Mainstreaming biodiversity into production sectors: The South African experience
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Transcript of Mainstreaming biodiversity into production sectors: The South African experience
Mainstreaming
biodiversity into
production sectors
The South African experience
Jeff Manuel, Director: Biodiversity Information and Planning
• Mining and Agriculture drives
infrastructure development
• Inadequate Infrastructure on a 20
year backlog.
• Government under pressure to meet
6% econ growth.
• High unemployment and low skilled
labour base
• Econ growth model based on
construction-based development.
– Expanded Public Works
– National Development Plan
• Strategic Integrated Projects
South Africa’s development paradigm
Poor environmental practise, regulation, compliance
Overallocated water resources
Peri-urban sprawl; Diffuse settlement patterns
Mining in sensitive environs
Inadequate extension; Degraded rangelands
Poverty, environmental risks,
lack of services
Unlocking mainstreaming
• Systemic barriers to mainstreaming – Developmental priorities
– Service delivery priorities
– Financial governance /audit fear
– Lack of funds; (co-funding/counter-funding)
• Donor funding and support is an essential catalyst – Sidesteps barriers
– Showcase practical solutions
• Institutional landscape – Failures: Subtropical Thicket (E. Cape)
– Moderately successful: Succulent Karoo (N. Cape)
– Highly successful: CAPE and Grasslands (W. Cape, KZN, GP, MP)
Mainstreaming: working beyond the line of insanity
• Project Design
• Timeframes
• Skills
• Measurement
Required outcomes
Land under better
mngmnt
Conservation
gains
Hectares protected
Reducing developm
ent footprint/
rate
Reducing threats
Certification & sector
self-regulation
Policy and Law Reform
Systemic Change
Changing development
goals
Largely natural, elements of biodiversity importance; . low impact production
sectors
Bio
div
ersi
ty u
nd
erp
ins
eco
logi
cal i
nfr
astr
uct
ure
wh
ich
del
iver
s se
rvic
es o
f b
enef
it t
o p
eop
le a
nd
eco
no
my
Largely modified for intensive production
e.g. commercial crops
Light to heavily modified,
fragments of biodiversity
Mostly natural, high biodiversity
importance; private/ communally owned
State owned and managed
protected areas
PR
OTE
CTE
D
PR
OD
UC
TIO
N
DEV
ELO
PM
ENT
• Protected areas (legislation) • NPAES • No-go areas
• Statutory biodiversity stewardship agreements • Contract law & informal biodiversity stewardship
agreements • Tax incentives • Threatened ecosystems
• Biodiversity and forestry • Biodiversity and agriculture (industry best
practice production and planning guidelines) • Ecosystem guidelines
• Biodiversity and mining • Mining & Biodiversity
Guidelines
• Biodiversity sector plans • Bioregional plans • CBA-SDFs • Biodiversity in the urban
economy
Mainstreaming through a landscape approach
Mainstreaming into plantation forestry
Results: • Expansion of protected area estate by 33 000ha • More resilient landscapes with functional connectivity and continued ability to
deliver ecosystem services over 270 000 ha (+ 60 000 ha soon) • Reduction in the rate of loss with 0 ha of new plantation development in
biodiversity priority areas • Industry certification system & standards (FSC) better incorporates
biodiversity
Mainstreaming into mining
Results:
• Capacity & governance strengthened
Two endorsed regulatory tools that improve decision-making
250++ sector officials, practioners & decision-makers trained
Reduction in rate of loss
• Expansion of protected area estate
Reactive stewardship: 119ha important wetlands
Proactive stewardship: 9200ha critical biodiversity & strategic water source area
Protection of biodiversity & maintenance of ecosystem function
Mainstreaming into agriculture
• Challenges…long hook – Overstated match between land use compatibility &
biodiversity
– Huge, diverse sector – no ‘easy’ institutional entry point for mainstreaming
– On-going policy reform
– Farmer & market interest in certification
– Public sector capacity
• Successes…short hook – Biodiversity stewardship – protection & better
management
– More recently traction with industry standard – building on pilots
Key ingredients for effective mainstreaming
Good science
Link to development
objectives
Develop deep relationships
and thick networks of
trust; invest in people
Recognise, craft and
respond to windows of opportunity
Develop high-quality in-sector
tools and products
Strengthen regulatory and
planning processes at all
levels
“There is no such thing as a light touch mainstreaming intervention”
“Mainstreaming requires a combination of long & short hook approaches–aim for systemic change but build it up from pilots”
Lessons
• Mainstreaming is a long-term process.
• Be adaptable - dynamic, uncertain context.
• Investing in the institutional landscape is key.
• Projects can probably be more effective with
the same budget & twice the timeframe.
• Outcomes are goal posts. Setting sensible
targets is extremely difficult.
Discussion
1. Develop a good Science foundation
• Evidence-based.
• Tangible view of
biodiversity objectives
• Transparent and
defensible.
• Basis for sectoral
prioritisation and then
inter-sectoral
engagement
Doom & gloom does not influence the dominant discourse
Rather focus on unlocking the potential of biodiversity and ecosystem services for development by creating and demonstrating their value
proposition (and not its value)
have to + want to x how to
Practical Solutions
National Asset
Children’s Legacy
Way Forward
National Priority
Emotional Strength
2. Relevance to Development Objectives
“functioning ecosystems that deliver valuable services to people”
Recognising the value of ecological infrastructure
(as opposed to PES)
The benefits of investing in EI
• Labour intensive, long-term jobs
• Cost savings
• Disaster relief
• Disaster risk management
• Overall infrastructure spending
• Reducing economic downtime
• Ecologically sustainable landscapes
Not investing in Ecological Infrastructure
4. Develop genuine relationships
• Takes time –individual and organisational
• Develop a deep understanding of the
institutional landscape
• Support organisational stability in partners
• Projects are a useful mechanism to foster
relationships
• Avoid consultancy-based implementation
5. Respond to windows of opportunity
1 3 7
1 4
17
12
22 13
12
55
2005200620072008200920102011201220132014
Most recent Municipal Planning framework, as required by law
• Recognise that biodiversity is not a priority.
• Downstream success is fine, sometimes better.
• Have the flexibility to pursue ‘non-biodiversity’ activities
• E.g. improving planning frameworks as a whole can positively impact on biodiversity, if layered.
Improving
agricultural
regulatory
capacity
People, Products and Processes
NR/PE
BIODIV AGREEMENTS
CORRIDORS
PLATANTATIONS
CRITICAL
HIGH
MODERATE
MEDIOCRE
LOW
FSA - EMC Represents all scales
COORDINATOR
CONS ORGS SANBI, WWF, EWT, Ezemvelo,
MTPA , DEA, DAFF, DWA
SPATIAL TOOLS
CPT BST
Sys Cons Plans
FORESTRY DATA
Technical support Ecological Advice
Guidelines Mentorship Certification
EXISTING FORESTRY NEW FORESTRY
EMC+
Formal Protection Better management
Decision support Responsible forestry
Existing smallgrowers and new landowners
New smallgrowers and emerging
growers
Focus Area 1 Building
Partnerships and support structures
Focus Area 2 Maintenance and
adaptation of tools
Focus Area 3 Formal Protection
(Stewardship) Focus Area 4 Small Grower Development
New Afforestation decision support
Focus Area 4 Small/Emerging Grower support
Focus Area 5 Technical Support