up to this point, I've concentratedon . . .; now let's look at another
significant factor . . .
As you can see, we have twoprimary reasons explaining . . .
Summarizing
Previewing
Now let's look at three reasonsfor . . .
My next major point focuses on . . .
Let me review the two majorfactors I've just covered. . .
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Develop two to four main points. Streamline
your topic and summarize its principal parts.
Arrange the points logically by a specific
pattern.
Prepare transitions to guide the audience.
Have extra material ready. Be prepared with
more information and visuals if needed.
[ Organize the Body
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Supporting YourMain Points*
Type Use Comments
Example Illustrate
ClarifyAdd interest
Consider preceding or
following with relevant story.
Story Prove point
Illustrate
Adapt to audience.
Must support thesis.
Control length.
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Type Use Comments
Quotation Prove point
Add credibility
Add interest
Cite source.
May paraphrase or read
verbatim.
Follow up with restatement or
explanation.
Comparison Improveunderstanding
Add figurative
interest
Link familiar with unfamiliar.
Be sure comparison or
analogy is valid.
Statistics Prove pointAdd credibility
Link to audience needs.Use sparingly; round off.
Support with visuals,
handouts.
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\ Organize the Conclusion
Summarize the main themes of the
presentation.
Provide a final action-oriented focus.Explain how listeners can use this
information or what you want them to do.
Include a final statement that leaves a
lasting impression.
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Sending Positive
Nonverbal Messages: Body Language
Posture When called upon to address, walk sprightly and stand at ease
Use your hands for appropriate gestures but there should be no peculiar flourishes
Dont fidget, try to feel relaxed
If a microphone is being used keep yourself 8-10 away
Eye Contact (one of the most immediate and effective means ofestablishing rapport)
Look at audience and pause for a while before you say anything
While speaking maintain eye contact with audience Through eye contact you get the signal whether the channel of communication is open
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Sending Positive Non-verbal Messages: Voice
Modulations
Variation in the pitch and tempo of the voice is
essential to convey message effectively.
Fast delivery betrays lack of confidence.
Pronounce words properly with stresses at the
right place.
Speak loud enough
Avoid nasalization and vocalized pauses
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Objects
for
demonstration
Video
Flipcharts
or
whiteboards
Handouts
Transparencies
Multimediaslides
Enhancing YourEnhancing Your
PresentationPresentationWith VisualWith Visual
AidsAids
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Pros Cons
Easy to prepare,
update, and use
Readily available
equipment
May seem out-
dated
Holds speaker
close to projector
Poor photo repro-
duction
Professional
effect
Graphic options
Easy to make andupdate
Requires costly
equipment and
practice to use
Equipment mayfail
Medium
Multimedia
slides
Transparencies
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Encourages
audience
participation
Enhances recall
Risks unauthorized
duplication and
loss of audience
control
Inexpensive
Easy to create,
modify, or
customize on the
spot
Requires talent
Difficult to see
Cumbersome to
transport
Pros ConsMedium
Handouts
Flipcharts
orwhiteboards
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Accurate portrayal
of content
Suggests serious
preparation
Expensive to
create and update
Incompatibility
issues
Realistic effects
Increases audience
participation
Extra work and
expensive to trans-
port and replace
Limited use with
large audience
Pros ConsMedium
Video
Objects
fordemonstration
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22
Create an
appropriatetemplate
Build
bullet
points
Add
multimedia
and other
effects
Designing an Impressive
Multimedia Presentation
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X Create an Appropriate Template
Combine harmonious colors, borders, bulletstyles, and fonts.
Avoid visual clichs.
Use light text on dark background fordarkened rooms.
Use dark text on light background for lightedrooms
Alter layouts by repositioning, resizing, orchanging fonts in placeholder slides.
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Y Build Bullet Points
Focus on major concepts only.
Use concise phrases balanced
grammatically.Add graphics to illustrate and add
interest.
Avoid using too many transitioneffects.
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Revising Slide to Improve Bullet
Points and Add Illustration
Improves wording and
includes an illustration
for added punch.
Does not use
parallel wording.
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ZAdd Multimedia and Other Effects
Consider adding sound, animation,
and video.
Include hyperlinks ("hot spots" on thescreen) to jump to sources outside
your presentation.
Avoid too many "bells and whistles."
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Converting a Bulleted List to an
AnimatedDiagram
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Using a BarChart to Illustrate a Concept
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Avoid Being Upstaged
by Your Slides Perfect your handling of the visual aids
and the operation of any equipment or
remote controls you may be using. Use your slides only to summarize
important points.
Look at the audience, not the screen.
Do not read from a slide. Paraphrase.
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Use a radio remote control to advance slides.
Use a laser pointer to highlight slide items.
Don't rely totally on your slides to deliver a
presentation. Remember that the audience
came to see and hear you. In case of equipment failure, bring backups of
your presentation.
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Delivering Your
Presentation Effectively
Speak from note cards
Practice using your notes while
using a remote control to advanceyour slides.
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Memorize
significant parts
such as the
introduction,
conclusion, or ameaningful
quotation.
Talk to the
audienceconversationally.
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Stomach
butterflies
Pounding heart
Shortage of
breath
Sweaty palms
Reacting to Stage Fright Symptoms
Dry throat
Unsteady voice
Trembling hands
Tied tongue
Wobbly knees
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Overcoming Stage Fright
Just before you begin to talk, take some
deep breaths.
Convert your fear into anticipation andenthusiasm.
Select a familiar, relevant topic.
Prepare 150 percent. Use positive self-talk.
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Shift the focus from yourself to yourvisual aids.
Ignore stumbles; keep going. Don't
apologize. Feel proud when you finish.
Reward yourself.