Major World Religions
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Transcript of Major World Religions
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Major World ReligionsSOL WHII.15
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Warm-up:How have the five world religions had a profound impact on culture and civilization?What are some characteristics of the five major world religions?
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Monotheism Belief in only one God Three monotheistic religions
Judaism Christianity Islam
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JUDAISM Semitic Religion Based on the history of Hebrews (who
were an ethnic group from the Fertile Crescent)
Hebrew God=Yaweh Holy Text=Torah
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JUDAISM HISTORY Hebrews originated in Mesopotamia around
the Fertile Crescent Abraham—covenant with God From there they went to Canaan or
Palestine Forced to Egypt—enslaved Moses leads from slavery Return to Palestine (present day Israel)–
believe God promised land to them David was king who united Hebrew tribes
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JUDAISM-BELIEFS Hebrew beliefs=religion of Judaism Monotheistic Basis=laws that governed daily life Ten Commandments Rabbis Diaspora
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JEWISH INFORMATION Belief in the messiah Mitzvoth Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Conservative
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JEWISH RITUALS Circumcision Bar/Bat mitzvah Death=usually no cremation or
embalming Funeral w/in 1-2 days in wooden casket Kippah or Yamekah
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JEWISH HOLIDAYS Chanukah Rosh Hashanah Yom Kippur Passover
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Where in the world can we find Judaism? Concentrated in Israel, Europe, North
America and the Middle East
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CHRISTIANITY HISTORY Emerged from the Roman Empire Emerged as a result of Jesus (Son of
God) Life of Jesus=Gospels (1st 4 books of
New Testament) Christianity began as a sect of Judaism
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CHRISTIANITY--Jesus Jesus-the messiah Disciples Moved to Jerusalem
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Similarities/Differences in Jesus’ teaching and JudaismSIMILARITIES Monotheistic Ten
Commandments Laws of Moses
DIFFERENCES Jesus is the Son of
God Jesus is the Messiah Jesus could provide
salvation and eternal life for believers
Preached forgiveness Christians belief in
Trinity
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JESUS’ LIFE Feared by Jewish priests Feared by Roman leaders Betrayed by a disciple Arrested by Romans Tried by Pontius Pilate Condemned and Executed by Crucifixion Paul—spread Christianity
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Where in the world can we find Christianity? Concentrated in Europe and the Middle
East
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Warm-up: Why are the cities of Mecca and Medina
important to Muslims?
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ISLAM Arabian Peninsula-major trade route Mecca—market and location of the
Kaa’ba Monotheistic Religion Medina
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Muhammad’s Life Successful merchant Married Kadejah/raised by an uncle At 40-met angel Gabriel in a cave while
meditating Was told to spread the word of God or
Allah Islam—submission Muhammad and followers were forced
to leave Mecca
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Muhammad’s Life (cont.) In 622, journey to Medina—hijra 1st year of Muslim calendar In 630,returned to Mecca—destroyed
statues in kaa’ba Spread by caliphs
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Religious Principles Monotheistic religion God is called Allah Holy Book=Koran (Quran) Judgment Day Five Pillars Jihad Harsh penalties for crimes No pork or alcohol
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Five Pillars 1. Declaration of Faith 2. Daily Prayer 3. Alms 4. Fasting 5. Hajj
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DIFFERENT SECTS Sunni Muslims
Largest group Traditional path Islamic leader DOES NOT need to be a
direct descendant of Muhammad Elect caliphs based on ability Entire Islamic community to be judged on
the Day of Judgment
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DIFFERENT SECTS Shi’ite Muslims
Believe that only descendants of Ali should lead Islam
Believe that the Imam is the only person that can guide a Muslim to salvation
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RITUALS AND RITES OF PASSAGE Celebration of birth Men and women usually do not mingle
together Polygamy—up to 4 wives Death is marked by simplicity
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Where in the world can we find Islam? Located in parts of Asia, Africa, and
southern Europe
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What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
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Monotheistic Religions
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Monotheistic Religions
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HINDUISM No single founder No single text Religion based on compilation of many
beliefs and many people Hundreds of gods and goddesses—Many
forms of one deity (God) Numerous ways to worship
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BASIC BELIEFS Polytheistic (some consider it monotheistic?) Important gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva Gods can be in human or animal form Believe in atman Ultimate goal is to reach moksha Reincarnation Dharma—duties Karma—Knowledge that all
thoughts and actions result in future consequences
All life is ranked
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CASTE SYSTEM 1. Brahmans 2. Kastriyas 3. Vaisyas 4. Sudras 5. Untouchables
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Principles of Hinduism Vedas and Upanishads Nonviolent Cleanliness/ritual bathing (Ganges River) Pilgrimage Name ceremony for new baby Ear piercing ceremony Hair cut Rite of passage ceremony Marriages are arranged Cremation at death
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Where in the world can we find Hinduism? Located in India and part of Southeast
Asia
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Buddhism Grew out of Hinduism—spread of Buddhism
from India to China as a result of Asoka’s missionaries and their writings
Founder = Siddartha Gautama Gautama was a Prince Sheltered in a castle—in luxury He left the castle and saw suffering Meditated beneath a fig tree (48 days) Realized causes of suffering—became
known as Buddha-”Enlightened One”
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Buddhism 4 Noble Truths Eightfold Path Nirvana Reincarnation
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Similarities and Differences of Buddhism to Hinduism Similarities
Honesty Charity Kindness Nonviolence
Differences No formal rituals No polytheism No god Just a spirit of the
universe
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Buddhism Followers established
monasteries/convents Birth ceremony Dalai Lama—most sacred religious
leader within Buddhism
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Where in the world can we find Buddhism? Located in East and Southeast Asia
(China)
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Hinduism/Buddhism
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Create a Map Using the map provided please identify
the world religions Color code your map using colored
pencils
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Location of the World’s Major Religions