MAJOR TYPES OF ECOSYSTEMS.pptx

8/10/2019 MAJOR TYPES OF ECOSYSTEMS.pptx

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MAJOR TYPES OF

ECOSYSTEMSTERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS

AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

Ms. Catherine T. Aano (Fulltime Lecturer)


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TERRESTRIALECOSYSTEMS

A terrestrial ecosystem is an

ecosystem found only on landforms.

Six primary terrestrial ecosystems

exist:

tundra,

taiga,

temperate deciduous forest,

tropical rain forest,

grassland; and

desert.



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TUNDRA

An ecosystem situated near the

North Pole in the Arctic Circle; thus,

the coldest and driest of all terrestrial

ecosystems.

Winters are extremely cold with

temperatures typically below -34 C.

The summers last only about two

months and the temperatures are still

very cold ranging from 3to 12C.



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TUNDRA

The word tundra comes from the

Finnish word tuntur ia which meanstreeless land.

There are two types of tundra - arctic

tundra and alpine tundra. The arctictundra is located within the Arctic

Circle while the alpine tundra is the

area high in the mountains above

trees.

The largest animal that lives in the

tundra ecosystem is the polar bear.



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TUNDRA

Arctic Tundra Alpine Tundra



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Tundra in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.


7/35Ms. Catherine T. Aano (Fulltime Lecturer)

Polar bears Beetle

Long-tailed weasel


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TAIGA

The largest terrestrial ecosystem and

extends across Europe, North

America and Asia.

It is also known as coniferous forest

or boreal forest.

It has short, wet summers and long,

cold winters. It gets plenty of snow

during the winter and plenty of

rainfall during the summer.




Taiga


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TEMPERATEDECIDUOUSFOREST

It experiences all four seasons-

winter, spring, summer, and fall.

The four seasons are easily

recognizable and each lasts about 3

months.

It is located in the United States,

Canada, Europe, China, Japan and

some parts of Russia.

Its soil is very fertile and rich with

nutrients.



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TEMPERATEDECIDUOUSFOREST

Black bears and wolves are very

common animals that live in the

temperate deciduous forest ecosystem.

The growing season of the temperate

deciduous forest lasts about six months. The leaves of deciduous trees change

color in the fall because the plant or tree

stops producing chlorophyll which iswhat gives them their green color.



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TROPICALRAINFOREST

An ecosystem that covers about 7% of

the Earthssurface.

Majority of the tropical rain forests lies

in South America in Brazil.

Tropical rainforests are one of the

oldest ecosystems on Earth.

It is responsible for the majority of the

oxygen production in the air that webreathe.



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Amazon Rainforest


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GRASSLAND

Grasslands are also known as prairies

and savannas.

Grasslands are normally situated

between a forest and a desert. In fact,

grasslands surround every desert in

Asia.

Twenty-five percent of the Earth is

covered by the grassland ecosystem. There is a grassland on each continent

with the exception of Antarctica.



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GRASSLAND

Tropical and temperate are the two

kinds of grasslands. Tropical

grasslands experience warm weather

all year long while temperate

grasslands are warm part of the year

and very cold during the other part.

Grasslands are perfect for cropping

and pasturing because its soil runsdeep and is extremely fertile.



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GRASSLAND

Tropical grasslands are located in the

Southern Hemisphere while temperategrasslands are located in the Northern

Hemisphere.

Animals that you can expect to find ina grassland ecosystem are zebras,

lions, wolves, prairie dogs, and foxes.

The grasslands in the United States

are known as prairies and are

considered to be temperate

grasslands.



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A grassland west of Coalinga, California.


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Savanna in the Samburu Game Preserve, Kenya.


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Colorado prairie


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DESERT

Deserts cover about 20% of the Earth.

The Sahara Desert is the largest desert inthe desert ecosystem. It covers over 300

million square miles.

Many desert animals tend to be

nocturnal, sleeping during the day and

coming out at night when the

temperatures are more tolerable.

Because there is hardly any standingwater in the desert, animals either store

water in their bodies or get their water

needs met by the foods they eat.



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DESERT

Dust storms occur when the wind

picks up dust from the surface. Thesestorms can be up to 1 mile high and

travel over a hundred miles.

The desert ecosystem can be found onevery continent except Europe.

Because body fat retains heat, most

desert animals have an adaptation that

allows them to store all their body fat

in one area of their body. The camel

stores all its body fat in its hump.



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DESERT

The plants that are able to grow in the

desert biome store water in their stem.

They normally grow spaced out so

that their roots can extend and find

water.

Cacti have many adaptions to survive

in the desert. Their spines protect

them from being eaten by animals andtheir waxy outer covering keeps

moisture from escaping.



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Sahara Desert


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AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

An aquatic ecosystem is an

ecosystem located in a body of

water.

Two major aquatic ecosystemsexist:

Marine ecosystem; and

Freshwater ecosystem



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MARINEECOSYSTEMS

The largest ecosystem with coverage

of nearly 71% of the Earths surface

and containing 97% of the planets

water.

The water in marine ecosystems hassalts and minerals dissolved in them

in high amounts.

There are two common and majortypes of marine ecosystems: ocean

and coral reef ecosystems.



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OCEAN

There are five ocean ecosystems -

Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, IndianOcean, Southern Ocean, and the Arctic

Ocean.

At 36, 200 feet deep, the Mariana Trench

is the deepest part of the ocean

ecosystem.

The largest ocean of the ocean

ecosystems is the Pacific Ocean. The ocean ecosystem is home to the

largest known mammal of the world = the

blue whale.



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Atlantic Ocean


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CORALREEF

It is located in a shallow, clear portion of

the ocean in mostly tropical areas. Theseareas include the coasts of East Africa,

South India, Australia, Florida, the

Caribbean, and Brazil.

The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral

reef ecosystem and is located in

Australia. It can actually be seen from

outer space. The Great Barrier Reef covers more than

1,200 miles and contains 400 species of

coral.



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FRESHWATERECOSYSTEMS

Covers only 0.8% of the

Earths surface and contain

0.009% of its total water.

There are two basic types of

freshwater ecosystems:

lentic, and lotic.



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LENTICECOSYSTEMS

Lentic ecosystems are also

called standing waters.

It includes lakes, ponds,

swamps, marshes, and

vernal pools.



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Manzanita Lake toward Mt. Lassen, California


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LOTICECOSYSTEMS

Lotic ecosystems are also

called flowing waters.

It includes rivers, streams,

creeks, brooks, and springs.



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Agusan River


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M C th i T A (F llti L t )

MAJOR TYPES OF ECOSYSTEMS.pptx

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