Maintaining Efficiency using Your Building Controls and ...€¦ · Maintaining Efficiency using...

Rhode Island Convention Center • Providence, Rhode Island

Maintaining Efficiency using Your Building Controls and Automation

Session: Building Controls and Automation

Carl E. Lundstrom, PE, CCP Dewberry Design Builders Inc.

August 10, 2016

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

Summary

Using your building control and automation systems for:

• Managing your energy use

• Using your controls system to commission

• Operating your controls systems for persistence

2


Terminology – Per DoD Lingo

• UMCS = Utility Monitoring and Control System

– aka: BAS, EMCS, UCS, FMS, EMACS, EMUCS, etc.

• FCS = Field Control System

– BCS = Building Control System

– UCS = Utility Control System

• FPOC = Field Point of Connection

• Facility-Related Control System

– DoD “facilities” are more than just buildings

• M&C = Monitoring and Control (Front End stuff)


2 Types of FCS – Per DoD Lingo

• Building Control System (BCS) – Controls for building electrical and mechanical

systems, typically HVAC and lighting – Generally uses Direct Digital Control (DDC) Hardware – Generally does NOT include its own local front end

• Utility Control System (UCS) – For utility systems such as an electrical substation,

sanitary sewer lift station, water pump station, etc. – A UCS may include its own local front-end

• A single building may have both a BCS and UCS – May even share components between them – such as

the FPOC


DoD Requirements for a Complete, Working UMCS

• Control Functionality to Control Mechanical Equipment – Sequences in UFGS 23 09 93

– Instrumentation and control devices in UFGS 23 09 13

– Controllers for sequences, supervisory control, interface to front end in UFGS 23 09 23.01 (LonWorks) or UFGS 23 09 23.02 (BACnet)

– Other (submittals, PVT, training, etc.) in UFGS 23 09 00

• User Interface – Primary front end in UFGS 25 10 10

– Local Display Panels in buildings in UFGS 23 09 23.XX


Building control and automation systems are fundamental for a strong energy management program at a building, site or agency.

• Day-to-day controls operation

• Meter data management

• Support commissioning to maintain highly efficient buildings

6

Energy Managers & Building Automation Systems


Managing Your Energy


Building automation systems can support facility energy management from meter data.

A successful metering program will incorporate:

– Appropriate and accurate data in a timely manner

– Provide analysis of meter information

– Data and analysis provided to user in a format that leads to action

– Operate continuously on a daily, weekly, monthly, and annual basis

8

Meter data management


Successful program - start with a metering plan – Program objectives – what are the goals, objectives, and risk

– Identify current and future metering needs for all energy and water utilities

– Recovery procedures when meter stops, deemed out of calibration, data lost, or considered questionable

– Obtain and maintain management and stakeholder support

– Identify key program milestones and assign roles and responsibilities

– Detail the training and retraining requirements for meter and data analysis

– On-going metering program monitoring

9



Overall metering objectives: – Ultimate goal – reduce utility use and costs

– Bill allocation throughout the entire facility

– Manage utility loads to minimize costs

• Example, electrical - time-based rates

– Identify system-specific operational efficiency opportunities

– Identify equipment malfunction or impending malfunction in critical use facilities – such as hospitals

– Retro-commissioning (RCx) & on-going commissioning (OCx)

– Special metering consideration

• Data centers

• On-site generation

10

Metering Objectives


• Meter programs are not “set-them and forget-them”

• Staffing resources needed to operate the metering system, when in place, are critical to a successful program

• Cybersecurity requirements – IT staff participate early in development of system

• RMF: Risk Management Framework: An approach to Cybersecurity to reduce risk while taking into account cost vs benefit (NIST SP 800-37)

11



Metering Hierarchy - Maximize your metering value – minimize your metering costs

• Starts at Whole Building Meter

– Diagnostic in identifying trends and variances

• Next finer level – Electrical Panel/Sub-Panel or mechanical system

– Lighting, plug, or motor loads

• Moving down – Circuit-level monitoring

– Specific load of interest

• Final level – End-use equipment (chiller, boiler, motor)

12


Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade 13

Meter Location Selection

Whole Building Meter

Circuit Level Meter

Panel Level Meters

End-use Level Meters


Water, Air, Gas, Electric, Steam Meters

• Electric

– Energy management

– Power Quality

• Gas

• Water

• Air

• Steam

Metering program Water, Air, Gas, Electric, Steam (WAGES)


Energy Information Systems

• First element for consideration – output information

• Volume of data and time to process

• Graphical output

– Daily Profile

– Day overlay

– Calendar/Month of consumption

Analytical Outputs

• Benchmarking

• Aggregation

• Data mining (data slice/drill down)

• Normalization

– Building area

– Number of occupants

– Cooling or heating degree days


Energy Information Systems

• Reimbursable billing

• Validation/Planning – shadow meter

• Efficiency Opportunity Identification

• On-going commissioning

• Power Quality Application

• Measurement and Verification

• Benchmarking

• Active alarm notification

• Utilities Interaction

– Demand limiting

– Time of use pricing

– Real time pricing

– Load aggregation

– Power factor

– Demand response


Meter Profiling

High demand

Demand response Extended usage on weekends


Using Your Controls System to Commission


• New building commissioning

• Existing building commissioning

– Re-commissioning

– Retro-commissioning

19

Controls & Commissioning


Commissioning of building controls for a new building project is probably the most fundamental systems every project should include: Owner Project Requirements Design review of controls Submittal review of controls Is the instrumentation correctly

mounted, tested, calibrated, and operational

Safety interlocks Integration of data transfer Functional testing of complex

control sequences Incorporate data trending and

analytics to support commissioning and future operations

20

New Building Commissioning


Commissioning supports final close-out with

Training

O&M Documentation

As-builts

Systems Manual

GIS & BIM

DoD – get final “Point Schedule”

21

New Building Commissioning


Existing building commissioning of controls can provide significant savings for an energy management program. Any building system will degrade and need attention to maintain their low energy utilization. Incorporate re-commissioning or retro-commissioning into site or agency energy plans

22

Existing Building Commissioning


Existing Building Commissioning

Source: http://www.calmac.org/publications/SCE_RCx_Pre-Calc_Report-03-31-10.pdf


Existing Building Cx Phases

Planning Phase Establish Goals, Owner Needs &

EBCx Plan

Investigation

Phase

Implementation

Phase

Turnover

Phase

Persistence

Phase

Evaluate Current System Performance with Owner

Needs & Identify Improvements

Establish Smooth Transition and Hand Over to O&M

Staff

Implement Recommended Improvements and Verify

Performance

Ensure Continuous System Performance

Improvement

-As defined by BCA “Best Practices”


Wall of shame

“Economizer” “Secured” damper


Operating your control systems for persistence


Maintaining Building Performance


Energy managers should strongly considering adding on-going commissioning with their building control systems to maintain (and improve) their building performance.

28

Persistence

Stage 1

Building data

Stage 2

Analyze and notify

Stage 3

O&M Action


Stage 1 - Transfer of Building Data

$

• Web Services

• Open Protocols

• RDBMS

• Automated Export

$$

• Proprietary Drivers

• Integration – Existing Hardware

$$$

• Full Integration, New Hardware


Stage 2 - Analyze and Notify

Analytics: Tests for Conditions Engineer Review

&


• Prioritization of projects

• O&M Actions

• Verification

• Ongoing Diagnostics

31

Stage 3 - O&M Action


• Building control and automation systems are fundamental for a strong energy management program at a building, site or agency.

• Building automation systems can support facility energy management from meter data.

• Anticipate requirements for cyber-security and IT support requirements early in the project

• Energy managers should incorporate automation systems into an on-going commissioning program to have good persistence of their facility energy usage.

32

Summary


Risk Management Framework - Cybersecurity

• NIST SP 800-37: Guide for Applying the Risk Management Framework to Federal Information Systems

• NIST SP 800-39: Managing Information System Risk • NIST SP 800-53: Security and Privacy Controls for Federal

Information Systems and Organizations • NIST SP 800-82: Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security • DoD Instruction 8510.01: Risk Management Framework (RMF) for

DoD Information Technology (IT) • Committee on National Security Systems Instruction (CNSSI) 1253:

Security Categorization and Control Selection for National Security Systems

• https://rmfks.osd.mil • UFC 4-010-06: Cybersecurity of Facility-Related Control Systems • Upcoming UFGS for Cybersecurity for UMCS

https://rmfks.osd.mil/


DoD Spec/Criteria Overview

UFGS 25 10 10: Utility Monitoring & Control System (UMCS) Front End and Integration UFGS 23 09 00: Instrumentation and Control for HVAC UFGS 23 09 23.01: LonWorks DDC for HVAC & Other Local Controls UFGS 23 09 23.02: BACnet DDC for HVAC & Other Local Controls UFGS 23 09 13: Instrumentation and Control Devices for HVAC UFGS 23 09 93: Sequences of Operation for HVAC Control UFGS 25 08 10: UMCS Testing UFC 3-410-02: DDC for HVAC & Other Local Controls UFC 3-470-01: Utility Monitoring & Control System (UMCS) Front End and Integration UFC 4-010-06: Cybersecurity of Facility-Related Control Systems UFGS ?? ?? ??: Cybersecurity of Facility-Related Control Systems Specifications and Criteria in red font are draft, under development, or under revision


Building Controls and Automation

Carl E. Lundstrom, PE, CCP Associate Vice President Dewberry 2836 Brandywine Road, Suite 100 Atlanta, GA 30341-4015 770.329.3625 [email protected] www.dewberry.com

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.dewberry.com/

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