WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT GREECE?

Make a list of everything that you know in your notes.

ANCIENT

GREECE GEOGRA

PHY

HOW HAS THE GEOGRAPHY OF UTAH IMPACTED YOUR LIVES?

DrivingVacationSchool

ClothingRecreation

Geography had the same impacts on Ancient Greeks

Geography Shapes Greek Life

Consisted of mainly mountainous peninsula jutting into the Mediterranean Sea

Included approximately 1,400 islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas

Lands on the western coast of Anatolia were also part of ancient Greece

Physical GeographyGreece is very mountainous 75% of Greece is covered by

mountains Difficult to farmSurrounded by seas Greece is located on the Balkan

Peninsula Made trade easier

Could get what they could not growAlso brought ideas back with them

The Land

Mountains divided the land into a number of different regions

Mountains made it difficult to unite the Greeks under a single government

Developed small independent community within each valley

Made land transportation difficult

Effects With so little fertile land or fresh

water for irrigation, Greece was never able to support a large population

Based their diet on basic staple crops Grains, grapes, olives

Desire for more living space, grassland for raising livestock, and adequate farmland were factors that motivated the Greeks to seek new sites for colonies

The Sea Sea shaped Greek civilization Lived around a sea rather than on the

land The seas were important

transportation routes (liquid highways) Connected Greece with other societies Sea travel and trade were

important because Greece was poor in natural resources Lacked timber, precious metals, and

usable farmland

CLIMATE OF ANCIENT GREECE

Greece has a Mediterranean climateOnly 20% of the land was suitable for farming• Winters are mild and wet

– allows for limited farming– grapes and olives

• Summers are warm and dry– leads to drought– grapes and olives are one of the few plants that can survive the summer droughts

Ancient Greek CultureCut off by mountains and the seas Isolated

Led to the formation of city-states Limited interaction and unity of Ancient

Greece Created fierce rivalries

Sea became a vital link Hundreds of bays to provide safe harbor for

ships Skilled sailors

Traded olive oil, wine, and marble Returned with grains, metals, and ideas

Adapted the Phoenician alphabet Became basis for all Western alphabets

ERAS IN GREEK CIVILIZATION

DEVELOPMENT

ARCHAIC GREECE

1650 B.C. – 700 B.C.

3 Civilizations

Minoans Mycenaean's Dorians

MINOAN CIVILIZATION

2000 B.C. – 1400 B.C.

Flourished on Island of CreteLightly color Crete on your mapCreate a key and label the key

Minoan Civilization and the time period

Crete: Minoan Civilization

(Palace at Knossos)

Built by King Minos

Crete: Minoan Civilization

(Palace at Knossos)

Built by King Minos

Palace of King Minos – North Entrance

Palace of King Minos – North Entrance

Palace of King Minos - Interiors

Palace of King Minos - Interiors

Palace of King Minos – Throne Room

Palace of King Minos – Throne Room

Minoan LadiesMinoan Ladies

Minoan Culture - Religion

Minoan Culture - Religion

Minoan PriestMinoan Snake

Goddess

Bull CultBull Cult

Great trading power Carried goods from the Black Sea

to the Nile Valley and Phoenicia Exchanged olive oil, honey, and

wine for gold, precious stones, grain and linen

Wealthy merchants spent lavishly on their homes and personal comforts rather than on temples and tombs

Minoan

Trade

Minoan

Trade

“Bireme” ship

Coast of Crete

26

The Minoans• Earthquake (around 1700 BCE)• Volcanic eruption (around 1500 BCE)• Tidal waves (following volcanic eruption) • The Minoans disappear

“Good thing we did not build there!” the Greeks agreed happily.

Natural disasters hit Crete!

MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION

2000 B.C. – 1200 B.C.

On your map lightly color the Mycenaean civilization

Include this civilization and time period in your key as well

Label Mycenae on your map

2000 B.C. invaded Greece from the north

Built on the achievements of the Minoans

Mycenae Located on a steep rocky cliff Surrounded by a protective wall

up to 20 feet thick Could withstand almost any

attack Warrior-kings ruled the

surrounding villages and farmsKings dominated Greece from

1600 – 1200 B.C.

Aerial View of Mycenae

Aerial View of Mycenae

Mycenae Citadel & Reconstruction

Mycenae Citadel & Reconstruction

The Trojan War

Add this to your map and key

The Trojan War

Add this to your map and key

Trojan War

1250 B.C .banded together under the leadership of the king of Mycenae to attack Troy, a rival power

Troy controlled trading routes between the Aegean and Black Seas

Read the Trojan War Handout

Answer the questions in your notebook. Title this TROJAN WAR ANSWERS

The Trojan War

1200 B.C. Mycenaean Kings fought a 10 year war against Troy (an independent trading city located in Anatolia)

Trojan youth kidnapped Helen Many thought stories were fictional

until…

Sir Heinrich SchliemannSir Heinrich Schliemann

German Archeologist

Plan of the City of TroyPlan of the City of Troy

The Seven “Layers” of Ancient Troy

The Seven “Layers” of Ancient Troy

The Seven “Layers” of Ancient Troy

The Seven “Layers” of Ancient Troy

Homer’s Troy(VII)

Original Wall of the City of Troy

Original Wall of the City of Troy

Wall of Troy RecreatedWall of Troy Recreated

Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey Composed in 750 B.C. Tells the story Paris, a Trojan prince kidnapped

Helen the wife of the King of Sparta The Spartan King and his brother

Agamemnon, of Mycenae involved all of Greece in the effort to rescue Helen

After 10 years of war, Troy destroyed the Trojans into exile

The “Trojan Horse”?The “Trojan Horse”?

DORIAN CIVILIZATION

.

DORIANS

1200 B.C. – 700 B.C.

(DORIANS}

Around 1200 B.C. sea raiders attacked and burned palace after palace The Dorians hadiron weapons!

Dorians moved in

Far less advancedCentral economy collapsedTrade came to a standstillTemporarily forgot the art of writing (no written record exists for 400 years)

Little known about this period

Also called the Homeric AgeLearning took place through the

spoken wordHomer – Greatest storyteller -

Blind

Greek Culture

Declined

Greek Culture

Declined

Homer, the Blind Poet

Homer, the Blind Poet

Epics of Homer Lacking writing, Greeks learned about the

Trojan War through the spoken word Greatest storyteller was a blind poet

named Homer Trojan War forms the backdrop for the Iliad

and the Odyssey

Homer’s Great EpicsHomer’s Great Epics

Greeks Create Myths

Developed a rich set of myths, or traditional stories, about their gods

Sought to understand the mysteries of nature and human passion